Do you know how plastic arches are built and used?

The height of the plastic film small arch is generally less than meters, the width is 13 meters, and the length is generally more than 10 meters. The small arch shed is easy to build, the cost is low, and after the grass is covered, the warming effect is not worse than that of the large greenhouse, but the space is small, and it is often used for the seedling of horticultural crops, early planting or crop cultivation of dwarf plants. The structure of the plastic film small arch shed is simple, the material is convenient, easy to build, the cost is low, the application form in the production is various, can be adapted to local conditions, flexible design, and can be combined with large-scale greenhouses, multi-story greenhouses and other large-scale facilities.

Types and structures of common simple plastic arch insulation sheds: arch round greenhouses, arch round and wind barrier greenhouses. Semi-arched greenhouse, earthen wall, semi-arched greenhouse, double-sloped greenhouse.

1. a small arch shed; The arch round small arch shed is the most widely used type in production, also called the small greenhouse, mainly using bamboo pieces, bamboo poles, wattles or steel bars or thin-walled steel pipes with a diameter of 68 mm and other materials, bent into a bow-shaped skeleton with a width of 13 meters and a height of about 1 meter, and each arch is connected together with bamboo poles and iron wires between the skeletons: some insert the two ends of the arch deeper into the soil, if the arch is very firm, you can also not connect the arch. Buckle the plastic shed film on the arch, bury the edge with soil after the surrounding tension, and then fix it with a pressure rod or a pressure line on the top of the shed film.

2. Semi-arched small arch shed; There is an earthen wall with a length of about 1 meter on the north side, and a semi-arched round shed surface on the south side: this kind of small arch shed is generally a column-free shed, and when the span is large, 12 rows of columns can be set up in the middle to support the load caused by rain, snow and cold-proof thermal insulation covering. There are also steel bars and steel pipes made of one side standing and one side semi-arched round.

This small arch should be east-west, which is conducive to daylighting. Because this small arch shed stands upright on one side, the space in the shed is larger, so it is conducive to the growth of seedlings. 3. a double-inclined arch shed; The shed is ridged or triangular.

The scaffolding direction can be extended from east to west and north to south, but the light in the shed in the north-south direction is uniform. This kind of shed is suitable for the south where there is little wind and rain: it can be covered on a flat ground, or it can be made into a furrow frame and then covered, in various forms.

This type of shed is generally provided with a column below the ridge to support the load. This kind of small greenhouse is made into a furrow frame and then covered or combined with the semi-underground type cold bed is better, otherwise it is directly covered in the open field, and the space on both sides is too small, which is not conducive to planting seedlings, and the effective action area is small.

Small arch shed cultivation is in the case that the external natural conditions can not fully adapt to the growth and development of vegetables, using arch to support agricultural film, simple mulching, planting in advance, after the temperature rises, remove a form of mulch. The setting of small arch sheds should be selected in high terrain or well-drained plots, and it is advisable to run in a north-south direction. The small arch shed is mainly composed of arch and agricultural plastic film, with a span of meters, medium height meters, and no limit on length.

The skeleton of the small arch shed is generally made of bamboo poles or bamboo pieces, and the skeleton spacing is 80 100 centimeters, and the small arch shed with a large span also ties the bamboo pole at the top of the shed as a pull rod, and adds the top column, etc., to fix the skeleton of the small arch shed, and strengthen its firmness. When constructing, the arch is inserted into the soil or buried in the soil alone, the arch should be made firm and neat, the film is flattened and tightened and covered tightly, and the four sides are buried in the soil and fixed.

The plastic arch shed is larger than the small arch shed, and smaller than the plastic greenhouse, its span is generally 4 6m, the ridge is high, mostly bamboo and wood structure, and it can also be welded by steel bars or steel pipes. Here we mainly introduce the arch shed in the bamboo and wood structure. Use bamboo pieces as arch rods, wooden poles (or cement columns) as columns, the distance between arch rods lm, and support with columns.

Generally, 1 row of columns, if the arch rod specification is small and the strength is poor, 2 rows of columns should be set up, and the longitudinal tie rod should be erected at 500px away from the shed surface to connect the columns into a whole. It is best to have 2 rows of columns with a span of 6m. There is no passage in the shed, and the waterway is located outside the shed.

The arch canopy in the single row of columns of the bamboo and wood structure is covered with a whole piece of film, and the surrounding is tightened and buried in the earth. A laminating line is set between the arches to press the film. The laminating line can be used as No. 8 iron wire or plastic laminating line.

Install a door at each end of the shed. The performance of the middle arch shed is better than that of the small arch shed, and it is inferior to the large greenhouse. It is observed that the average minimum temperature in the middle arch shed is 1 3 °C higher than that of the small arch shed, and 1 3 °C lower than that of the greenhouse.

Because the middle arch shed is low and the area is small, the outside can be covered with straw to increase the cold insulation performance.

Expert answers.

The small arch shed is the most widely used and largest protected area facility in the country, especially in the creeping cultivation of melons, the small arch shed has played a huge advantage. The small arch is 1 2 meters wide, 6 meters high and 6 8 meters long.

The arch of the small arch shed can be made of local materials, and the arch rod is made of thin bamboo poles and bamboo pieces, bent into a bow, and inserted into the soil at both ends. The two arches are spaced between meters and covered with a single piece of film, which is rolled up and buried in the soil on all sides. The small arch 1 meter wide does not have columns.

The 2-meter-wide small arch is made of thin bamboo poles, and due to its low strength, a thin wooden pole is used as a beam at the top to support the columns. The skeleton of the small arch shed can also be bent into an arch shape by using steel bars, and the two ends are inserted into the soil, and the spacing of the steel bars is 1 meter. 1 meter wide small arch canopy?

12 steel bars, 2 meters wide for small arch sheds? 14 rebars.

Fig. 16 Schematic diagram of the roof of the small arch canopy.

The small arch shed is low, the space is small, and the temperature is very high at noon on a sunny day, so it is easy to roast the crops if the wind is not released in time. Due to the small area in the shed, the temperature on both sides is low, and the temperature in the middle is high, which often causes the crops on both sides to be dwarf and easy to grow in the middle. The small arch shed adjusts the temperature by removing the shed film, and it is easier to reduce the temperature of the side row by removing the shed film on both sides, so it is necessary to take the method of putting the top wind to make the temperature distribution in the shed uniform and the crops grow neatly.

To put the top wind in the shed, we must first improve the method of covering the film, brand it with two films, leave 30 cm per meter without branding, and put the seam in the middle when covering. When the wind is lifted, use a sorghum straw to branch the unbranded part into a diamond-shaped mouth (Figure 16), and remove the sorghum straw when the wind is closed. When the outside temperature rises, let the bottom wind go.

The bottom wind is first opened from the leeward side, and then the air outlet is opened from the windward side after a few days of release. Before removing the film, several large blows are carried out to make the melons in the shed gradually adapt to the external environment.

It is inconvenient to work in the small arch shed of the tip board, and the management needs to be carried out by uncovering the film, which can be used for short-term mulching cultivation of melons in spring. In addition, the small arch shed is covered with grass straw, paper quilt and other insulation materials at night, which can be used for early spring melons and other fruit and vegetable seedlings, especially the melons cultivated by plastic film cover and small arch shed double film cover, which can be sown in the greenhouse and transplanted to the small arch shed to cultivate seedlings.

You planted it in **, my father planted it in Shanghai, and he has been growing watermelons in greenhouses for more than ten years, and I also know a little bit about veterans, hehe, fur. In fact, the answer you get here is only a rough one, and many of them are very unrealistic

Dear, hello, I am glad to answer for you the difference between the performance and application of different types of plastic arch sheds, the small and medium-sized arch sheds are arched sheds, the plastic greenhouses are plastic, and the performance of plastic sheds is basically similar to that of plastic small arch sheds. Due to the large space and large heat capacity of the middle shed, the performance buffering is stronger, the internal air temperature and ground temperature are more stable than the small shed, and the diurnal difference becomes smaller. The environmental conditions are better than those of small arch sheds, but worse than those of large ones.

The plastic shed is mostly used for early spring cultivation of cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, zucchini, melons, watermelons, kidney beans, etc.; autumn delayed cultivation of tomatoes, celery, ginger, cauliflower, etc.; celery, leeks, spinach, bok choy, rape and other cold-tolerant vegetables are cultivated in the old wintering Zheng type; Tomatoes, celery, cucumbers, beans, etc. are cultivated in the summer. Due to its easy construction, easy disassembly and assembly, low cost and good effect, plastic shed is widely used all over the country. In recent years, the ginger production area of Laiwu in Shandong Province has been covered with ginger in the middle shed to prolong its growth period, which can increase the yield of ginger from 5000 6000 kg per mu (mu is a non-statutory unit of measurement, 1 hectare = 15 mu, the same below) to 6000 7000 kg per mu, and has achieved significant economic benefits.

The plastic small arch shed is the most widely used and largest protection facility in the country. Regardless of herbaceous flowers, fresh-cut flowers and potted flowers, whether it is direct seeding, seedling raising, planting seedlings, small arch sheds are commonly used protection facilities.

Small arches usually span 1 2 meters, high meters, 6 8 meters long, each small arch covers 1 2 low furrows or high furrows, can also cover 2 4 ridges.

Small arch shed early spring seedlings or planting flower seedlings, because of the small coverage area, the surrounding area is seriously affected by the external low temperature, especially on both sides, both affected by the low temperature, and connected with the permafrost or low ground temperature, the air temperature, ground temperature are lower than the middle, so the seedlings grow unevenly, the middle is high, the two sides are low, if the growth on both sides tends to be normal, the middle is serious.

In order to make the crops grow neatly in the small arch shed, the effective measure is to put the top wind. The small arch shed is ventilated from the top, which can make the temperature of each part of the shed change greatly.

After the ventilation of the small arch shed is changed to the top wind, the temperature change in the shed is mainly manifested in the stable temperature and the decrease in the middle temperature, which changes the phenomenon of high temperature in the middle and low temperature at the edge, so as to achieve uniform temperature in all parts of the shed and neat plant growth.

Small arch sheds can also be set up in greenhouses or greenhouses to provide more ideal microclimate conditions, generally used for seedling raising.

The plastic middle arch shed and the large arch shed are composed of a skeleton (including pillars, davits, tie rods, and shed membrane rods), plastic film, insect nets, steel wires, ventilation film rolling rods, and film pressing grooves (or ground anchor pressurized membrane ropes). The shed type is divided into multi-story greenhouses and single arch sheds, and the single sheds are divided into small sheds, medium arch sheds and large arch sheds. There are two types of shed skeletons: pillars and pillars, and the materials used to make the skeleton can be steel pipes, reinforced cement concrete, plastic steel, bamboo and wood.

Regardless of the type and material, you need to pay attention to the construction process:

The direction of the shed should be in the north-south direction, and the north-south length of the single shed is 50 70 meters, and the longest should not be greater than 100 meters, so as to facilitate management; The width of the east and west depends on the width of the land, with 8 10 meters as the best, and the widest shall not be greater than 12 meters; The edge of the shed is high, and the height of the highest point of the shed is 2 meters, and the highest is not more than 3 meters, so as to prevent wind.

The skeleton is stable and wind-resistant, compression-resistant, and there is a pillar-type greenhouse, and the east-west spacing between the two rows of pillars is appropriate, which is just suitable for the average row spacing of 60 cm for spicy (sweet) peppers.

Plastic film should choose insulation, high light transmittance, strong tensile force, aging resistance of high-quality film, cover at least 2 3 vents, 2 small sheds, 10 12 meters of large shed 3, of which the top of the arch shed to set up 1 vent, the tuyere is set below the highest top line, the local main wind direction of the leeward side 1, in order to regulate the temperature in the shed, to prevent the high temperature in the shed is difficult to exclude.

Insect nets should be set up at the vents to prevent pests from entering during ventilation.

The shed door should be set at the south end of the shed, the shed door is 150 170 cm high, 70 90 cm wide, the door needs to be three-dimensional double door, the two doors are about 80 cm apart, between the two are closed into a tight closed passage with plastic film or insect net, the management personnel can close the outer door immediately after entering the shed, after checking and eliminating the pests entering the door in the channel, open the inner door into the shed, so as to prevent the pests from entering the shed when the personnel enter the shed, so that the shed is free of insects, no need to spray pesticides, and realize the production of spicy (sweet) peppers without pollution. Green or organic standards.

Small arch shed is widely distributed throughout the country, because the small arch shed is easy to set up, low cost, convenient management, suitable for large-scale promotion. The temperature characteristics of the small arch shed are very suitable for all kinds of vegetables to be marketed in the middle of the solar greenhouse and spring stubble open field cultivation vegetables. Although the vegetable products of the small arch shed are later than the vegetables of the solar greenhouse, they are earlier than the vegetables of the open field.

The production of vegetables in large areas and small arched sheds plays a very important role in ensuring the anniversary of vegetables and alleviating the spring trough in North China.

1) Cold-tolerant vegetables are cultivated early in spring Celery, cabbage, leeks, green garlic, bok choy, small rape, spinach, coriander and other cold-tolerant and semi-cold-tolerant vegetables are slightly or unprotected after wintering, covering the small arch shed 30 to 40 days before the natural return to green, which will make the above crops go on the market early**. Small arch sheds with grass cover and wind barrier protection will be available earlier, have higher yields, and can effectively avoid the hazards of cold snaps in early spring, so as to improve safety.

2) Early spring cultivation of temperature-loving fruits and vegetables Cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, zucchini, watermelons, melons and other warm fruits and vegetables can be planted when the soil temperature of 10 cm in the small arch shed is stable at about 12, which can effectively advance the marketing season of crops. The seedling facilities of the above crops mostly adopt the form of greenbeds, yang furrows, solar greenhouses, heated greenhouses and other facilities. The seedlings of the same crop are bred in the form of facilities with different temperature conditions, and the seedling age is also different, so the seedling sowing and seedling period should be properly mastered to avoid insufficient seedling age, late product maturity period or too large seedling age, and low product yield.

3) Early spring vegetable seedlings Small arch shed with wind barrier protection, night grass cover, can be carried out warm vegetables or cold-tolerant vegetables in early spring or winter and spring seedlings. Around New Year's Day in Shandong Province, small arched shed seedlings such as cabbage and tomato can be used to provide seedlings for early spring small arch shed cultivation. In early to mid-March, cucumbers, watermelons, zucchini, melons, etc. can be sown in small arched sheds to provide seedlings for early maturing cultivation under open field mulching.

4) Delayed cultivation in autumn Covered with grass in small arched sheds can be used for delayed cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, kidney beans, cauliflower, celery, etc. The first period of the above crops in autumn is later than that of autumn stubble, but earlier than that of energy-saving solar greenhouse cultivation, which is an important supplement to the off-season of autumn and winter fruits and vegetables.

5) Overwintering cultivation of cold-tolerant vegetables The small arched shed winter cover leeks are listed on New Year's Day and Spring Festival** is a major feature of leek cultivation in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. The small arch shed cover leek can produce a variety of leek products of different colors such as green leek, leek yellow, three-color leek, etc., which are sold all over the country. In addition, the small arch shed can produce instant cabbage, rape, peas, sprouts and other vegetable products in winter, providing fresh and tender products for the winter vegetable market.