What is the difference between an atom and an atomic cluster? What are the atomic clusters

An atom is an uncharged, single chemical element.

An element can be called an atom, and a cluster of atoms is a charged particle composed of two or more elements.

In many chemical reactions, the reaction is taken as a whole, and such a group of atoms is called an atomic cluster. It is also commonly referred to as "xx roots" or "xx ions". Atomic clusters are just one component of a compound and cannot exist independently.

When writing the symbol of an atomic cluster, the charge it carries should be indicated.

1. The atomic cluster contains multiple atoms, so the mass and volume of the atomic cluster should be larger than the atoms that compose it, but it cannot be simply extended to the point that the atomic cluster is larger than the atom.

2. The number of protons in the atom = the number of electrons, which is not electrical; The total number of protons and the total number of electrons in common clusters of atoms are not equal and are usually electrically charged.

3. Compounds containing 3 or more elements usually contain atomic clusters. Common atomic clusters: hydroxide OH-, nitrate NO3-, carbonate CO3 2-, sulfate SO4 2-, sulfite SO32-, chlorate CLO3-, phosphate PO4 3-, bicarbonate HCO3-, ammonium NH4+, permanganate MNO4-, manganate MNO4 2-, etc.

Fourth, the atomic cluster does not remain absolutely unchanged in any chemical reaction. For example, in the reaction of using KCLO3 to produce O2, the chlorate group changes.

5. The overall valency of the atomic cluster is numerically equal to the number of charges carried by the atomic cluster, and the positive and negative are the same. For example, sulfate SO4 2- shows -2 valence when composing compounds.

6. In the chemical formula, when the number of atomic clusters is not 1, the atomic clusters should be enclosed with parentheses, and the number should be marked in the lower right corner outside the parentheses. For example, Ca(OH)2, Al2(SO4)3. However, when the number of atomic clusters is 1, parentheses cannot be added and the number of atoms is not marked as 1.

For example, kmno4, naoh

The atomic clusters include hydroxide OH-, nitrate NO3-, carbonate CO2-,、 sulfate SO2, chlorate CLO3-, phosphate PO43-, bicarbonate HCO3-, ammonium NH4+ and so on.

It is possible for a cluster of atoms to be charged or uncharged, and the ions are certainly charged. In a chemical reaction, the atomic group can be redivided, but the atom can never be redivided. The significance of the teacher asking you to make this comparison is that many atomic clusters are called ions, such as sulfate ions, hydroxide ions, and so on.

Atomic group recognition should be noted:

1) An atomic cluster is a part of a molecule. In compounds composed of three or more elements, the molecules often contain some kind of atomic cluster.

2) The cluster of atoms does not remain the same in any chemical reaction. In some chemical reactions, the atomic clusters change, such as the chlorate in potassium chlorate.

3) Clusters of atoms are often referred to as "roots" or "root ions". When writing the atomic cluster symbol, the charge it carries should be indicated, such as: CLO3-, SO42-, OH-, NH4+, etc., and do not take the atomic cluster symbol as a chemical formula, such as mistaking sulfate (SO42-) for sulfur tetroxide.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Atomic Group.

Common atomic clusters are: hydroxide OH-, nitrate NO3-, carbonate CO2-,、 sulfate SO2, chlorate CLO3-, phosphate PO43-, bicarbonate HCO3-, ammonium NH4+ and so on.

Charged atomic groups are also called roots or groups, such as hydroxide OH, nitrate NO, carbonate CO, sulfate SO, chlorate CLO, phosphate PO, bicarbonate HCO, ammonium NH, etc. Atomic clusters cannot exist on their own and are only a component of a chemical compound. In solution, the atomic clusters participate in the reaction as a whole.

Peculiarity. The unique properties of atomic clusters are due to their structural characteristics, because of their small size, the proportion of atoms on the surface is extremely high, and the geometric configuration, spin state and interatomic forces of the atoms on the surface are completely different from those of atoms in the bulk phase. The properties of the material are closely related to the surface properties of the internal units.

For example, simply by adjusting the size of the clusters, the properties of matter can vary greatly, and clusters of 10 iron atoms are 1000 times more efficient in catalyzing ammonia synthesis than clusters of 17 iron atoms.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Atomic Group.

A molecule is stable, uncharged, and can make up matter.

An atomic cluster (ionic cluster) is a large ion composed of several atoms, English group, ionic clusters have positive and negative, ionic clusters can form molecules, but ionic clusters cannot form molecules independently.

example

CO2 and O2 are both molecules and can exist independently.

CO3(2+) and SO4(2-) are both ionic clusters, and other ions need to be balanced to achieve positive and negative charges before they can form salts (stable substances), what is an atomic cluster?

I don't think you need to know much about chemistry in junior high school.

For example, NH3 is ammonia, or in this case it is a molecule.

If a large amount of NH3 is introduced into the CuSO4 (light blue) solution, the solution becomes dark blue violet.

cuso4+ 2* nh3 ====[cu(nh3)4]so4

At this point, NH3 is a cluster of atoms, and there is a chemical bond between it and copper.

Don't get to the bottom of chemistry in junior high school, you can remember what the book says, and as you learn in the future, you will know why, but it is difficult to explain it now.