In chemistry, what is conversion rate?

It is expressed as "conversion rate of a specified reactant = (starting concentration of specified reactant - equilibrium concentration of specified reactant) (starting concentration of specified reactant) 100%".

I think there is a problem that must be clarified about the teaching of the concept of "conversion rate". 1. The conversion rate referred to in the textbook actually refers to the equilibrium conversion rate (or theoretical conversion rate, the highest conversion rate), which is the percentage of a specified reactant that is converted into a product after the reversible reaction reaches equilibrium. The conversion rate refers to the percentage of the transformation of a specified reactant at a certain point in the actual situation.

Because the actual situation is often not balanced, the actual conversion rate is often lower than the balanced conversion rate. Balanced conversion rate is the limit value of conversion rate.

The ratio of the amount of the reacted substance to the total amount of the reacted substance is the conversion rate.

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Conversion rate. In a reversible reaction, the conversion rate of reactants The amount (or volume, concentration) of the substance converted by the reactant The amount (or volume, concentration) of the substance at the beginning of the reactant*100

Yield of the product The amount of the substance (or mass, volume of gas) that actually produces the product The amount of the substance (or mass, volume of gas) that theoretically produces the product*100

The percentage of the ratio of the transformation concentration of a reactant (equal to the difference between the initial and equilibrium concentrations of a reactant) to the starting concentration of a reactant when the reversible reaction reaches equilibrium. It can be used to indicate the degree to which a reversible reaction is carried out.

This should be a matter of chemical equilibrium reversible reactions.

Let's say there's 1 gram of substance a, and when the reaction reaches equilibrium, it reacts off.

Then the conversion rate is (

The formula for calculating the chemical conversion rate is: c=c, c*100%. Conversion rate refers to the percentage or fraction of the conversion of a reactant, and the conversion is for the reactant.

If there is more than one reactant, the conversion rate calculated from each reactant may be different, but they all reflect the same objective fact. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the conversion rate according to the reactant.

In a chemical reaction, the substances that can participate in the reaction are called reactants, which refer to the substances that can be consumed in a chemical reaction. Solvents and catalysts involved in chemical reactions are not counted as reactants.

For example, 4mol A gas and 2mol B gas are mixed in a 2L container and the following reaction occurs under certain conditions, 2A (gas) + B (gas) = = 2C (gas), if the concentration of C is measured after 2S, then the conversion rate of substance A at 2S is: the mass of transformation The original mass, according to the number given in the question, that is the mass of the transformed matter The original mass of the matter, (.

Chemical conversion rate = actual yield Theoretical yield 100%.

Many industrial production focuses on this indicator to reduce unnecessary consumption and increase the utilization rate of raw materials to the highest level.

Conversion rate = amount of reacted raw materials Amount of raw materials * 100%.

The amount involved in the reaction is divided by the original quantity, which can be the division of mass or the quantity of matter, but the unit should be the same; Conversion rate is the ratio of the amount of reactants reacted to the total amount of reactants in a reaction.

Formula: Conversion rate a=n(change) n(total)*100%.

For example, in industrial ammonia, 1molH2 participates in the reaction, and if it is converted to NH3, the conversion rate of H2 is a=.

Effect of conversion reaction temperature on conversion rate

The converter usually used in vinyl chloride synthesis is a tubular fixed-bed reactor. The tube is equipped with a catalyst to provide the free radicals required for the reaction, and about 97 circulating hot water is in the jacket to provide the heat required for conversion and take away the heat generated due to the reaction.

In order to test the reaction temperature inside the converter, two sets of thermocouple thermometers are usually symmetrical in the tube, and each thermocouple thermometer is set up with 4 temperature measurement points to test the temperature of the converter. Generally, the temperature of the two temperature measurement points symmetrical to each other of the converter is required to be 120, and the temperature of a single point shall not exceed 160.

Definition: When a reversible chemical reaction reaches a state of chemical equilibrium, the amount of a certain raw material converted into the target product is the percentage of the starting amount of that raw material. Calculation method:

For example, AA+BB=CC+DD (A)=(Initial concentration of A-Equilibrium concentration of A) Initial concentration of A*100%.

The conversion rate is the ratio of the transformation concentration to the initial concentration.

The initial concentration of the increase is increased, and this increase effect is the main one, so the conversion rate is reduced. You can think about it in terms of extremums;

2.The hydrogen iodide of this reaction is the only reactant, after changing the concentration of hydrogen iodide, the pressure between the new equilibrium and the original equilibrium is equivalent to changing, and the pressure has no effect on this reaction, so the final percentage content of hydrogen iodide and the conversion rate are unchanged;

3.This reaction looks similar, but because the number of molecules before and after is different, the new equilibrium after increasing ammonia should be considered by increasing the pressure, so the equilibrium shifts to the left and the conversion rate decreases. Note:

The left shift I just mentioned is a change in the original balance after the new balance is established. And what you actually do is add ammonia, and the balance must be shifted to the right. Therefore, the conclusion is that the equilibrium shifts to the right, but the conversion rate of ammonia decreases.

The conversion rate in the chemistry equilibrium of the second year of high school chemistry has always been a difficult point for students to learn. The author solves the problem of conversion rate in chemical equilibrium through simple and specific chemical reactions. Help students solve difficulties in learning and improve learning efficiency.

Formula: Conversion rate Reactant change Reactant start x 100%.

Differences:

The equilibrium conversion rate is the conversion rate of the reactants when the reaction reaches equilibrium.

The conversion rate is the ratio of the amount of change in reactants to the amount of input at any given time.

If the amount of reactive substances A and B is increased in the same proportion and multiple, the equilibrium shifts to the direction of the positive reaction, and the conversion rate of the reactants is related to the stoichiometric number.

For example, A+B=C+D, the conversion rate of AB remains unchanged. (The same is true for the principle of compression).

For example, A+B, such as A+B>C+D, the conversion rate of AB increases. (Explained by the principle of compression, the equilibrium and the original equilibrium are no longer equilibrium.) ）