The evolution of the start, how the way of starting has evolved

Ancient Four-Leg Start--- Modern Two-Legged Start--- Modern Four-Leg Start--- Future Mechanical Four-Leg Start!

1. In the beginning, all the athletes started standing up during the running race. (Standing start).

2. Australian sprinter Sherrill once struggled with stagnation in sprint performance. He observed that although the kangaroo dragged a big bag and had a big belly, it ran more than 70 kilometers per hour and jumped up to 12 meters in a long jump. Sherrill noticed that kangaroos always bent down, pressed their bellies to the ground, and then jumped up before running and jumping.

Sherrier imitated the kangaroo and invented the squat start, which led to his success at the 1896 Olympic Games. (Squatting start).

3. Another athlete, Booker, is at the starting line.

I dug a small shallow pit where I squatted down, put one foot in the shallow pit, and when I kicked my foot at the start, I shot out like an arrow, and achieved a 100-meter sprint.

Less than 10 seconds of results. Since then, all runners have adopted the squat start, so track and field.

There was a running aid on the field. (Start with the starting block).

Of course, the current competition rules stipulate that in track races, 400m and below events must be started in a squat style and a starting point must be used. Events over 400 meters are held in a standing starting position.

It is not an evolution, but a squatting start that has been studied through the kangaroo's starting position.

There are two kinds of squatting starts! It is divided into: ordinary type and elongated type.

Normal: The front foot board of the starting block is about one and a half feet long from the starting line, and the rear foot board is about one and a half feet long from the front foot board. The angle between the front and the ground is about 30° to 45°, the rear is about 70° to 80° to the ground, and the central axis of the two foot plates is about 15 cm.

Elongated: The front foot board of the starting block is about two and a half feet long from the starting line, and the rear foot board is about one foot long from the front foot board. Other requirements are the same as those of the ordinary type.

Requirements: "When each is in place", walk briskly to the starting gear, support the ground with both hands, step on the foot board of the front and rear starting runners in turn, kneel on the back knee, retract the two hands close to the starting line and support the ground, the arms are straight, the distance between the two hands is slightly wider than the shoulder (this width is related to the length of the arm), the fingers are arched to make elastic support, and the torso is kept in a straight line. The weight of the body falls evenly between the hands, the front foot and the back knee.

Preparation", gradually lift the hips so that the center of gravity of the body moves forward and upward, at this time the weight of the body falls between the arms and the front legs, and its center of gravity projection point is 15 20 cm from the starting line. Raise your hips slightly above your shoulders so that your calves are parallel. When you hear the gunshot, quickly push your hands off the ground, swing your elbows quickly and forcefully, and at the same time quickly push the starting gear with your legs to move your body forward and up, and after the back leg kicks off the starting block, swing forward quickly with the lead of the knee joint, and the soles of your feet should not be too high from the ground (note that the first step should not be too big, because it will affect your starting speed) At the same time, the front legs quickly and forcefully push the hips, knees, and ankles in turn, with a back pedal angle of about 42°-45°, and an upward inclination angle of 15°-20° with the ground.

Hope it works for you! What don't you know how to speak!

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General: The front foot is one and a half feet away from the starting line, and the back foot is one and a half feet away from the toes of the front foot. (For beginners or non-high-level athletes).

Elongated: The front foot is one foot away from the starting line, and the back foot is two feet away from the toe of the front foot. (For players with more leg strength and longer leg length).

There is also a proximity type: the front foot is one foot away from the starting line, and the back foot is one foot distance from the toe of the front foot. (For athletes who are smaller and have a slightly greater upper body strength).

Note: The average high-level athlete has a starting distance that suits them, not just a textbook starting style. Through the test of various data, as well as your own flexibility, comfort, explosive strength, etc., you can determine the most suitable starting distance for you.

1. Original development.

Calculators are the earliest calculation tools, for example: quipu or khipu was a knotted rope method used by the ancient Incas to count or record history. It is made of knots of many colors.

There are also Antikythera devices of the ancient Greeks, Chinese abacus, etc. One of the earliest calculation tools used in ancient China was called Planning, also known as Calculation.

This kind of calculation chip is mostly made of bamboo, and some use wood and animal bones as materials. A bunch of about 270 pieces can be carried around in a cloth bag.

The abacus, which is still in use today, is another invention in the field of ancient Chinese computing tools, and the abacus in the Ming Dynasty has become almost identical to the modern abacus.

2. Modern development.

Early calculators were purely manual, such as abacus, abacus, etc. Abacus is usually made of sliding beads. In the West, the abacus was used for centuries before Arabic numerals became popular in India, and is still widely used in bookkeeping and commerce in modern China.

Later came the mechanical calculator. At the beginning of the 17th century, there was a great development of calculation tools in Western countries, and the English mathematician Napier invented them"Napier counts", the English priest Ochhard invented the cylindrical logarithmic ruler.

This kind of slide rule can not only do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, multiplication, square operation, and even calculate trigonometric functions, exponential functions and logarithmic functions, these calculation tools not only drive the development of calculators, but also lay a good foundation for the development of modern calculators.

It has become a widely used computing tool in modern society. In 1642, at the age of 19, the great French scientist Pascaline invented the first mechanical calculator with interlocking gears in his calculator.

A gear that turns ten digits will turn another gear by one digit, people can dial the number in like dialing, and the calculation result will appear in another window, but only add and subtract calculations.

In 1694, Leibniz improved it in Germany to allow multiplication and division calculations. After that, it was not until the end of the 50s of the 20th century that electronic calculators appeared.

In the 19th century, Babbage took the concept of a computing tool even further and tried to create the first programmable calculator, but the machine he built was too heavy to operate. In the 20th century, since the 70s of the 20th century, microprocessor technology has been absorbed into the computer manufacturing process.

The original microprocessor was produced by Intel in 1971 for a Japanese computer company called Busicom ( ), and in 1972 HP introduced the first handheld scientific calculator, the HP-35.