What is a neutron source What is a neutron source

A neutron source is a device capable of generating neutrons, and it is necessary equipment for conducting neutron physics experiments such as neutron nuclear reactions and neutron diffraction. To study the structure of matter with neutrons, there must be a proper source of neutrons. The earliest radioisotope neutron sources were used, but they were less intense and had a limited lifespan.

The main source of neutrons used in the study of neutron nuclear physics in the 20th century was the neutrons produced by bombarding the target with a charged particle beam generated by a low-energy particle accelerator.

First, the pulsability is good, but the neutron generation efficiency is low. Reactor neutron sources have high neutron fluxes and are the most widely used, but their maximum neutron fluxes are limited due to the limitations of reactor heat dissipation technology. The advent of the Spallation Neutron Source has broken through the limits of the neutron flux of the reactor neutron source.

When high-energy particles, such as high-energy protons, bombard the nucleus of a heavy atom, some of the neutrons are "stripped away", or bombarded out, a process called spallation. Compared with the fission reaction, the energy released by the spallation reaction is lower, but it can break a nucleus into several pieces, and in the process, neutrons, protons, mesons, neutrinos, etc. will be produced, which is conducive to the research and application of cutting-edge topics in nuclear physics, and the secondary neutrons will also interact with the adjacent target nucleus to produce neutrons - that is, the extranuclear cascade. A proton can produce about 20 to 30 neutrons after hitting the target, which is the basic condition for spallation neutron sources.

Since the 80s of the last century, the spallation neutron source driven by the proton accelerator has gradually entered the stage of practical application. The principle is relatively simple, using a high-energy and high-current proton accelerator to generate about 1 gev of protons to bombard heavy element targets (such as tungsten or uranium), and produce a spallation reaction in the target.

A neutron source is a device that emits neutrons.

A neutron source is a device that emits neutrons. There are many types of neutron sources, ranging from hand-held radioactive sources to research reactors and fission sources at neutron research facilities. Depending on the neutron energy, neutron flux, size, cost, and regulation of the equipment, these devices have a wide range of uses in physics, engineering, medicine, nuclear beams, petroleum exploration, bio-clearing, chemical, nuclear power, and other industries.

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