What is the direction, goal and object of modern philosophy?

Philosophy (Greek: Philosophy

It is the study of fundamental and universal issues. According to its word, it has the meaning of love and wisdom. Rong philosophy is a cosmology with a rigorous logical system, which studies the nature of the universe, the general laws of the evolution of everything in the universe, the position of man in the universe, and other very basic issues.

In academia, there is no universally accepted definition of the term philosophy, and it is not foreseeable that there will be an agreed definition.

Is it that the world has two sides, subjective and objective, and each other is the direction?

The Bai philosophy is strict.

The DU cosmology of the dense logic system, which studies the nature of the universe and the evolution of everything in the universe.

Some very basic questions such as the general law, the position of man in the universe, and so on.

Modern Western philosophy generally refers to Western philosophy from Hegel to the present day. It is characterized by many new schools, profound changes in the way of thinking, close relationship with modern science and technology and humanities, great influence on China's realistic thought, and close to the development of future philosophy.

Philosophy has developed to the present day, no matter which school of thought, comes from one of the two major currents of thought: scientism and humanism. These two major currents of thought are opposed to each other and form the development trajectory of modern philosophy, but the development of scientism and humanism has a common trend or trend, that is, from opposition to integration.

The material world is a world that develops and changes in the "four-dimensional space-time". This is the conclusive conclusion of the natural sciences.

As social beings, the "material attributes, spiritual attributes, and consciousness attributes" also develop and change in the "four-dimensional space-time". This is the conclusion of a social practitioner.

It is a pity that philosophy is still hovering in the "dialectic" stage of "two-dimensional theory", and even regressed to the "mechanistic" stage of "one-dimensional theory". This has led to the separation of modern philosophy and other social theories from the principles of natural science, and the separation of philosophical researchers from social practice, and then the formation of the contradiction between philosophical principles and the principles of natural science.

For example, the definition of "matter" in philosophy is inconsistent with the definition of "matter" in the natural sciences. This is a very wrong one.

Since Hegel discovered "dialectics (two-dimensionality)" and "dialectical idealism" in practice, Marx discovered and applied "dialectical materialism". "Dialectics" has given a powerful impact on "mechanism theory (one-dimensional theory)". In particular, the "dialectical materialism" of Marxism has criticized the "idealism" system in more depth.

In contemporary times, human beings have discovered in the exploration of the material world and human society that dialectics has great limitations and has led to various social problems. For example:

the evolution of the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe, and the severe polarization of the rich and the poor in the country. In practice, the germ of "four-dimensional theory" and "four-dimensional materialism" has already appeared, and the explorers have found that "subjective four-dimensional materialism" plays a more powerful role in promoting social practice.

The progress of human society is promoted by "discovery", through logical (mathematical logic and physical logic) thinking, and "invention" in accordance with the "four-dimensional theory" and the materialist world view.

We must build a scientific philosophical system, the philosophy of subjective four-dimensional materialism.

Subjective four-dimensional materialism recognizes that matter determines consciousness, consciousness has a reaction to matter, and people's subjective consciousness changes the world according to the four-dimensional theory, and is constrained by the laws of nature to promote the development and change of the objective world. Human beings are knowable to the objective world. Subjective four-dimensional materialism believes that people can recognize and grasp objective laws, and can use objective laws to change the world.

To develop Marxism, we must use the world outlook of "subjective four-dimensional materialism" and stand on the political standpoint of Marxism serving and benefiting the working class, understand and grasp "human nature" and "people-oriented," actively and deeply explore and discover in practice the universality and universal laws, as well as the particularity and special laws of various "material components" in the material world and human society, and design and create more advanced "material components" that are beneficial to mankind in order to benefit human society.

There is no need to overcomplicate the direction of philosophy. To put it simply, it is still a Marxist question. Rationale:

First, the time for establishing Marxist philosophy was short. Human philosophy has developed for thousands of years, but Marxist philosophy has only been around for more than 100 years. The second is popularization and popularization.

So far, for the whole world, Marxist philosophy has only been mastered by a group of social elites and some intellectuals, and Marxist philosophy has been developed in the course of practice, but it has not yet departed from the category of Marxist philosophical theory. And it is not acceptable to the majority of the world's population. This proves that it is not yet mature, and there is still room for development.

Third, the philosophical origins are profound, there are many schools, and the fact that Marxist philosophy can stand out from the crowd just proves that its theory is scientific and practical, as well as revolutionary and staged. According to the viewpoint that absolute truth is the sum total of relative truths, only when Marxist philosophy has developed to a certain stage can new philosophical theories be produced. As for the few dimensions of space-time, it is still God and Allah......And so on, are among the repeated exploration and practice, we can't complicate ourselves, laugh ......Go your own way with ease!

Philosophy is a superstructure, and its development must be determined by the economic base, that is, by the relations of production! In whatever direction the relations of production develop, the corresponding social philosophy develops!

Of course, due to different personal beliefs, different understandings of historical development, and different opinions on the direction of the development of philosophy, but on the whole, the development of philosophy, like other things, will have its own negation, there will be innovation, which is common!

Of course, I believe in communism, so I believe that philosophy will develop in the direction of Ma Zhe, but this is only a personal opinion).

People who study philosophy are quick in their thinking and have a wide range of perspectives. Therefore, there is a special expectation for the direction to figure out, but over time, these ideas will gradually fade. Because... Personal insight).

Only Ma Zhe saved China, developed China, and even the national fortune could be saved, not to mention waiting for that little fortune.

With the depth and breadth of people's understanding, it develops in depth.

Philosophy deals with the marginal issues of the known and the unknown, in antiquity, physics, medicine, phonetics, history. Politics, these can be considered marginal issues...Later, with the development, these problems can gradually become a complete discipline independent from philosophy, but human beings still continue to have new marginal problems, discuss these in philosophy, wait until you find a certain method, and then start to do some experiments, and then go out independently, although philosophy takes your brain, although reading those books allows you to master the way of thinking of many people, but this is not the purpose of reading, the real philosophy lies in yourself, how do you view these marginal issues, What's the solution you're giving is the point, if you're just copying someone else's mind like a computer, you're just a high-level hard drive.

When I was a child, I also thought that Western philosophy was orthodox, but now I know that a lot of text-based deductions are not the most important, and if the degree of mobilization of the brain is the criterion for distinguishing the high and low degrees of philosophy, then there is no point in the existence of mathematics in philosophy. To obtain the truth, it is not necessary to get knowledge through those definitions and concepts, you can get knowledge from books, and you can realize the truth more in life, and it is often more grounded than the strange and ethereal theories deduced in the mind, and Eastern philosophy seems to me to be such a thing, there are many older people in this world who do not read philosophy books at all, but their wisdom is very superb. <>

Let me tell you a little superficial personal understanding:

You may not necessarily think of science and philosophy as separate disciplines, but if you look at it from the perspective of the development of time and space, you may think that the origin of science is only a detailed part of the evolution of philosophy. Those old philosophical propositions may still be being asked in different ways, but not by the philosophers anymore; So the philosophies of the past, especially the Western philosophers, can sort out a clear line of thought, which will be very useful for you to understand why the world is the way it is. But there are more dross of them, such as Leibniz's monadism, Descartes's mental entity, Kant's transcendental view of space-time (which no longer explains the new problems that are being discovered today, but still dominates many people's worldview).

Therefore, I think it is very difficult to learn Western philosophy, not only to master a bunch of translated terms, but also to have a wide range of knowledge to choose, and in the end, it is just to understand the context; Of course, if you just want to use philosophy to solve the puzzles of life, then life is everywhere philosophy, go back to life, read life (or read a lot of books). You will definitely be able to find your own philosophy of life (in fact, I just want you to choose a truth from practice and use it to deceive yourself). Regardless of how much of Lao Zhuang's Confucius philosophy is a follow-up to posterity (or yourself), I would like to give you a piece of advice:

Try to analyze them in their original context, otherwise admit that your understanding of them is a product of your own situation. And that would explain why you think there's no difference between Nietzsche and Confucianism. I think it's because you have integrated them into your own comparison (the most classic is to compare Zhuangzi with existentialism, but the emergence of the word existence is probably only a modern thing); At the end of the day, contemporary philosophy is still about thinking about problems as it was before.

It's just that questions such as what the world is are called science, what is the human mind is called psychology, what language is, what consciousness is are all robbed by man. In the end, what is left of existence is that, after everyone has come to the conclusion that existence precedes essence, they begin to disperse. <>

According to the "two theories", Western philosophy and ancient philosophy are biased towards the world view, or "what" or "what" and "truth", and anyway, they have to ask and explain "what is and why".

So naturally, when "what" cannot be explained, it becomes theology, and when it can be explained, it becomes science......

In short, Western philosophy is biased from "what" to "how", and is biased towards "true" and then "good" ......

But we now know that science is the ...... that is best at "what" and "true".So philosophy had to give way, retreat, separate from science, and change course from the worldview—towards values, towards "how". To put it simply, philosophy has shifted from "what" and "true" to "how" ......and "good".

So now philosophy is studying justice and fairness all day long, "whether a car hits and kills 20 people on the right road, or 2 people on the fork in the road" and so on, it has become ......a mother-in-law and mother-in-law

There is no original philosophy in contemporary times, only scholarship that selects and processes existing philosophical conclusions.

Philosophy is actually to summarize and simplify the laws of the process of life and death on the surface of life

The question that runs through the development of philosophy and determines the basic nature of the various philosophical promptness is the basic question of philosophy, that is, the question of the relationship between thinking and being, so the correct answer is a;

b, c, and d are not frank and exciting;

Therefore, a is selected for this question

The path of the direction of philosophical development is not included in the (Sakura-en).

a.The pragmatist approach.

b.Language approach.

c.The way of the world.

d.The way of writing.

Correct answer: d