What is the basis of education, and what does basic education consist of?

Basic education is a dynamic concept. At present, China's de facto basic education refers to all forms of education before junior high school (including junior high school), in a narrow sense, it refers to nine-year compulsory education, and in a broad sense, it should also include family education (referred to as tutoring) and necessary social life knowledge education. Some people also classify high school education as basic education, but at present, China has not popularized this type of education, so in fact, high school education is not basic education.

With the improvement of China's level of development, it is expected that by 2020, high school education will be basically universal. In 1977, UNESCO held a seminar on advanced education programmes** in Nairobi, Kenya, which included a broad and in-depth discussion of basic education, which concluded that "basic education is the minimum basic education available to everyone and shared by all".

knowledge, perspectives, social norms and experiences". "It aims to enable each individual to realize his or her potential, creativity and critical spirit in order to achieve his or her ambitions and achieve well-being, and to be a useful citizen and producer, contributing to the development of the society to which he belongs". Basic education is a key part of the overall education system.

Just as a tall building rises from the ground, it is impossible to have excellent higher education without a good basic education.

The foundation of education includes two aspects, the first is the technology in education, that is, it refers to people, and the second is the technology of education, that is, it refers to things.

In our country, basic education includes early childhood education (generally 3 to 5 years old), compulsory education (generally 6 to 15 years old), upper secondary education (generally 16 to 19 years old), and literacy education.

Basic education is a national quality education for all students, and its fundamental purpose is to lay a solid foundation for improving the quality of the whole nation and for all school-age children and adolescents to learn for life and to participate in social life.

Education Profile:

Education refers to specially organized school education in a narrow sense; In a broad sense, it refers to social practice activities that affect people's physical and mental development. The Latin word educare is the ** of the Western word "education", which means "to elicit out".

In accordance with laws, regulations and industry norms, according to school conditions and professional titles, educators carry out education and cultivation of the mental development of the educated in a purposeful, planned and organized manner, teach people with existing experience and knowledge, and explain various phenomena, problems or behaviors for them, so as to improve their practical ability.

In it, people slowly move from sensory touch to cognitive understanding of a thing, and form a relatively perfect or rational self-conscious thinking. But at the same time, people have self-conscious thinking and their own sensory dimension, so any educational conscious thinking may not be absolutely correct, but should perceptually understand the direction of their thinking, as long as they do not deviate from the inner nature of things.

Education is also a kind of thinking teaching, and people because of their own ideology, and have a different thinking trend, therefore, education should be the most objective, the most fair consciousness of the mind to educate people, so that people's thinking will not be too deviant, and because of the richness of thinking and gradually mature, rational, and thus to the most rational self and have the most correct thinking cognition, this is the foundation of education.

Education is also a process of teaching and nurturing people, teaching others the most objective understanding, and then attaching to their own perceived values in their own life experiences. Education is a kind of practical activity to improve people's overall quality.

Technology empowers education, and education is for the future to cultivate talents. Education needs the latest information technology, and AI empowers education to bring AI into the classroom of the future.

The foundation of school education is the curriculum. The basic elements of education include the educator, the educated or the learner, and the educational influence. The foundation of school education includes the support of the state and local governments, including the cooperation of all aspects of society, and at the same time, it is inseparable from the home-school co-education of adults.

Curriculum is the specific performance of the school's blueprint for cultivating talents, the curriculum is the basic basis for teachers to engage in educational activities, the curriculum is the main basis for students to absorb knowledge, the reasonable curriculum plays a decisive role in the all-round development of students, and the curriculum is the main basis and standard for evaluating the quality of teaching.

Educational impact

Educational influence is the sum total of all intermediaries placed between the educator and the educated, including the influence acting on the educated and the ways and methods of using this influence, and is the instrument of educational practice.

An educator in a broad sense refers to a person who has an educational influence on the knowledge, skills, thoughts, and moral character of the educated. Educators in the narrow sense refer to those who are engaged in school education activities, in which teachers are the main body of school educators and are direct educators. Generally speaking, educators mainly refer to full-time teachers who are engaged in specialized education and teaching activities with certain qualifications at all levels and types of schools.

In educational activities, educators are in a position of leadership, control, and teaching.

There are four foundations of education: educators, educational methods, educational environment, and educational content.

1. Educator: It is the basic element of educational practice activities, the main body of educational practice activities, taking the educated as the object of teaching, taking the influence of education as a means, guiding and promoting the development and change of the body and mind of the educated as a reed branch as the purpose of the activity, and striving to make the physical and mental changes of the object of their "teaching" conform to their own social changes.

2. Educational methods: strategic approaches formed under the guidance of educational ideology, including teaching methods that teachers directly point to the content of education, guidance of students' learning methods, and methods of preschool education and family education.

3. Educational environment: In the environment where students live, use the environment to influence, including the material environment and the cultural environment.

4. Educational content: According to a certain social reality and future needs, follow the law of the physical and mental development of the younger generation, purposefully, planned, organized and systematically guide the educated to acquire knowledge and skills, cultivate ideological and moral character, and develop intelligence and physical strength, so as to train the educated to become people who adapt to a certain society, need and promote the development of society.

It is difficult to judge the quality of a school just by looking at the school building; It is difficult to conclude whether a student is suitable for school or not from the perspective of the curriculum alone; It is even more difficult to conclude whether an educational concept is advanced or backward from the perspective of the structure of teachers' academic qualifications, and what is the "foundation" of basic education. It's not looking left and right, what are you looking at?

A few days ago, I went to Shanghai Yunling Experimental Middle School, and although it was an interview, it was precisely the school's belief and practice of "not giving up on any student" that taught me an "unforgettable lesson." This school in Putuo District, in terms of school buildings, may not be as good as many schools nowadays, and in terms of students, it is not ideal. According to their survey, one of the most prominent points of the students is the "serious lack of self-confidence", those with a good academic foundation are disappointed that they fail to get into the "key points", and those with a poor academic foundation have no expectations of themselves.

However, Principal Huang Hai said: "Our education should be worthy of every student and every parent who sends their children to school, because our education has a direct impact on students."

To teach students, we must teach them on the spot. They loudly and clearly proposed that students should implement the spiritual reshaping project of "self-confidence and joy learning", and later took this as a sub-topic of "general junior high school self-confidence education" in the experiment of the Ministry of Education's "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key topic "Exploratory Research on New Basic Education for the 21st Century", and carried out research and practice for 9 years. They feel uneasy about the students' lack of self-confidence and suppressed feelings, and blame themselves for the students' boredom in school, and they take the students' lives'A major journey that takes charge and gives life to learning instills a strong source of self-confidence in students.

At the same time, teachers also use scientific self-confidence and art to study the grasp of the uncertainty of classroom teaching, think about the creation of classroom questions, and strive to dynamically generate the effect of classroom teaching. Let the campus become the best place for students to regain their self-confidence, turn the classroom into a competitive arena for students to verify "I can do it", and make teachers the guide for students' firm self-confidence.

It is true that basic education is to lay the foundation, and the foundation of this foundation is to enable students to have confidence in themselves, trust in others, and trust in the motherland. Without this foundation, education is flawed. Knowledge must be learned, skills must be learned, and life must be learned, and in this kind of "learning", self-confidence or not plays a very role.

We can't ask all students to be like test-taking tools and everyone is a champion, but we need students to be self-respecting, self-loving, self-confident and self-reliant; We can't ask schools to train students to be academicians and celebrities, but we need teachers to learn to respect and be kind; We cannot demand that education do everything, but we must have the right foundation for education. Therefore, in this sense, the "self-confidence and joy of learning" of "Yunling" and the "innovation" of its later development are precisely the practice of the ideal of basic education in micro education. What will happen to students in the future depends on the right time and place, but as long as they have self-confidence, they will have a foundation for development.

Basic education: The State stipulates the minimum amount of education that the population needs to receive.

The fundamental purpose of basic education is to lay a solid foundation for improving the quality of the whole nation and for all school-age children and adolescents to learn for life and participate in social life. Elementary education plays an overall, basic, and leading role in improving the quality of the Chinese nation, cultivating all kinds of talented people at all levels, and promoting socialist modernization.

Over the years, the state has adhered to the moderately advanced development of education, giving priority to basic education, and ensuring it as a key area for the development of infrastructure and education.

In China, basic education includes early childhood education (generally 3 to 5 years old), compulsory education (generally 6 to 15 years old), high school education (generally 16 to 19 years old), and literacy education. It covers compulsory education at the primary and junior high school levels, which has the characteristics of universality, publicity, and compulsion, and is an education that all school-age children and adolescents must receive in a unified manner implemented by the state, and is a public welfare undertaking that the state must guarantee.

Value evaluation

The so-called independent value of basic education refers to the value of basic education within the entire education system, which is independent of other types and levels of education. The establishment of such a value on basic education is a very important conceptual basis for promoting the transformation of basic education from "examination-oriented education" to "quality education".

One of the important reasons why the phenomenon of "examination-oriented education" persists so tenaciously in schools and why key schools are becoming more and more popular is that they do not fully realize the independent value of basic education, but only attach the value of basic education to higher level education, and take whether they can provide more and better students for higher education or schools as the criterion for measuring their value. This is, in effect, the renunciation of the independent value of basic education. Thus, the most fundamental meaning of basic education is denied.