What are the principles of trains and cars, respectively

Everybody has to use wheels.

It's not that I don't want to answer seriously, it's that the questions you ask are too nonsensical and confusing. Trains and cars are very complex objects, and if you simply ask them what the principle is, it's the same as asking what the earth is made of. Because there's so much bread here.

Trains and automobiles are powered by energy on land on round wheels and by internal combustion engines.

A vehicle powered by power.

The bogie of the train gets stuck on the track and travels along the track, and when it turns, the bogie turns to keep the train moving along the track. 62616964757a686964616fe58685e5aeb931333337613239 The outer rail is higher than the inner rail when turning.

The original trains were pulled by ropes or horses. By the 19th century, most trains were pulled by steam locomotives. After the 1940s, steam locomotives were gradually replaced by diesel locomotives, which were cleaner and required less labour, and later electric locomotives and EMUs appeared.

The initial investment in electrified railways is significant, but the operating costs are the lowest per mile. Therefore, only high-traffic lines are suitable for electrification. Electrified trains may use overhead cables or third rails for electricity.

The efficiency of the power locomotive is calculated by dividing the unit kilowatt (kW) by the weight metric ton (ton) that can be towed, which is called the traction capacity ratio, and the steam locomotive has the lowest efficiency, followed by the diesel locomotive (the electric transmission is more efficient than the hydraulic transmission), and the electric locomotive or electric combination is relatively more economical. This is because no additional kinetic energy is required to pull the engine that generates power.

The traction kinetic energy ratio from small platoon to large is: (passenger aircraft, motorcycles, general family cars, trucks running on the road, agricultural tractors, trailers,) steam locomotives, diesel hydraulic transmission locomotives, diesel-electric transmission locomotives, electric locomotives, diesel EMUs, high-speed rail EMUs, electric EMUs (passenger ships, fishing boats, oil tankers).

If the cost of unit fuel or unit power is considered to operate rail vehicles, it is the best economic benefit of energy use to do interval operation in groups, that is, 4 cars in a group. Commuter intermodal buses that stop at every stop are the most profitable.

The principle is that the diesel locomotive burns diesel, and the electric locomotive uses electricity, which is characterized by high speed and high horsepower.

the principles and characteristics of trains;

Train, one of the modern means of human transportation, is a model of human use of fossil energy transportation. Refers to a vehicle that travels on a railway track, usually consisting of multiple carriages.

The most important mechanical vehicle in human history, known as the steam locomotive in the early days, had independent tracks. Railway trains can be divided into freight cars, passenger cars, and passenger cars according to the load.

Although the diesel locomotive was born relatively late, it came from behind and was valued by people because of its ability to excel at the steam locomotive, the big brother of the train family. Its outstanding advantages are:

1.Fast speed: Diesel locomotives start quickly and accelerate quickly. In general, steam locomotives have a maximum speed of 110 kilometers per hour, while diesel locomotives can reach a maximum speed of 200 kilometers per hour, increasing the railway passing capacity by more than 35%.

2.High horsepower: The power of steam locomotives is generally about 3000 horsepower, while diesel locomotives can reach 5000 8000 horsepower, so the carrying capacity is more.

3.It can make better use of the thermal energy of the fuel: the thermal efficiency of the steam locomotive is generally only about 7%, while the diesel locomotive can reach about 38%, which is improved by 6 times, thus saving a lot of fuel.

4.Suitable for use in water-scarce areas: steam locomotives are the "king" of water, and a train consumes 3 4 tons of water every 10 kilometers traveled on average.

Passing through arid water-scarce areas, trains need to bring their own water. According to statistics, if there are 10 carriages running a train in a water-scarce area, 3 of them are used to carry water. The diesel locomotive used to cool the water only needs a few hundred kilograms for recycling, and the diesel locomotive can travel 1,000 kilometers continuously on the water, so it is known as the "iron camel".

5.Convenient driving and operation: The driver of the internal combustion engine does not need to add coal and water like a steam locomotive, and the cab is bright and spacious, and the driver has a wide field of vision when operating, which is convenient and safe.

The difference between an ordinary bai train and an EMU is that in a single EMU, there are many boxes with power (dao) in addition to the front of the train

Therefore, it is called a bullet train, and the version is also fast) ordinary fire power car only has a power ...... the front of the carNow most of the electricity drives the ......Diesel locomotives are diesel engines ......

The train runs on the track, but the friction is actually quite small......In fact, the rails can also be made smoother, but the train should run fast, and the friction of the front of the locomotive should not be too small, otherwise it will not be able to run > When the train starts, the front of the locomotive pulls the first carriage first (because there is a little distance between the first car and the second car, so the second car is not stressed in a short time, and wait until the speed of the first car increases. Start pulling the second car, and so on ......When the train starts or stops, you will hear a continuous sound of knock knock, which is the process).

The inner ring of a train wheel is ...... larger in diameter than the outer ringIt's a ...... stuck on a railI can't fall down, I can't draw it.

There can be many tracks for trains, but for trains that are running, there is only one track in front of them.

At the intersection in the sub-road section, there will be a staff according to the dispatch room or the plan list to adjust the turnout according to the time, and the train can change the track in the turnout section and walk to the line that should be taken. So for a running train, there is only one passable track ahead.

Trains don't have to figure out which way to go. It's just that there needs to be a proper deceleration in and out of the station and the breakout section.

The issue has been resolved and is ready for adoption.

The wheels and rails are tightly bonded after thermal expansion and cold contraction.

Heat engine, work heating, energy conversion, traction start.

The train is started by using the principle of AC and DC electric locomotive action

The locomotive battery is used for 96V starting, and the 80kW starting generator is available. Start the generator engine car diesel engine, the diesel engine runs to drive the synchronous main generator to run, the 45kw induction sub-exciter outputs direct current to the synchronous main generator rotor through rectification, and the main generator generates electricity normally, (when the diesel engine is running.

The starting generator is converted into a separately excited generator to run and emit 110V constant direct current, which supplies the air compressor and some locomotive auxiliary equipment, and then charges the locomotive battery), and the synchronous main generator emits three-phase alternating current, which passes through the main rectifier cabinet to supply six DC traction motors, and finally, the locomotive starts.

Converts air into vapor to start.

The locomotive pulls and the carriage follows. At present, the front of the car is mainly driven by an electric motor.

What about the original steam-type? It is powered by steam, and now it is changed to oil, which is very energetic, and it turns out that steam is fun.

1.The power ** is the same as all vehicles at this stage, which is the combustion of fossil fuels: for example, the diesel locomotive has a high-power diesel engine in the belly (I have heard of 24 cylinders and 30 cylinders), and then transmits it to the wheels through the electric drive (that is, the generator is connected to the electric motor on the wheels).

The electric locomotive is to bring the electricity from the power plant down from the catenary through the pantograph and then transmit it to the motor on the wheels through the transformer and inverter.

2.The horizontal one is called a sleeper, and the first function is to maintain the track gauge, because only the fixed track gauge has a binding effect on the train. The secondary role of the sleeper is to bear the load, transmit the vibration, etc., and the stone below is a part of the roadbed, and the role is also to bear the load and bear the impact.

3.Drivers can obtain information such as the signal ahead, the speed limit of the line, the ramp of the line, and the direction of the switch ahead from the on-board signaling equipment, and keep in touch with the stations along the route to confirm these confidences, and finally drive based on this information.

4.The pointing of the turnouts in the station, whether the signal is open or not, whether there is a train occupied on the path (called the approach) through which the train is to pass, whether the equipment is faulty, and whether there is a conflict with the path of other trains are ensured through a set of interrelated logic (interlocking relationship). (For example, if there is a broken track on the approach of the train, the red light strip prompt information will be realized on the console, and the relevant inbound signal will be automatically turned off) that is to say, the turnout that can make the train change lanes is controlled by the stations along the way, and in the process of preparing for the approach, the turnout will automatically point to the direction of the train, and after all the equipment is ready, the inbound signal will be automatically opened and allowed to enter the station.

The driver cannot control the direction of the train, but can only confirm the direction with the station and check with the equipment.

5.The tracks between stations are called sections, and there are no switches in the sections.

6.The train runs most of the time in the section, during which the driver obtains the distance allowed to run in front of the driver, what the recommended speed is, and what the speed limit of the line is. The driver drives according to the information on the device, and the train will automatically brake and stop in an emergency manner if it is speeding or braking in time (it feels similar to following a car on a highway with only one lane, but you can't see the car in front of you, and you can only judge by the equipment.)

7.The vehicles (that is, the carriages) of the train are connected by couplers, and the brake pipes are also connected between the vehicles (which contain compressed air to transmit the power of the carriage braking and the braking command), and there are other cables between the passenger cars to transmit information and electricity for lighting and air conditioning.

Switzerland has successfully developed a new type of fuel turbine locomotive, which is fueled by diesel. And the structure is simple, the vibration is small, and the operation performance is good, so it is widely used in industrial countries. Since the 10s of the 21st century, countries have vigorously developed high-speed trains, such as the high-speed train from Paris to Lyon in France, with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour; The high-speed train from Tokyo to Morioka in Japan also reaches more than 250 kilometers.

People are still greedy and dissatisfied with such high-speed trains. France, Germany and other countries took the lead in developing maglev trains. China has also built the world's first commercial maglev train line in Shanghai, from Longyang Road Metro Station to Pudong Airport.

This line loses hundreds of millions of yuan every year. These trains are suspended on tracks and can reach speeds of up to 400,500 kilometres per hour, but they consume a lot of energy and radiation.

The locomotive battery is used for 96V starting, and the 80kW starting generator is available. Start the generator engine car diesel engine, and the diesel engine runs to drive the synchronous main generator to runThe 45kw induction sub-exciter outputs direct current through rectification.

The rotor of the synchronous main generator is excited, and the main generator generates electricity normally;

When the diesel engine is running, the starting generator is converted into an other-excited generator to run and emit 110V constant direct current, which is supplied to the air compressor and some locomotive auxiliary equipment, and then charged the locomotive battery), and the synchronous main generator emits three-phase alternating current.

After passing through the main rectifier cabinet, six DC traction motors are supplied, and finally, the locomotive is started.