Please help translate a piece of chemical professional literature!!

In recent decades, the development and utilization of natural polymers has attracted increasing attention due to the overexploitation and consumption of non-renewable resources. Cellulose, which contains -(1 4) glucose repeat units, is the largest biological resource [1-3] and has been widely used in industrial fields such as the fiber, paper, textile, and food industries [4-6]. However, natural cellulose is highly crystalline, and the strong intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds caused by the hydroxyl group make cellulose insoluble in water and general organic solvents, and these properties affect their development and utilization.

Therefore, the research and development of cellulose derivatives that can be dissolved in environmentally friendly solvents, especially those that can react homogeneously, has become a hot topic [5, 8].

Due to the degradability and low toxicity of ionic solutions, they are considered to be environmentally friendly solvents with potential for sustainable processes. In addition, compared to volatile solvents, ionic liquids take full advantage of the characteristics of mixability: a wide fusion of anions and cations [13], lower hydrophobicity, low viscosity, higher electrochemical and thermal stability, and non-flammability.

As a result, ionic liquids are increasingly being utilized by industrial fields, including chemical reactions, electrochemistry, inorganic nanomaterials, separation analysis, and the food industry, which have attracted more attention.

In 2002, Rogers discovered that cellulose is soluble in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylpolychloride ([C4MIM]C1), a discovery that opened up a new approach to the development of cellulose solvent systems. In recent years, ionic solutions have begun to be used in the processing of fibrous materials, the study of cellulose dissolution, the study of homogeneous derivatives of cellulose and the study of chemical modification, but the number is quite limited. This article reviews the dissolution and functional modification of cellulose in ionic solutions, with the aim of promoting the research and application of ionic solutions in the field of cellulose materials....

Dude, this translation is long, and I guess no one will do such a thankless job.

1. Definition of instructional design.

1。ID is a broad interpretation that includes the planning, implementation, evaluation, and management of activities collected with the aim of promoting learning and performance in the environment. The ID card encompasses a range of interdependent situations, including setting up and evaluating and problem identification, analysis and design, development and production, evaluation, management and learning processes to maintain and identify complex activities.

Instructional design is the process of effective planning and productive learning of instructional systems. It should guide the learner to a comprehensive insight into the learning stages required for further learning.

Instructional design is the systematic process of translating the general principles of planning into the learning and teaching materials of teaching materials and learning.

The term instructional system design is defined as having a general description of the design process. The design phase is often represented as a flowing diagram or model that will be followed by the design of the teaching material. The approach of the teaching system is a development of the planning and teaching process that enables the study and use of learning theories by staff as a means of testing for improved teaching practice.

Instructional system design (ISU) is an organized process that includes the steps of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instruction.

Instructional Design Concepts Abroad:

Instructional design is the development of learning needs and objectives and delivery systems (instructional materials and activities) to meet the whole process of needs analysis.

Nguyen Vinh Briggs.

Instructional design refers to the systematic process of translating into plans and guidelines for teaching materials and learning activities.

Sports belong to Smith.

Instructional design can be defined as the creation of development, evaluation and learning situations, which facilitate the detailed normative scientific maintenance of large and small unity of the subject.

Ridge River Instructional Design is a discipline related to understanding and improving the teaching process.

The purpose of any design activity is to develop the best means to achieve the desired end. Therefore, the discipline of instructional design is primarily concerned with prescribing instruction and making the best way to make changes in students' knowledge and skills.

Three meters reigeluth

Definition of instructional design.

1。The ID card is broad and includes a set of activities that explain the planning, implementation, evaluation and management of activities and environments designed to promote learning and performance. The ID card encompasses a set of interdependent, complex activities, including situational assessment and problem identification, analysis, design, development, production, evaluation, management, and maintenance of learning processes and efforts for the ID card.

Instructional design is an effective guide and productive learning in the process of system planning. It should help students to achieve the required level of learning with insight and further learning.

Instructional design is a systematic general principle of translating learning and instructional plans in the process of learning and learning in instructional materials.

This term defines instructional system design with a general description of the design process. The design phase is often expressed as flowcharts or instructional materials that must be followed in the design of the model. A systematic approach to teaching and learning is one of continuous planning and development, the use of research and learning theories, and the use of empirical evidence as a means of improvement guidance.

Instructional System Design (UNIS) is an organized process that includes step-by-step analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation guidance.

Instructional Design Concepts Abroad:

The whole process of instructional design is to analyze the learning needs and goals of students, develop and deliver systems (instructional materials and activities) to meet the needs of the affected population.

l . j .Briggs.

Instructional design refers to the process of systematizing the principles of translation in learning and teaching planning in instructional materials and activities.

Smith P l .

Instructional design can be defined as the scientific chromium.

· Human translation, please review.

4-dimethoxybromobenzene (bromorescarf) has been prepared from the bromination of phthalenes (veratrolis) in one step, brominated with air-diluted bromine vapor in glacial acetic acid, with bromine in carbon tetrachloride and with n-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride. The latter approach appears to be the most preferable, as the mild bromination of bromimide will eliminate or minimize the two disadvantages of the other two methods, i.e., demethylation of aryl ethers and/or debromination. However, Buu-Hoi's procedure (1) was not entirely satisfactory as more than 100 excess veratrol ethers were used.

As a result, the process wastes resveratrol ether and has unnecessary complexity in isolating the introduced product. The method has been modified, 1) by using an equal molar amount of reactant, and 2) by reducing the volume of solvent relative to bromide. These modifications increased the yield of 4-Resver from a theoretical 61% to 83-86, as described in the experimental section.

A small amount of 4,5-dibromoresveratrol ether is produced as a by-product.

Experiment 69 g (mol) of veratrol ether (Eastman Kodak 274), 80 ml of carbon tetrachloride (Merck Reagent), and 89 g (mol) of N-bromosuccinimide (Matheson 6123) were placed in a 500 ml round-bottom flask fitted with a reflux condenser (protected by a desiccating tube of calcium chloride). The mixture is heated under reflux on a steam bath for 6 h and left overnight at room temperature. The succinimide was separated from the dark red solution by suction filtration, sintered with a glass funnel with medium porosity, and washed with three parts of 20 ml of carbon tetrachloride.

Carbon tetrachloride is removed from the combined filtrate and scrubbing by distillation at atmospheric pressure.

The residue is fractionated with vaczlo to obtain 93 grams (8670) of 4-bromoresveratrol, a colorless to pale yellow oil with a boiling point of 761 mm at 5 mm; The estimate is the refractive index). After distillation is complete and the system has cooled, a small amount of light yellow material crystallizes on the upper wall of the retort. A part of this substance, recrystallized from ethanol, was identified by a melting point of 88-90C (alone) and a melting point of 90-92C in a real sample with a melting point of 91-92C was identified as 4,5-dibromoresver.

Refraction of a fraction of 4-bromoresver ether yields a colorless product, boiling point: at millimeters for ; n：; d2：，。

4-bromoveratrole has been prepared in one step from the brorni national air dilution of brorni from veratrol ether in glacial acetic acid (2), with bromine. carbon tetrachloride (4) and carbon tetrachloride with N-bromosuccinin ide (1). The latter method seems to be the most ideal since mild bromination of its brother noimide should be eliminated or reduced by other methods, i.e., methylation and or the aromatic ether of nickel NAT ions.

However, the Buu Sea"；Procedure (1) is not entirely satisfactory because more than 100% excess of methoxybenzene has been used. This process is to make the product introduction of wasting veratrol ether and unnecessary complexity in separating cations. The method is modified (a) with an equal molar amount of reactant, and (b) by reducing the relative volume of the solvent bromoimide.

The 4-bromoveratrole yield of these modifications increased from 61% to 83-86% theory ( ) is described in the experimental section. A by-product of the formation of a small amount of 4,5-di-bromomethoxybenzene (3).

Experiments with 609 g (mol) of resveratrol ether (Eastman Kodak 274), 80 ml of carbon tetrachloride (Merck's reagent), and 89 g (mol) of bromosuccinimide (Yanghang 6123) were placed in a 500 ml round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser protected by a calciunl chloride drying tube. The mixture is heated back under reflux in a steam bath for six hours and allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. This is the State Environmental Protection Administration rated succinimide for the crimson solution by suction filtration, with a medium porosity porous glass funnel, and three 20 ml.

Partial carbon tetrachloride wash. Carbon tetrachloride is distilled from atmospheric pressure of the combined filtrate and wash. Residual fractionation yields 93 g in vaczlo.

8670) as a colorless to pale 4-bromoveratrole.

Yellow oil, bp"；at 5 mm. （ "；at 761 mm. ）；CNC -

After distillation, the complete system has cooled the upper walls of a small amount of yellowish crystallization kettle material. This part of the recrystallized substance, ethanol, was identified by the gendarmerie 88-90" 4,5-dibromoveratrole；c.Alone and gendarmerie 90-92"；The melting point of the admixture is 91-92 for the authentic sample (3).

Part of the 4-bromoveratrole pleats gives a colorless product, the company"；in millimeters. n：；；Kind.

Can be translated with Ringers software.

Based on our experimental data, it was found that the possible mechanism of toluene oxide in platinum and palladium stainless steel catalysts.

It can be expressed as follows: The above schematic diagram of the catalytic oxidation process of toluene shows that platinum palladium stainless steel.

In all probability. Catalyst.

Release in disadsorption?

h] and adsorption [o]. It may be inferred that precious metal oxides are present.

The surface of the catalyst during the oxidation reaction.

PTO2 and PDO) plays.

The positive redox effect, at the same time, the influence of the anodized film can not be ignored.

Landlord, you need to add a question. Do you ask someone to translate it into English for you or some other minor language? Translating these two words, the scope is too big!