Mencius used the analogy of 50 steps and 100 steps of laughter, implicitly illustrating what questio

It illustrates the question of why the population of the country he ruled did not increase (he thought that if he issued a decree to deal with natural disasters and other countries did not, he should win the hearts of the people and increase the population, and the population of neighboring countries should move). Mencius, on the other hand, thought that he did not govern benevolently, but thought that population growth was only fifty steps and a hundred steps of laughter.

The same person who escaped, but one walked closer, and the other walked farther, all of them were the same hill dogs, and they were the same color.

The widow is also devoted to the country. If Hanoi is fierce, move its people to the east of the river and move it.

Su in Hanoi. The same is true of Hedong. Those who observe the politics of neighboring countries are not as good as those who have the intentions of a few people. The people of the neighbouring countries are not few, but they are few.

If the people of men do not add more, why not? ”

The original text is from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang".

If the people of the neighbouring countries do not add less, and the people of the few do not increase more?

Translation (quoted from Huaxia Graticule).

King Hui of Liang drove his people to war with their neighbors. Once King Hui of Liang summoned Mencius and asked, "I am in power, and I can be said to be dedicated to the governance of the country."

In Hanoi (present-day on the north bank of the Yellow River in Henan Province), where there was a perennial famine and the harvest was not good, I moved some of the people there to Hedong, where the harvest was better, and transported some of the grain from the Hedong area where the harvest was better to Hanoi, so that the people in the famine area in Hanoi would not starve to death. Sometimes there is a disaster year in Hedong and the grain harvest fails, and I do the same, transferring grain from other places to Hedong to solve the problem of the people's lack of rice. I have also seen the behavior of those in power in neighboring countries, and none of them have been as dedicated to the interests of their own people as I am.

But what is the reason why the people of the neighbouring countries have not decreased, and my people have not increased? ”

Mencius said, "The king likes to fight, so let me use war as an analogy." On the battlefield, the two armies faced each other, and as soon as the battle began, the war drums beat loudly, and the two sides of the battle fought against each other, each bravely assassinating the other.

After a fierce fight, the victor chased and killed fiercely, and the loser threw away his armor and fled with his weapons. Some of the fleeing soldiers ran as fast as they could, and after a hundred paces they stopped; Some ran slowly, and after running fifty miles, they stopped. Do you think that the slower soldiers, who have run a hundred paces, are cowards after running only fifty paces?

King Liang Hui said: "No, they just didn't run a hundred steps, but this is also an escape!" ”

Mencius said, "If the king understands this, then there is no need to wish that the people of your country are greater than those of your neighbors." ”

3] Implication: When looking at things, we should see the essence and overall situation of things, not just the surface and the part. The king of the neighboring country does not care about the life of the common people during the famine, and is a king who does not love the people. King Hui of Liang often mobilized the people to fight, causing the people to live poorly, and he was still a monarch who did not love the people.

4] Philosophy: We cannot examine quantitative change alone from qualitative change, nor can we grasp the essence of things by calling for change by quantity alone.

Answer] :d Examination Points] This question examines the argumentation method of the work.

Exam Guidance] Mencius used the metaphor of "fifty steps and a hundred steps of laughter" to compare the method of governing King Hui of Liang with his neighbors, which is not qualitatively different from that of his neighbors.

This story is from the book Mencius, and later generations found it very interesting, so they used the idiom of 50 steps and 100 steps to use as a metaphor for those who appear to be of different degrees, but in fact they fail or do the same wrong.

Fifty steps and one hundred steps, also known as fifty laughing hundred, is a fable from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang", Mencius in the dialogue with King Hui of Liang, said that the soldiers retreated in front of the battle, one person retreated fifty steps, the other retreated a hundred steps, the former ridiculed the latter for not being useful, as a metaphor for ridiculing others when they made mistakes, they also made the same mistakes, but to a lesser extent.

During the Warring States Period, the princely kingdoms all adopted the strategy of combining vertical and horizontal, and attacked from afar and closely.

The wars have continued for many years, but they have suffered the common people of various countries. Mencius saw this, and decided to travel around the world to persuade those warlike monarchs. Mencius came to the kingdom of Liang to meet the warlike King Hui of Liang.

King Hui of Liang said to Mencius, "What is the reason why I have bothered to govern the country and love the people, but I have not seen the number of people increase?" Mencius said

Let me use the analogy of war!

When the two armies meet on the battlefield, it is inevitable that there will be a fight. As a result of the fight, the defeated side will inevitably abandon its armor and run for its life. Suppose a soldier runs slowly, only 50 paces, but laughs at the soldier who runs 100 paces as 'greedy for life and afraid of death'.

After Mencius finished telling the story, he asked King Hui of Liang, "Is this right?" King Liang Hui immediately said

Of course not! Mencius said, "Although you love the people, but you like to fight, the people will suffer."

It's the same as fifty steps. ”

It is a metaphor for having the same shortcomings and mistakes as others, but to a lesser extent, but laughing at others without self-awareness.

Escaping fifty steps and escaping a hundred steps, although there is a difference in numbers, are essentially the same - both are fleeing. Although King Hui of Liang gave a small favor to the people, he waged war and oppressed the people, and there was no essential difference between him and the tyrants of other countries in oppressing the people. This parable tells us to look at things as they are, and not to be fooled by superficial appearances.

Fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" is an idiom extracted from this parable.

King Liang Hui complained: "The widow is to the country, and he is dedicated to his ears, and if he is fierce in Hanoi, he will move his people to the east of the river and his millet to Hanoi... Observing the politics of neighboring countries, there is no one who has the intention of a few people... If the people of the widow do not add more, why not? Mencius did not directly issue the problem of "the people do not add more", but used the familiar example of the war of King Hui of Liang, that is, the two deserters "laughed at 50 steps and laughed at 100 steps" during the war, which cleverly satirized the warlike King Hui of Liang, and there was no difference between the "immigrant migrants" and the rulers of neighboring countries who were not satisfied with their governance.

It's just a difference in form, implying that King Liang Hui can't "make the people more" when he engages in small favors and small favors, and only by implementing benevolent government will the people of the world defect to Wei. "If the king's limb chain knew this, he would have no hope that the people would be more numerous than the neighbors."

Next, Mencius elaborated that the first step in the implementation of benevolent government is to "not violate the agricultural time", rationally develop production, so that the common people can "live and die without regrets", that is, "the beginning of the royal road". Mencius advocated that "a hundred acres of land, do not take it away, a family of eight can be hungry"; "If you don't violate the agricultural time, the grain can't be eaten." Mencius believed that only by formulating a corresponding land policy can the people be able to work on the land with peace of mind for generations, and with abundant material wealth, the country will be stable, and the throne of the emperor will be consolidated.

As with land policy and fishery policy, Mencius also proposed related policies in forestry. In ancient societies where coffins were the main burial materials, it was necessary to have a certain number of trees. In Mencius's consciousness, forests are not permanent resources, not arbitrarily and uncontrollably cut down, but according to a certain season, "axe into the mountains and forests," only to do step by step, the forest has time to grow again, in the long run, "timber can not be used".

Timber and wood are not enough, so that the people can bury their parents to fulfill their filial piety.