What is metaphysical do not be a moment.

In Marxist philosophy, "metaphysics" refers to a static, isolated, and one-sided view of problems, as opposed to "dialectics" to look at problems in a moral, developmental, and comprehensive way.

1 The word "metaphysics" comes from Aristotle: the word meta-physics, which means "after physics", that is, the question of the "essence", "origin", "ultimate cause", "first cause" of the world, that is, the ontological question, which is difficult for "physics" (science) to grasp. There is a saying among ancient Chinese scholars that "the metaphysical is the way, and the metaphysical is the qi (instrument)", the metaphysical is the "material" that constitutes specific things, which can be seen and touched, and is the "instrument", and the metaphysical is the "Tao", which is the "principle of all things", "the reason is in advance", and is the origin, which is very close to the connotation of meta-physics, so it is translated as "metaphysics".

2. In Marxist philosophy, metaphysics (static, isolated, one-sided view) refers to the philosophical outlook opposed to dialectics (the point of view of connection and development).

In our course, "metaphysics" is the second meaning; In the course of "Western Philosophy", it is the first meaning.

Metaphysics is the study of problems that cannot be confirmed and verified empirically, concepts such as "the nature of the world" and "the first entity" are concepts of metaphysical categories, and now metaphysics is often used to refer to the philosophical view that does not recognize movement because metaphysics has been trying to find out the eternal and immobile nature of the world, unlike dialectics, which sees movement and change as part of the nature of the world.

Originally:

The word "metaphysics" in European languages comes from Greek, such as "metaphysics" in English. The term was originally the name given to a work by Aristotle by Andronicus, a philosophy teacher on the island of Rhodes in ancient Greece, meaning "after physics." For Aristotle divided human knowledge into three parts, using the analogy of the tree:

The first part, the most basic part, which is the root, is metaphysics, which is the foundation of all knowledge; The second part is physics, like the trunk of a tree; The third part is the other natural sciences, which are compared to the branches.

Whereas. The Chinese translation of the name "metaphysics" is taken from the phrase "the metaphysical is the way, and the metaphysical is the instrument" in the I Ching. In fact, the meaning of metaphysics is the study of the "Tao" that governs everything, and the specific Western philosophy is the study of "being", which Aristotle also clearly pointed out in "Metaphysics".

Metaphysics is the study of existence as being. ”

There are two interpretations of metaphysics, the so-called metaphysics in the history of philosophy is a general view of the world by man.

Another explanation is not dialectic, it is opposed to dialectics, and it looks at problems with isolated and static thinking.

I am also puzzled by this, because the simple understanding in the narrow sense is independence, and the analysis and discussion of a certain thing as a separate individual that has no connection with the surrounding things is opposed to dialectical materialism.

Sometimes, however, the word and "abstraction" can also be used interchangeably to extract the essential characteristics of things.

It is a blind man touching an elephant, and in metaphysical materialism, it refers to rigidity and inflexibility.

The study of the body above. There is only the knowledge of acknowledging the existence of the conscious level

Derogatory terms

It's hard to explain in a few words, just look at Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi.

Metaphysics refers to the study of the nature of the world.

Metaphysics refers to the study of the causes and origins of all beings, phenomena, and especially abstract concepts. Metaphysics is the ancient speculative philosophy, the foundation of idealism. The main problems of metaphysics include:

What is the origin of the world, whether the soul exists, free will, cause and effect, etc.

Metaphysics is also known as mechanical materialism. There is a broad sense and a narrow sense, the broad sense refers to the materialist philosophy that explains the universe from a metaphysical point of view; In a narrow sense, it refers to the second form of materialism in the history of Western philosophy, that is, the materialist philosophy of the 16th and 18th centuries.

Metaphysical nature

First, mechanism, which reduces all motion to mechanical motion, attempts to explain all phenomena from the point of view of mechanics, and even regards humans and animals as machines governed by the laws of mechanics, so metaphysical materialism is also called mechanical materialism;

second, metaphysics, which sees everything as isolated from one another, inherently unevolving;

Third, intuitiveness, which lacks a practical perspective on the world and cognition;

Fourth, incompleteness: it only adheres to materialism in the view of nature, and falls into idealism in the view of history, and regards the spirit as the decisive force of social development.

Metaphysical theories, which say a lot, may still be difficult to understand.

Take a simple chestnut in life: take your clothes as an example: you buy a new piece of clothing, and after wearing it for a few days, it may become dirty (the dirty side of the clothes is actually a dialectic, there is a dirty side and a clean side of the orange world), how do you deal with it?

The general way is to wash the clothes (wash the dirty things off); Another way is to continue to wear (although the clothes are dirty, but you can continue to wear them), wear them until they are dirty and can't wear them (it's embarrassing to wear them), then throw away the clothes (this is the metaphysical way of dealing with them), and buy a new one (if you have money, you can make it).

This kind of example is actually everywhere in life, such as someone who is stubborn and underestimates himself or the environment (only sees the positive side, not the bad side; Materialist dialectics is to adhere to the two-point theory, adhere to the view of dialectical unity), and a bad consequence has occurred, that is, metaphysical rounding and reed-limb learning, as the old saying goes, "melons are not sweet at both ends" is actually a dialectical point of view; And "a twisted melon is not sweet" means that "metaphysical theories are not advisable"; "If you don't see the coffin, you won't cry, and if you don't see the Yellow River, you won't give up", which not only shows that you must stick to the end in doing things (if the direction is correct and the goal is consistent, this is not metaphysical), but if you are reckless and blindly persist, it is metaphysical.

Bigger, capitalism always says that it is eternal, which is actually the standard metaphysics, which is opposed to the materialist dialectics of Marxism, because Lao Ma's theory is for the proletariat, not for the bourgeoisie, so the bourgeoisie and imperialism are against Lao Ma's theory, and the bourgeoisie's favorite is metaphysical theory, because they can endlessly squeeze the ordinary people, the common people, and let them serve the people is simply to seek the skin of the tiger, they only recognize money, Only for the capital.

Metaphysics is an important branch of philosophical rulers, and it is the existence and essence that transcends the material world.

1.Beyond the Empirical Phenomenon:

Metaphysics is concerned with those realities and essences that transcend our everyday experience and perception. The primordial, ontological, and essential nature of its existence, as well as the reality that transcends the world of the senses. Metaphysical questions involve profound philosophical issues such as existence, ontology, time, space, causality, and so on.

2.Differences from natural sciences:

Metaphysics is distinguished from the natural sciences. The natural sciences are devoted to the study of observable phenomena and natural laws, while metaphysics transcends the empirical world and attempts to understand the fundamental nature of the universe and the fundamental problems of existence.

In layman's terms, metaphysics has two meanings. One refers to looking at things from an isolated, static, one-sided, superficial point of view. The second refers to the study of philosophy that relies solely on intuition (super-experience) to judge things, and sometimes refers to the study of the ontology of philosophy.

From the perspective of the historical process of the development of metaphysics, there are actually three forms of metaphysics: the ontology of the universe, the ontology of categories, and the ontology of meaning. In fact, what scientific reason rejects is mainly based on speculative fiction of the ontology of the universe.

In the post-metaphysical era, as far as the ontology of meaning is concerned, metaphysics has no end and will not end.

Branches of metaphysics

Ontology - the so-called ultimate reality outside of objective existence and all phenomena. For example, ontology can study the nature of an arbitrary object in any world.

Epistemology – A philosophical branch of the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.

Ancient cosmology - the generation and change of the universe, the structure of space-time and other issues. The ancient cosmology has not been replaced by the modern cosmology.

Metaphysics - the use of non-scientific means to speculate on the origin, evolution and nature of life, as well as the relationship between life and the universe and ultimate reality. For example, it is often said that the "unity of heaven and man" belongs to this category.

Metaphysics is a category of primitive philosophy, which refers to speculation about the nature of the invisible world that cannot be proved.

The significance of metaphysics in different contexts can be divided into two aspects: one refers to the study of the philosophical system of the non-objective or intangible world in a transcendental way of speculation, rather than the scientific study of the phenomena and laws of the real world; The other refers to the way of thinking that is opposed to dialectics and observes the world from an isolated, static point of view.