Zeng Gong: What rhetoric did Mo Chi Ji use?

In the east of the city of Linchuan, there is a hidden place that is high, and it is close to the river, and it is called the new city. Above the new city, there is a pond but the square is long, and it is said that Wang Xizhi's ink pool is called, and Xun Bozi's "Linchuan Ji" cloud is also. Xi Zhi tastes Zhang Zhi, learns from the pond, the pond is black, this is its old trace, how can it be believed that it is evil?

Fang Xizhi can't be forced, but taste the Orient, out of the sea, in order to entertain his intentions between the mountains and rivers, how can he wander unrestrained, and taste himself in this evil? The book of Xi is good at night, and its ability to cover it is also self-inflicted with energy, which is not natural. Then there is no one in the world who can reach it, how can he not learn as well as the evil?

Then how can there be less learning! Besides, those who want to further their morality are evil?

Above the ink pool, it is now a state school. Professor Wang Junsheng was afraid that it would not be in order, and the six characters of the book "The Ink Pool of the Right Army of the King of Jin" were revealed between the trees, and told Yu Gong and said: "I wish to remember."

Pushing the heart of the king, how can he love the goodness of people, although he can not be wasted, but because of his traces of evil? He also wants to push the matter to encourage his scholars to be evil? Mrs. has one ability, and so that future generations are still like this, and the legacy of the benevolent Zhuang Shi is how to be in the afterlife!

On September 12, the eighth year of Qingli, Zeng Gongji.

Ink Pond Notes: This article is a narrative written by the author at the invitation of Wang Shengzhi, a professor of Fuzhou State Studies. The article first introduces the conclusion that Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is created by hard work from the rumors of the ink pool, and then extends to the general truth that in order to learn and cultivate oneself, one must rely on hard work and further study.

The full text is small and big, concise and profound, with many questions and euphemism, which reflects the author's unique style.

Zeng Gong (1019 1083), the character is solid. Nanfeng people. Northern Song Dynasty essayist, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".

Zeng Gong's thought belongs to the Confucian system, and he agrees with the philosophical views of Confucius and Mencius, emphasizing "benevolence" and "sincerity", believing that as long as we follow the "golden mean" and introspect ourselves with an open mind and cultivate ourselves with sincerity, we can understand and dominate the world.

Zeng Gong's prose writing achievements were very high, and he was an active participant in the Northern Song Dynasty Poetry and Literature Reform Movement. He studied under Sima Qian, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, advocated "literature to clear the way", and promoted Ouyang Xiu's view of "letter and language" to historical literature and inscriptions. He said in the Preface to the Catalogue of the Book of Nanqi:

The so-called good history of the ancients must be clear enough to understand the reason of everything, its way must be enough to be suitable for the world, and its wisdom must be enough to understand the difficult feelings, and then it can be called also. He emphasized that only "those who have accumulated moral energy" can be able to express their feelings and write "enlightened" articles. Most of his prose is "Mingdao", and his style is known for being "quaint, fair, and peaceful".

Zeng Gong is also good at writing poems, with more than 400 poems handed down. His poems are either majestic and magnificent, or euphemistic and transcendent, all of which are profound and interesting.

This article, titled "The Ink Pool", focuses not on the "pool", but on the principle that achievements are not natural and must rely on hard study, and encourages scholars to study diligently. Taking the theory as the key to the goal of remembering, the staggered discussion and discussion, the unity of the outline, the novel and unique way of writing, and the fine and vigilant opinions, are rare masterpieces.

1. The reason for Wang Xizhi's success, "Gai is also self-inflicted with energy, not natural," that is, it is not "natural", but the result of hard work and hard work. This is the first meaning of this article. This layer of meaning is closely related to the meaning of the "ink pool" title, which should be the proper meaning of the title.

2. However, the main purpose of the article does not end there, and the author further deduces and deduces from this, (1) The same is true for learning calligraphy, and the same is true for "those who want to further their morality". From the study of calligraphy to moral cultivation, it is not a priori, but acquired. (2) From "people have one ability", but still for future generations to remember, it is extrapolated to "the legacy of the benevolent Zhuang Shi" will forever affect future generations.

It also extends from calligraphy to the morality of the manners, and from specific calligraphers to a wider range of people with lofty ideals, which is based on their influence on future generations.

1.**The reason for Wang Xizhi's success: "Those who are self-inflicted with their energy are not natural."

In other words, it is not "natural", but the result of hard work and hard work. This is the first meaning of this article. This layer of meaning is tightly tied to the meaning of the "ink pool" title, which should be the proper meaning of the question.

1) This is true for those who learn calligraphy, and the same is true for those who "want to further their morality." From the study of calligraphy to moral cultivation, the emphasis is not a priori, but acquired; (2) From "people have one ability", but still for future generations to remember, it is extrapolated to "the legacy of the benevolent Zhuang Shi" will forever affect future generations. It also extends from calligraphy to morality, from specific calligraphers to a wider range of people with lofty ideals, which is based on their influence on future generations.

These two inferences are extremely natural and not additional, showing Zeng Gong's broad-mindedness and superb insight. If it is a low-handed writing of this kind of tablet text, it is often a matter of facts, sticking to the inscription, and not knowing how to germinate and excavate. This is the second meaning of this article.

Shen Deqian commented on this article: "The intention is either in the question or outside the question, which makes people linger and appreciate it. (Eight Great Texts Reader, Vol. 28) "In the question" and "outside the topic" refer to the above two meanings respectively.

There are even more people who say that the "off-topic" is really still "in the question". These two meanings are not only small and large, but also logical to push the latter from the former; Moreover, from talking about calligraphy to talking about morality, from talking about nostalgia for calligraphers to admiring Xiande, they are all still intertwined with the theme. Why?

Because the old site of the ink pond is "now a state school"; The work of this article is again the author's request at the request of "Professor Wang Jun"; Again, the king's purpose was to "persuade his scholars." Therefore, the focus is on the word "勉". Therefore, from learning calligraphy to moral etiquette, it is natural to encourage the students.

If you stick to the "ink pool", stick to the general inscription, and only talk about calligraphy, you will die under the inscription, and even stay away from the original intention of remembering. Therefore, this second meaning, in terms of general practice, is "off-topic"; As far as this article is concerned, it is really still "in question".

1 Xinran: Yes. Goodness: Perfection.

2 However, no one in the future could catch up with (Wang Xizhi), perhaps because they were not as good as Wang Xizhi in their studies. (Meaning is right).

3 Wang Xizhi's calligraphy attainments were not innate, but reached maturity through diligent study and hard practice. (Or "then it is capable of covering itself with energy, and it is not natural.") ”）