What is the climate type in the Northwest Arid Zone Semi Arid Zone?

Temperate continental climate (Xinjiang).

Temperate desert climate (Tarim Basin).

Temperate grassland climate (Inner Mongolia grassland).

It is divided into thirteen climate types in the world.

It has a temperate continental climate.

The semi-arid region of the northwest arid region is controlled by continental air masses all year round and has a temperate continental climate.

The reason for the drought in the northwest region: the northwest region is located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, which is far away from the sea, and the humid air flow is difficult to reach the western inland area, coupled with the image of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in summer, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a heat source, and the surrounding area is a relatively cold source. In winter, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a cold source, and the surrounding area is relatively a heat source, and the cold air flow sinks, making the climate in the western region drier, and the western region is also affected by the cold Siberian air in winter.

The main causes of drought in Northwest China are the distribution of land and sea and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Fan Guangzhou, a researcher at the Institute of Environment and Engineering in Cold and Arid Regions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that 10,000 years ago, there was an ancient sea called the ParaTethys Sea, and its southeastern part penetrated deep into China's territory, causing changes in the distribution of sea and land, and the climate in its surrounding areas became humid. However, the amount of sea water has gradually shrunk, so that central Asia has dried up rapidly, and the continental climate characteristics have gradually increased.

In addition, with the movement of the earth's crust, the elevation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began to show an upward trend, and eventually the entire plateau was uplifted, thus blocking the warm and humid summer monsoon from moving northward, so that the northwest inland region of China gradually formed a climate of drought and little rain and high evaporation.

The arid climate in northwest China is mainly due to natural causes. It is deep in the interior of the continent, far away from the ocean, and it is difficult for water vapor to reach; The southern side is blocked by plateaus and mountains, and the water vapor of the Indian Ocean is difficult to reach. In addition, long sunshine hours and windy weather are also a cause of drought, which is exacerbated by human activities, such as greenhouse gas emissions and irrational use of water resources.

Arid and semi-arid: Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Bayankala Mountain-Gangdis Mountain: 1) Eastern monsoon area: Boundary range: east and south of 400 mm of precipitation, east of the 3000 m contour line.

aTopography: Low altitude, mostly below 1000 meters, with vast plains.

bClimate: Significantly affected by the monsoon, high temperature and rain in summer, low temperature and little rain in winter, and annual precipitation is greater than 400 mm.

c. Rivers and lakes: rivers are outflow rivers, and many large rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River flow into the sea;

Most of the rivers are mainly recharged by rainwater, and the runoff varies greatly. Most of the lakes are freshwater.

2) Northwest arid and semi-arid areas: Boundary range: west and north of the 400 mm isoprecipitation line, Kunlun Mountains-

The area north of the Altun Mountains-Qilian Mountains.

aTerrain: high altitude, but the difference between elevation and elevation is large. There are mountains above 3,000 meters, and there are also the lowest terrain in the Turpan Basin.

3) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Boundary: South of Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain-Qilian Mountain, west of the 3000-meter contour line.

aTerrain: The average altitude is above 4000 meters. b Climate:

High altitude, thin air, low air pressure; Strong solar radiation, strong winds, low annual temperatures, large daily temperature differences, and less precipitation; Permafrost is widespread. c. Rivers and lakes: the northwest belongs to the endorheic area, and the southeast is the source of many large rivers; There are many glaciers and plateau lakes.

200mm。It is bounded by the Daxing'an Mountains - Yinshan - Helan Mountains - Bayankala Mountains - Gangdis Mountains.

The dividing line between the northwest arid region, the semi-arid region and the eastern monsoon region is the 400 mm isoprecipitation line. and the Kunlun Mountains, Altun Mountains, and Qilian Mountains.

Because precipitation is scarce, it will lead to daricity, and precipitation is mainly brought by the moist ocean airflow, so the distribution law of global precipitation is gradually decreasing from the equator to the poles, decreasing from the coast to the inland, and the rainfall on the windward side of the mountain is more than that on the leeward side.

Think about it, the northwest region of our country is deep inland, far from the ocean, coupled with the high mountains, the sea air is difficult to reach, so the rainfall is scarce and the climate is arid.

Affected by the northwest dry and cold monsoon, and far from the sea, the water vapor of the southeast hot and humid monsoon cannot reach.

The driest region in China is the northwest region, which belongs to the arid region; However, the most water-scarce region in China is North China, which is mainly a semi-arid region. (Drought is less precipitation, and less water is consumed in water-scarce areas).

The arid and semi-arid areas in Northwest China are the most serious only in terms of drought degree, but there are fewer industries and agriculture in this region, and the population is also small, and the impact and losses caused are also less, so the most drought-stricken areas in China are not the arid and semi-arid areas in Northwest China;

The most drought-stricken areas in China are the eastern monsoon region with more rainfall; The eastern monsoon region has relatively more precipitation, but the industry and agriculture are developed and the population is concentrated, and once the drought is caused, the loss is large.

The population is small and there is little human activity. Disasters are mainly affected by human beings, so even if there is a drought here, the impact on people is small. For example, even the semi-humid region of North China has become the most water-scarce place in China because of the large water demand for population and human activities.

The most water-scarce place in China is the North China Plain, and the most serious season is spring, that is, spring drought.

Because North China is densely populated and agriculture is developed, every spring, the temperature rises and the evaporation increases, but the precipitation is scarce, so the climate is arid, and the crops begin to grow in spring, requiring a large amount of irrigation water, so North China is very short of water in spring.

Although the northwest region is drier, it is sparsely populated and economically underdeveloped, so it does not use much water, but it is not as short as the water shortage in North China.

The boundary between the eastern monsoon region and the northwest arid and semi-arid region is a geographical boundary line in Peiling, China, which is roughly located between the North China Plain and the area south of the Yellow River. This dividing line was created by the Yellow River, with the Northeast Plain to the north and the North China Plain to the south.

The eastern monsoon region is characterized by more rain in summer and less rain in winter, but the temperature difference is small, and climate disasters such as typhoons and heavy rains are more common. In the arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China, there is little rain and lightning, and the temperature difference is large, and extreme weather phenomena such as yellow sand and sandstorms often occur.

The arid region of the northwest accounts for about the total area of the country.

In the late geological period, there were significant differential upward movements, most of which did not rise much, and some of them rose very much, forming vast high plains and very significant mountain ranges across the high plains. Most of the high plains are about 1,000 meters above sea level, and there are also lower parts, such as the Junggar Basin, where many areas are between 250 and 5o0 meters. Ayding Lake in the Turpan Basin is 155 meters below sea level.

Many mountains are more than 3,000 meters high and have a clear vertical differentiation. There are also many mountains with low altitude, and the vertical differentiation of the landscape is not obvious.

It is located inland and surrounded by mountains. There is very little water vapor from the ocean, and it is difficult for the summer monsoon to reach. The vegetation is mostly desert, and part is desert steppe and dry steppe. In the vertical zones of high mountains, there are forests, mountain steppes, etc., and the corresponding soil types.

The external forces of the landscape are mainly weak weathering, weak material movement, weak hydraulic erosion and accumulation, and extensive wind erosion, transport and accumulation in arid and semi-arid climates. However, after heavy rainfall, hydraulic erosion can have a strong destructive effect. Although the wind is widespread, it can only act on loose sediments with fine particles, and accumulation occurs when the wind slows down.

In the tall mountains, glaciation and freezing weathering, material movement and water erosion under ice edge conditions are dominant. The vast majority of the area is inland watershed, and almost all of the surface water generated on the flat land is a short-lived flow of rainwater. There are many lakes, mostly saltwater lakes.

Mountain runoff is an important resource, and its recharge** is dominated by ice and snow meltwater.

Since the end of the Mesozoic Era, arid and semi-arid climates have occurred intermittently. Plants are gradually dry and chemical, and there are fewer species. At the beginning of the Quaternary period, there was a relatively humid period, and the paleowater system was relatively developed in some places.

The presence of lakeshore terraces can also serve as evidence of a change in climate to drought during geological time.

The impact of human beings on the natural world is far less extensive and profound than that of the eastern monsoon region. However, the profound impact of human activities can also be seen in areas bordering the eastern monsoon region and in areas where water can be used for irrigation. Irrational use of dry grasslands often leads to the expansion of desertification.

Most of the dry steppe and desert steppe are pastoral areas, and water source is the decisive factor for agricultural development. The high mountainous areas are used for forestry and animal husbandry. The main problem in the region is the lack of water. It should prevent wind and sand fixation, prevent and control soil salinization, and improve grassland.

The change of dry and wet conditions with distance from the sea is the main factor determining the regional differentiation of nature in the region.