Africa is surrounded by the sea on three sides, how can the climate be arid

The main reasons for the arid climate in the African region are:

The effect of latitudinal location. Due to the Tropic of Cancer.

Both pass through the southern and northern halves of the continent, so the subtropical high controls a large area, and under the influence of the downdraft, it produces a large area of arid climate zone.

Terrain influence. The terrain of Africa is dominated by plateaus and surrounded by cliffs, especially in the eastern part of the country.

The obstruction of the East African Plateau, the South African Plateau and the island of Madagascar affects the oceanic air currents deep into the interior, and also makes Africa a rain shadow zone, expanding the area of the arid zone.

Influence of land and sea location. Africa is located on the Eurasian continent.

In the southeast, the northeast trade winds come from the continent rather than the ocean, so the arid climate of Africa goes straight to the south of the continent.

Currents. Effect. In the Atlantic.

On the west coast, the Canary Stream in the north and the Benguela Snap in the south are mainly affected, and between these two snaps is the Guinea Current. On the east coast, unlike the west coast, there are no fixed ocean currents, the main current is the Indian Ocean.

The south-equatorial warm current, which flows westward, spreads to the north and south respectively near the coast of Africa, and the northward part has obvious differences in intensity in winter and summer, and is deeply affected by the Indian monsoon, the southwest monsoon drifts in the north Indian Ocean in summer and the northeast monsoon drifts in winter, in the opposite direction to summer, and the southward branch of the South Equatorial Warm Current is Vic.

Warm current and Madagascar warm current. In terms of impact, except for the warm and humid air flow brought by the Guinea Warm Current, the other ocean currents in the west can only bring dry weather and little rain to the mainland.

Located in the tropics, Africa is known as the "tropical continent", with high temperatures and high evaporation.

There are many reasons for this, but I think the main reason is because of this Alps, which blocks the cold air from the north (Europe) from moving south, so Europe has a pleasant climate and fertile land;

On the other hand, it prevents the hot air from the south (Mediterranean) from moving north, so the Mediterranean region is relatively hot, and gradually develops a unique Mediterranean climate, with the result that North Africa (southern Mediterranean) has high temperatures and little rainfall, resulting in drought in North Africa.

This is because the climate of this place is very dry and there is very little rainfall, so this place is very arid.

Although Australia is surrounded by the sea, the sea does not enter the depths of Australia, so there are many places that are particularly dry.

Because the weather in Australia is very hot and evaporative is very strong, this is the case.

1. The African continent is basically located between the Tropic of Cancer, and a large part of it is in the subtropical high-pressure ridge zone, where the downdraft prevails, and it is not easy to form precipitation, the temperature is high, and the evaporation is greater than the precipitation.

2. The African continent is an ancient plateau continent with a high altitude, and the water vapor in the eastern and western equatorial regions is not easy to enter.

3. The subtropical high area of the west coast of Africa is the Canarian cold current and the Benguela cold current, these two places move with the pressure belt, the westerly wind prevails in two seasons every year, the wind blowing on the cold current will cool down and reduce humidity, plus the sea breeze to the continent, the African plateau is not high at half height, can not completely block the sea breeze, the sea breeze blows along the plateau, the humidity is small, the higher the humidity, the lower the humidity, and the more arid it becomes.

Of course, when the above conditions are not met, the climate will not be arid, such as the Congo Basin in Africa, the west coast is the Guinea Warm Current and the South Equatorial Warm Current, its own low altitude, on the equator, so there is a rainforest climate with rich precipitation.

Located near the Tropic of Capricorn, the subtropical high pressure controls, so there are many downdrafts, and it is not easy to form precipitation, and the western part of Australia on the 6th floor is affected by the cold current, basically no rainfall, and the eastern region is affected by the monsoon, with abundant precipitation, but the water vapor is blocked by the Great Dividing Watershed, so the hinterland is very arid.

The analysis of the netizens upstairs is generally correct, but there are some unreasonable points. I wish it could be given more reasonable.

The Tropic of Capricorn crosses the Australian continent, and the central and western parts of Australia are controlled by the subtropical high pressure zone, with sinking airflow and scarce precipitation; The cold current of Western Australia has a cold current flowing through the sea area to the west, which has a dehumidifying effect and aggravates the drought. There is a large watershed in the eastern part of Australia, which blocks the water vapor brought by the southeast trade winds (the upstairs netizens say the monsoon, which is unreasonable), and the leeward slope on the west side of the great watershed has little precipitation, forming a large arid area.