Who was the thinker of the Ming Dynasty who put forward the theory that there is nothing outside th

The basic view of Chinese philosophers in the Ming Dynasty was that Lu Jiuyuan proposed that "the heart is reason" and that "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe". Wang Shouren developed these ideas of Lu Jiuyuan and put forward "there is nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, and no reason outside the heart". The "heart" mentioned by Wang Shouren refers to the highest ontology, such as "the heart is the Tao, and the Tao is the sky"; It also refers to the moral consciousness of the individual, such as "the heart is only one, which is called benevolence in terms of its whole compassion, righteousness in terms of appropriateness, and reason in terms of its order."

This is more extensive than what Lu Jiuyuan said about his personal heart. Wang Shouren's lack of things outside the mind means that the mind and the matter are the same body, and the thing cannot exist without the heart, and the mind cannot exist without the matter. Without a clear heart, there will be no heaven, earth, ghosts, gods, and all things; separated from heaven and earth, ghosts, gods, and all things, and without a clear heart.

On the one hand, the mind is the master of all things in heaven and earth. On the other hand, the mind has no body, and it is based on the right and wrong sensed by all things in heaven and earth. Objective things are not perceived by the mind, and they are in a state of silence. If a flower in the deep mountains is not seen, it will be silent with the heart; When it is seen, the color of the flower is understood for a while.

Wang Shouren's unreasonableness outside his heart means that the ontology of the heart is the principle of heaven, although things are very different, reason is in the heart, and the heart is reason. There is no need to seek reason in things and things, but to seek reason outside the heart, that is, the heart and reason are two. The reason in the heart is the supreme good, and the unreasonable outside the heart is also the absence of goodness outside the heart.

Wang Shouren's idea of having nothing outside his mind and being irrational outside his mind developed mental idealism to the extreme, laid the foundation for his cosmology theory of the unity of knowledge and action, and had a wide influence on later generations.

Wang Yangming. It belongs to subjective idealism.

Wang Yangming of Lu Wang's heart.

I think, therefore I am".

Wang Yangming of the Ming Dynasty was an important representative of science.

Wang Shouren (1472-1528), known as Yun at the age of five, changed his name to Shouren, the word Bo'an, and was a native of Yuyao (now Yuyao City, Zhejiang). He once lectured in Yangmyeongdong, and the scholar called Mr. Yangming, also known as Wang Yangming. Ming Dynasty physicist.

Hongzhi was a jinshi, and successively served as the director of the criminal department and the military department. In the first year of Zhengde (1506), he was demoted to Guizhou Longchang Yicheng because he saved Zeng Milling and others with his words, and resented Liu Jin. After Liu Jin's death, Wang Shouren moved to Luling County, Hongzhi for 11 years, served as the imperial history of the right capital, the governor of Nankang and Ganzhou, and successively suppressed peasant uprisings in Fujian and Jiangxi.

In the fourteenth year of Hongzhi, Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, rebelled in Nanchang, and Wang Shouren took the initiative to lead 300,000 troops in Huguang and southern Jiangxi to attack Nanchang and capture Zhu Chenhao alive. In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), he used Zuo Yushi and Governor of Liangguang Military Affairs to suppress the uprisings of ethnic minorities in Si'en, Tianzhou and other places in Guangxi. Wang Shouren advocated"Psychiatry"。

Scale:"The heart is the Lord of all things in heaven and earth"，"The heart is reason, there is no reason outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart"。His doctrine is simpler and easier to implement than Cheng and Zhu Lixue's empty talk about natural reason, so his doctrine was once popular in the north and south of Beijing, and scholars immediately believed in it.

Wang Shouren boasted of two things in his life, one"Thieves in the mountains", that is, the suppression of peasant and minority uprisings; II. II. II"A thief in the heart", i.e. its"Psychiatry"Theory. There are "Biography Records" and "Wang Wencheng Gongquan Book".

Wang Shouren is known as a scholar, and he and Zhan Ruoshui are in the same class and teach separately. He was the governor of Liangguang military affairs in the left imperial history, he came to Zengcheng many times, and was very familiar with Luofu Mountain and Zengcheng Phoenix Mountain, and left poems and texts such as "Ancestral Shrine of Loyalty and Filial Piety", "Leaving the Title of Ganquan Zhan Public House Wall" and "Cui Qing Offering Praise" in Zengcheng.

The basic view of Chinese philosophers in the Ming Dynasty was that Lu Jiuyuan proposed that "the heart is reason" and that "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe". Wang Shouren developed these ideas of Lu Jiuyuan and put forward "there is nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, and no reason outside the heart".

Wang Shouren Wang Shouren (1472-1529) was originally known as Yun, changed his name to Shouren, the word Bo'an, the name Yangming, and the scholar called Mr. Yangming. Wang Shouren is the master of subjective idealism in the history of Chinese philosophy, and is also an educator, military strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the author of "The Complete Book of Yangming" (also known as "The Complete Book of Wang Wencheng").

Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty said: "There is nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, and no reason outside the heart." "That's the point of view.

a.Objective idealism.

b.Dialectical materialism.

c.Subjective idealism.

d.Historical materialism.

Correct answer: c

D test question analysis: It is the proposition of Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty, the proposition of Wang Yangming of the Ming Dynasty, the proposition of Li Zhen at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the proposition of Huang Zongxi, a thinker during the Ming and Qing dynasties, so D should be chosen.

Wang Shouren. That is, Wang Yangming, known as Mr. Yangming.

d Song and Ming science are all idealistic thoughts, trying to teach the people to obey the rule by emphasizing morality, ignoring the basic desires of people, advocated by the feudal rulers, so Zhu Xi's science and Yang Ming's hard work have become the dominant ideas of the era. Select D.