In which dynasty did the word punctuation appear

Punctuation marks have existed in China since the pre-Qin period, which can be seen in archaeological artifacts from the 20th century onwards, but there is no uniform standard for these symbols. For example, in the bamboo slips of the Warring States period, you can see the " " type symbol, which usually indicates the end of an article; Another example is the "" function is a combination of modern commas and periods, which are used to indicate sentence breaks. [2] In the records of the ancients, "History of the Song Dynasty: The Biography of He Ji" praised He Ji:

Everywhere you read, punctuation. Righteousness is self-evident, and there is self-seeing without waiting for arguments. It can be seen that the word punctuation has existed since at least the Song Dynasty.

In fact, as far back as the era of oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, there was already a rather peculiar punctuation in China. Qing Zhang Xuecheng's "Bingchen Notes" researched: "The method of dotting sentences has existed before the Han Dynasty.

Increase rhyme" cloud: "All sentences are absolutely dotted next to the words, and the reading points are slightly dotted between the words." "Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty included punctuation marks in "Shuowen Jie Zi", and received it, "No., Explanation:

There is an end, and there is also knowledge. "I also received" (), explaining: "Hook recognition also."

Qing Duanyu remarked: "Those who recognize the hook use the hook to recognize their place." ......Today's people have a hook in reading, that is.

3], so that ancient China just didn't have modern punctuation, not no punctuation.

In 1919, on the basis of China's original punctuation marks, the Chinese Unified Drawing Preparation Conference referred to the punctuation marks commonly used in various countries, and stipulated 12 kinds of symbols, which were promulgated by the Ministry of Education at that time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the General Administration of Publication further summarized the rules of punctuation usage, published the "Punctuation Usage" in 1951, and in October of the same year, the Government Council issued the "Instructions on Learning the Use of Punctuation Marks". Since then, punctuation has tended to be perfected and has a unified usage.

In April 1990, the State Language Commission and the Press and Publication Administration revised and promulgated the "Punctuation Marks Usage", which made new provisions and explanations for punctuation marks and their usage.

In ancient times, writing articles had no punctuation, which was difficult to read, and even misunderstood. It was not until the Han Dynasty that the "sentence reading" was invented. It was only in the Ming Dynasty that names of people and places appeared. These are the earliest punctuation marks in our country.

Nowadays, many people mistakenly think that the ancient Chinese did not use "punctuation marks" because the Qing Dynasty officially presided over the compilation of the "Siku Quanshu", and removed the original "punctuation marks" in China. Qing literati also no longer used "punctuation" when writing articles or publishing books, until modern new punctuation marks were produced.

In fact, the "comma, period, parentheses, and ton" used today have been produced in the Han Dynasty, and Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" in the Eastern Han Dynasty interprets "ton" as "there is an end, and there is also knowledge". Interpret "expansion ()" as "hook recognition also." ”

Archaeological findings show that in addition to the symbol "=" in the Juyan Han Jian, there are also symbols such as "w" and "卩", which all play the role of sentence reading or later punctuation. For example: Han Jian "Swallow North Tunnel Pawn Tian Yun (this is a Zhu pen symbol) New Year Moon Eclipse Three Hu New Year Gengxu Self-Pick = 卩"; "Pingwu lost the goods and lost the fire has been fired" in the 27th square of the broken city, there are "three right twenty-ninth tunnel pawns", and thirty right pawns"; "Slant Rong Wang Yang Lu Shang Han Shou" and so on.

These special symbols in the Chinese Simplified Chinese have their own special uses, some of them play the role of later, such as " and some play, such as " and " and so on; Some play the role of a full stop, such as "卩"; Some play the role of identifying the front of the chapter or the branch and the paragraph, such as the "w", "and other symbols" placed at the beginning of the text; Some symbols, such as "s", "=", etc., are not yet yet able to determine exactly what their role is in the text; Some of them are used in conjunction with two symbols, and some symbols such as "w" are placed at the end of the text, and they are deliberately used in Zhu handwriting to indicate their particularity when copying or writing.

By the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, the use of "punctuation" had been relatively standardized.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the original punctuation marks were studied and sorted out many times, and a total of 16 kinds of punctuation marks were listed, including commas, periods, parentheses, pauses, semicolons, quotation marks, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, dashes, ellipses, conjunctions, spacers, proper names, book titles, and accents.

In ancient China, there was no such thing, and usually what we watch in TV dramas or movies is a lie. Modern punctuation has its origins in the West.

Punctuation marks in ancient China are generally summarized simply as "sentence reading". sentences, such as " " equivalent to the full stop used today, there are large, medium and small; Pronounced (pronounced dòu), marked with a comma as "equivalent to today's comma." In fact, in the long history of the development of Chinese civilization, the punctuation marks used by the predecessors are by no means more than these two, but after all, they have not been developed into a unified and standardized system in an orderly manner, and even the division of labor between the two symbols of "sentence and reading" is not fixed, or even may not be used.

Modern Chinese, if they are not specially trained and pick up ancient books that have not been punctuated by modern times, even if they can read with reference books, it is difficult to pass the "sentence breaking" level, and the problem lies in the lack or too little punctuation.

Hu Shi's article "On Sentence Reading and Character Symbols" published in 1916 is the first systematic and complete science of China's new punctuation marks, and the main historical contributions of this article are: The preliminary idea of dividing the two systems of sentence reading symbols (dots) and text symbols (markings) is proposed; clarified the importance of punctuation in the written language; A relatively complete symbology system was developed; Analyze the use of various types of punctuation; The relationship between sentences, reading, and pauses was sorted out. In 1919, six scholars headed by Hu Shi jointly submitted the "Proposal for the Issuance of New Punctuation Marks" to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the Chinese Language, which was approved by the Ministry of Education in 1920 and became the first punctuation scheme promulgated by the Ministry of Education in China.