What is shaft construction? What is a shaft in management?

1. The construction of the shaft is to dig the shaft, and the shaft is a channel for transporting underground sediment or silt when excavating or cleaning the qanats culvert, and it is also an air supply vent.

Second, the shaft construction method:

Shaft excavation is carried out by manual or mechanical rock drilling and blasting. The excavation procedure is to carry out the locking construction first, followed by the topsoil construction and bedrock construction.

1) The lock mouth construction is composed of the temporary well wall and the lock frame at the upper part of the well neck. The lock frame is made of wood, steel, steel and wood structure; The length of the temporary shaft wall section is generally 1 2m, and it is built with bricks, material stones, and concrete blocks. If the topsoil layer is stable, a permanent lock can be used for one-time construction.

2) Topsoil construction The commonly used methods include well ring back plate, hanging well wall, sheet pile, anchor spraying temporary support construction method, etc. According to the amount of water inflow in the wellbore, the water inflow treatment can be carried out by using the water collection and drainage method of the working face water nest, the water level reduction method of the advanced small shaft shaft and the water level reduction method of the dry hole outside the well. There are two kinds of topsoil construction hoisting: standard excavation derrick hoisting system (see shaft roadway construction hoisting) and simple hoisting.

The simple lifting method can be adopted:

Slow-acting winches, small buckets and simple derricks. Simple derricks can be used herringbones, tripods, double tripods, tent type wooden derricks, single gantries and double gantry.

Truck cranes, small buckets.

Big grab. The topsoil construction mainly includes topsoil excavation and topsoil support.

1) Topsoil excavation. In the waterless and stable soil layer, you can use pickaxes, shovels and other tools to manually excavate or use a grab to take the soil directly, when the soil layer is hard, you can use a pickaxe or a wind shovel to loosen the soil, or hit a shallow eye, put a small cannon to break the soil. During construction, it is necessary to strengthen water collection and drainage work.

2) Topsoil support. The well neck section is generally permanently supported by reinforced concrete or plain concrete.

The construction methods are:

1) Temporary support is carried out while digging down, and after digging to the wall seat of the well neck section, the temporary support is removed from the bottom to the top for permanent support construction.

2) Hang the well wall as temporary support. When the wall seat of the neck section of the well is excavated, the permanent wall is poured from the bottom to the top.

3) Temporary support with sheet piles.

4) For the soil layer that is easy to weather, easy to be flaked, and easy to disperse when exposed to water, the method of plain spraying, anchor spraying and anchor net spraying concrete is used for temporary support. When the permanent support of the hanging shaft wall is adopted, the support is carried out immediately after the excavation section.

3) Bedrock construction.

It is also known as rock drilling and blasting. It is used for stable and moderately stable rock formations with wellbore water inflow less than 30m3 h. During construction, the full depth of the wellbore is divided into several well sections, and the construction is carried out section by section from top to bottom.

The length of the section mainly depends on the stability of the surrounding rock in the wellbore, the amount of water inflow, the construction equipment and other conditions. The length of the segment is 2 6 m called the short section, and the 30 60 m is called the long section. According to the difference in time and space of the three operations of excavation, masonry and installation, the shaft construction operation mode can be divided into single line of excavation (there are long section single line, short section single line and mixed short section parallel), excavation operation in sequence and parallel operation of excavation and masonry, excavation and safety three parallel operations, and one well completion mode of excavation and masonry mixed operation.

In the construction of long tunnels, in order to shorten the construction period, it is necessary to set up a vertical shaft or inclined shaft to increase the working face (the shaft is ballasted by vertical transportation). Some are set up with parallel guide pits.

After the tunnel was broken, the shaft or inclined shaft was useless. Depending on the design, it can be used as a ventilation channel, sealed, or locked.

There is no fixed specification requirement for how far the shaft location is from the hole opening, and the actual situation such as the division of ventilation sections, ventilation resistance, setting conditions of the machine room, engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and terrain conditions is mainly considered.

The shaft, also known as the shaft effect, is the deep well effect in management, which is to see only oneself and not others.

The original intention of the management structure is to improve output efficiency through the division of labor, but the excessive refinement of the division of labor will cause employees to be driven only by the immediate matters and lack systematic and forward-looking thinking. As a result, employees are pushed away by transactional work without thinking about how to produce more effectively.

As a result, employees naturally tend to choose between how to easily get a salary and how to actively increase the value of their work output. When this rigidity, lack of responsibility and dedication at the employee level rises to the department level, a departmental wall is formed. A typical phenomenon is:

When there is a problem with the company's products, various departments pass the buck to each other, and no department feels that they should be responsible.

And due to the existence of departmental walls, information cannot be effectively circulated between departments, and collaboration cannot be carried out smoothly, resulting in internal consumption of resources.

Make management costs. Rise. With the hierarchical system.

With the in-depth development of management functions, the trend of department-oriented thinking will become more and more serious. Each department is only responsible for the performance of its own department, and departments compete for resources and dump each other.

It is often a common phenomenon in enterprises that there are many people who raise problems and needs, but few people can give solutions, and it is often difficult to implement the decisions made by the top management. Each department seems to be in a different deep well, only looking at the interests above their heads, and ignoring the overall interests of the enterprise, so the internal friction of resources is intensified, and the management cost remains high.

The deep well effect is often accompanied by the problem of tissue rigidity:

Often in the early stage of entrepreneurship, it is relatively easy to divide labor and cooperate. Because we have a clear goal and a sense of crisis, that is, how to quickly make products and services that can meet market demand without being eliminated by competitors. The typical feature of enterprises in this period is that the crisis forces performance.

In order to survive, everyone takes the initiative to take responsibility, fully share market information, and work together around the goal to solve problems.

When an enterprise passes the entrepreneurial period and enters the development period, because the product has a certain market foundation, the main body of the enterprise has changed from how to survive to how to develop. In order to seek development, enterprises often adopt the collection of professional talents, and then the overall management of experienced employees, so as to form a bureaucratic structure. The price of overall management is that enterprises need to give up the freedom of linear management in the entrepreneurial period.

and flexibility, and then standardize the operation of enterprises with standardization and subdivision of responsibilities.

However, in order for such a model to work, enterprises must be clear about their own value creation process, and be able to improve the efficiency of the organization as a whole by continuously improving the efficiency of each value creation link, which is the core logic of traditional management. However, there is an important premise for the implementation of this logic, which is that the output of the organization is relatively clear. For example, Ford is considering how to efficiently produce the Model T, and the work process is split and passed through the workers in each process.

to improve efficiency.

Question 1: What is a shaft in engineering? Building shafts are generally used in high-rise buildings, and are used as shafts for exhaust, smoke, water pipes, cable trays, etc.

Question 2: What is a building shaft? Can you elaborate on that? Building shafts are generally used in high-rise buildings, and are used as shafts for exhaust, smoke, water pipes, cable trays, etc.

Question 3: What are the shafts commonly designed in large-scale building design The shafts of architectural design mainly include: wind shafts, water wells, strong electric wells, weak electric wells, elevator shafts, garbage shafts, flue shafts, toilet pipeline intake, etc., which are designed according to the needs of the building function in turn according to the specification.

Question 4: What does the electrical shaft mean in building construction? What is a pipe well An electrical shaft is a type of pipe well, and there are generally three types of pipe wells inside the building.

Question 5: What is the vertical shaft outside the building The vertical wind shaft leading to the outside of the civil air defense project.

Question 6: What does a vertical shaft do in architectural drawings Pipe wells: smoke exhaust, air supply, water tube wells, electric tube wells, etc.

Question 7: What is shaft construction? In the construction of long tunnels, in order to shorten the construction period, it is necessary to set up vertical shafts or inclined shafts to increase the working face (the shafts sell the ballast by vertical transportation). Some are set up with parallel guide pits.

After the tunnel was broken, the shaft or inclined shaft was useless. Depending on the design, it can be used as a ventilation channel, sealed, or locked.

There is no fixed specification requirement for how far the shaft location is from the tunnel entrance, and the actual situation such as the division of the ventilation section, the ventilation resistance, the setting conditions of the machine room, the engineering geological conditions, the hydrogeological conditions, and the terrain conditions of the dispatcher are mainly considered.

Question 8: What is the tube well in the construction of the house Two understandings:

1. A tube well is a tubular structure that is placed vertically in the ground to take water or protect groundwater. It is a kind of water supply and drainage facilities for industrial and agricultural production, urban, transportation and national defense construction.

2. The tube well is a space in the stairwell that concentrates the plumbing professional pipelines and equipment tables together, that is, the pipe well.

Question 9: What is a well in a building?

A shaft, a well-shaped pipe with an upright wall of a cave, called a shaft, is actually a type of collapse funnel. It is square, elongated, or irregularly rounded in a flat profile. A long strip develops along one set of joints, while a square or circular shape develops along two sets of joints.

The walls of the shafts are steep and almost upright, and sometimes the surface of the underground river can be seen from the shaft downwards.

Qanats shaft:

It is a special irrigation system with an ingenious structure, which consists of four parts: a shaft, a culvert, an open channel and a waterlogged dam. Generally speaking, the construction principle of the qanats is: in the undercurrent of the high mountain snow water, find its water source, drill a shaft of different depths at a certain interval, and then build a culvert at the bottom of the well according to the terrain, communicate the wells, and divert the water downstream.

The outlets of the underground channels are connected to the surface channels to divert groundwater to the surface for irrigation of mulberry fields.

Before excavating the culvert, dig a shaft every three or four zhang, one is to understand the groundwater level and determine the location of the culvert; Second, it is convenient to take soil and aerate when excavating and repairing culverts, so that deep diving can be used, and water evaporation can be reduced to avoid wind and sand burial.