Real naval battles and air battles are all about how far apart they are

During World War II, the air war was launched at about 200 nautical miles.

Because at that time there were all aircraft carriers involved.

If you just talk about naval battles, it's about 10 nautical miles.

In our country, 1 nautical mile is equal to a kilometer.

However, this does not apply to all parts of the world. The length of the nautical mile is not fixed, and varies from country to country. This is because:

At sea, the length of the Earth's meridian is 1 nautical mile (1/60th of the length of the meridian corresponding to 1 degree of latitude). Note: One degree is equal to sixty cents).

However, since the Earth is not a standard sphere, the length of the arc of the meridian circle varies at different latitudes. This results in the longest and shortest nautical miles.

The shortest nautical mile is at the equator, l nautical mile = 1843 meters.

The longest nautical miles are at the North and South Poles, 1 nautical mile = 1862 meters.

The average radius of the Earth is 6,371,300m, and 1 nautical mile calculated from the average radius of the Earth is:

1 nautical mile = 2 * * 6371300 360 * 60 =

National standards for nautical miles].

This section] 1 nautical mile = kilometer (kilometer) (Chinese standard).

1 nautical mile = kilometer (km). (U.S. Standards).

1 nautical mile = kilometer (km). (British Standard).

1 nautical mile = kilometer (km). (French Standard).

1 nautical mile = kilometer (km). (Russian standard).

The relationship between the nautical mile and the knot].

In the old days, the word "nautical" was written as "li", which has now been abolished. At sea, the speed of 1 knot per hour is called 1 "knot".

In the past, knots (kn) were used by the crew to measure the speed of the ship, and every 1 nautical mile walked, the crew would make a knot on the lowered rope, and then the knot would be used as a unit of ship speed.

1 knots (kn) = 1 nautical mile hour = (1852 3600) m s is the unit of velocity.

1 nautical mile (n mile) = 1852m is the unit of length.

1 knot is equal to 1 nautical mile per hour, which is kilometers (kilometers) traveled per hour

In modern naval warfare, it is generally locked and attacked in the range of 100-200 nautical miles, and the third-generation aircraft in air combat are locked at 100 kilometers away and attacked at about 50 kilometers.

Look at what kind of technical level the war has.

Judging by the actions of small countries against the US Navy in the 80s and 90s, they were basically annihilated without seeing the US ** boats. Iran 1234The missile boat had missiles with a range of 110 km, and they were sunk in the sea without even detecting the target.

The U.S. military can deploy a defensive network within 400 nautical miles around the ship, which means that within 400 nautical miles belong to the U.S. military warning area, about 480km fighter warning area, 120km standard 3 combat range, 12km Ram combat range, 2km phalanx.

As for air combat, at present, air combat is within visual range, and the US military's AIM120 cannot shoot down 100% of enemy aircraft. I had to use AIM9 for fighting.

In the case of local conflicts, naval battles start from a few hundred kilometers and air battles start from nearly 100 kilometers.

If you want to use strategy, there is no distance.

According to various naval battle records, the maximum distance at which the human eye can identify a target is about 12 km when the weather is very good. Farther away, the most you can see is blurry.

Depending on the weather, this distance will be shortened.

The first floor is a mathematical model that calculates the distance at which the target appears within the horizon under the influence of the Earth's surface. In practice, the observation distance is increased by climbing to the observatory at the top of the mast (increasing the field of view) and with the help of a telescope (increasing the visual distance).

In fact, even in the Age of Discovery, where there were no radar, radio and other means of interception, there was a possibility of telescopes. So although the visual recognition distance is about 12km, there are telescopes to supplement it.

In addition, 12km does not mean hand-to-hand combat, and in the era of sailing, the maximum naval battle distance was about 2 km, and it took 1 km to ensure a passable hit rate.

Because the radius of the earth is very large, and the angle corresponding to 100 meters is small, it can be approximated that the length of this arc is equal to the short side of the two right-angled triangles with the length of the long side and the hypotenuse, so the result can be calculated from the Pythagorean theorem.

It is equivalent to about 35,696 meters, that is, kilometers, but it is not clear to the naked eye alone, and it needs to be used with the help of optical instruments such as telescopes, rangefinders, etc.

Reference: The farthest distance a person can see the sea s (unit: km) on a clear day can be estimated using the formula s squared = where h is the height of the eye from sea level (unit:

m).If a person stands on the shore and observes, he can see when the eye is at the height of the sea level.

A: If you climb an observation deck, how far can you see when your eyes are 35 meters above sea level?

Human eyesight is different, normal people's eyesight, photopic distance is 25cm, 4km away from the scenery is not easy to see, when more than 500m, there is a blurred image of the scene, the distance is shortened to 250 270m, the outline of the scene can be seen clearly, if you want to identify the species of flowers and trees, it should be shortened to dozens of meters.

There is a limit to the range of human vision, and the average distance to see a fighter jet in the air is about 8 kilometers, which is the average on a clear day. When there is fog, rain, and dusk, visibility is very poor, and the distance you can see is greatly reduced. And everyone's eyesight varies greatly, with some pilots being able to see an airplane from 20 kilometers away, while others not being able to see as close as 8 kilometers.

In addition, it has a lot to do with the size of the aircraft, and for the bomber you can see a little farther. There is another feature of the naked eye, if you have seen the aircraft, keep staring at the plane and let the plane gradually fly away, you can not see it after more than 10 kilometers. On the contrary, looking for an airplane in the sky, sometimes it has flown to a distance of 5 kilometers and cannot be found.

8 km is currently a generally accepted (and not explicitly defined) value.

Of course: a pair of normal eyes can see at infinity. At night, you can see the moon 380,000 kilometers from Earth, and even stars hundreds of millions of light-years away. But the resolution of the naked eye is limited, and the difference is very large.

According to tests, the resolution of people with normal vision is about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 5,000. For example, if you are standing next to the *** Memorial Hall in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, 400 meters away from the national flag, if you can see the top of the flagpole with a diameter of 20 centimeters, your eye resolution will be 1 in 2,000. In this way, when you take an airplane and look down at the ground at an altitude of 10 kilometers, you can clearly see the railways, highways and the Great Wall with a width of more than 5 meters.

It depends on many factors, such as weather conditions (visibility, etc.), how high the human eye is above sea level (whether the person is standing on the deck or at a lookout post, etc.).

Assuming that the weather is fine and the human eye is 10 meters above sea level, according to (s 1000) 2 = h is 10 m at this time), it is estimated that s = 13000 m, that is, the enemy ship is about 13 kilometers away.

The largest naval and air battle in the world was the Sino-American and Japanese naval and air battle in the "Leyte Gulf" in the Philippine waters in World War II. On October 17, 1944, the U.S. Army began the Philippine Campaign. The attack on the Philippines began on the island of Leyte Gulf.

If Japan lost the Philippines, it would mean that the Japanese army would finally be cut off from raw materials in South Asia**, so Japan desperately threw its entire fleet into battle, resulting in the largest battle in the history of naval and air warfare.

The balance of forces between the United States and Japan in the Battle of Leyte Gulf was as follows: The United States participated in the war with the Third Fleet and the Seventh Fleet, with 8 aircraft carriers, 8 light aircraft carriers, 18 frigates, 10 battleships, 10 heavy cruisers, 14 light cruisers, 111 destroyers, and 29 submarines, with a total tonnage of 1,330,000 tons, 1,400 aircraft of various types, and a total of 140,000 personnel; Japan participated in the war, including the northern and southern formations, 1 aircraft carrier, 3 light aircraft carriers, 9 battleships, 6 light cruisers, 35 destroyers, 13 heavy cruisers, and 14 submarines, with a total tonnage of 730,000 tons, 300 aircraft, and a total of 43,000 people. The naval battle consisted of four parts, namely, the naval and air battles in the Sibulyan Sea on October 24, the night battles in the Surigao Strait on October 25, the naval battles off the coast of Samar, and the naval and air battles at Cape Ngeno.

Due to the large disparity in power between the United States and Japan, the result ended in Japan's defeat. Both sides suffered heavy losses in this sea battle. The United States lost 1 light aircraft carrier, 2 frigates, 3 destroyers, with a total tonnage of 35,000 tons, 100 destroyed aircraft, and 1,500 casualties.

Japan lost 1 aircraft carrier, 3 light aircraft carriers, 3 battleships, 6 heavy cruisers, 4 light cruisers, 11 destroyers, a total tonnage of 300,000 tons, 150 destroyed aircraft, and 10,000 dead. It was the largest, most shipwreckant, and heaviest naval battle in the history of warfare.