Where does iron coffee originate and how to quench iron

It should be a latte bar, made in Italy.

It's a latte. A latte is a classic blend of Italian espresso and silver milk, requiring a small glass of espresso (the Italian word for coffee) and a glass of milk (150 200 ml), with more milk and less dry coffee in a latte, which is very different from cappuccino. The latte is as simple as pouring nearly boiling milk into the freshly cooked Italian espresso.

In fact, there is no set amount of milk to add, and it can be freely blended according to personal taste.

Traditional blacksmith tools include blacksmith furnaces, iron clamps (used to clamp hot iron billets), anvils (platforms for blacksmiths to make iron), hammers, grinding stones, etc.

The blacksmith shop is also called the "blacksmith furnace". A large stove is placed in the middle of the room, and a bellows is set up next to the hearth.

As soon as the bellows is pulled, the wind enters the furnace, and the flames in the furnace rise. The iron to be forged is first burned red in the furnace, and then moved to the large iron pier, where the master holds the main hammer and the lower hand holds the sledgehammer for forging. Hold a small hammer in the right hand and iron tongs in the left hand, and in the process of forging, the upper hand should constantly turn the iron material by visual inspection, so that it can beat the square iron into a round iron rod or the thick iron rod into a slender iron rod.

Iron must be hard first, first of all, you must have a good body, no strength can not strike iron, heavy sledgehammer takes turns to rise and fall, what is needed is strength and endurance. A good blacksmith needs to constantly accumulate experience.

In the hands of the old blacksmith, so to speak, hard pieces of iron.

It can be square, round, long, flat, or pointed. Iron finished products are produced in the same way as traditional methods.

There are matching agricultural tools, such as plows, harrows, hoes, pickaxes, sickles, etc., as well as some daily necessities.

Such as kitchen knives, spatulas, planers, scissors, etc., in addition to door knockers, bubble nails, door plugs, etc.

Mainly blacksmith furnaces, wind boxes, hammers, anvils, sledgehammers, pliers and grinding stones.

Iron striking process] Iron striking is a primitive forging process that has been produced since human beings entered the iron age. The production tools and people's daily necessities in the agrarian society are inseparable from the products forged by the iron shop, such as hoes, rakes, knives, axes, etc., which are needed for production, and shovels, spoons, hooks, nails, etc., which are needed for life.

Iron striking may seem primitive, but it is very practical, and its technique is simple, but it is not easy to learn. Iron striking requires the spirit of hardship and hard work, and in the hot summer, the red stove is miserable. Even in the cold winter, the master blacksmith sweats like rain.

The old saying of the ancients was: "There are three kinds of bitterness in the world, striking iron, supporting boats, and grinding tofu." ”

The art of striking iron is passed down from master to apprentice, as well as from father to son. The proverb in Yongshang, "striking iron is like a thing, while beating is like", proves that the skill of striking iron depends on the perception from generation to generation, and the products are different, and the skills are uncertain. But in general, the whole process is inseparable from the process of material selection, firing, forging, shaping, steel throwing, quenching, tempering, and oil.

To strike iron, the first thing is to make a fire: put a large stove in the middle of the house, and a large iron pier in front of the furnace. When the iron furnace is lit, the bellows are pulled by hand.

When apprentices first entered the iron shop, they all started by pulling the bellows, but now that there are no apprentices, no one pulls the bellows, so they switch to electric blowers. The fire must burn vigorously, otherwise it will be difficult to forge iron.

One of the most important procedures is forging. In the forging process, the hands should constantly turn the iron by visual inspection until the iron is beaten into kitchen knives, spatulas or farm tools. The iron in the middle is slightly cooled, the iron becomes hard, and then it is put into a furnace to simmer red, and then repeatedly forged until it is formed.

Then cold beating, larger products by 3 people calcining.

Finally, after shaping, quenching, tempering, oil and other processes, a handful of iron products can be completed.

With the mechanization of rural farming, there is less and less use for iron shops. And this craft is too hard to learn, and the labor intensity is high, and young people are not willing to learn it. Soon, the art of blacksmithing may fade into obscurity.

Previous preparations: blacksmith furnace wind box (blowing) hand hammer anvil (pad underneath when striking the iron) 2 sledgehammers N pliers (too many jaw styles will not be detailed) More than 1 grinding stone (the previous stone grinding stone is not the current synthetic oil stone). Now the new hair dryer is ready to replace the air box, the air hammer instead of the sledgehammer, and the grinder instead of the grinding stone.

Everything else is the same. New equipment, cutting machine, electric drill, electric welding machine. You don't have to be too serious about striking iron, and young people nowadays can't stand that sin.

Stoves, bellows, hammers, tongs, anvils.

The ancients actually struck iron very simply, that is, the iron was burned red and then constantly and rhythmically beaten into the shape you wanted. After that, it's time to cool down.

There is alchemy in ancient times, so all kinds of ores have been refined, and there are all kinds of metals refined, not only iron, but also copper, gold, tin, etc., and iron ore is easy to obtain, so the most iron, the skills of iron-making are more, iron is used in ancient daily life, and the folk began to beat iron methods are also varied, and then continue to summarize and improve, so the water products are becoming more and more mature. Fire percussion, continuous percussion compaction, or add other metals, or quenching in water or oil, in short, there are many other folk crafts for striking iron.

Prospecting - smelting - tapping - remelting - heating - refining - tapping - forging ......

When planning the art of war, he took the opportunity to ask: "Have you ever met a strange person when you traveled from south to north?" "Zican told me about the big iron spine, so I wrote "The Legend of the Big Iron Spine". Big Iron Spine, I don't know where it is...

1. Adopt the original manual forging method before industrialization.

2. Value: traditional culture and technology need to be inherited. Culture is accumulated over a long period of time, and the rapid development of society has been promoted by industrialization in just a hundred years, but machines are not omnipotent, and culture cannot be abandoned.

3. Mainly used for weapons, agricultural tools, tools, living utensils and other applications. It is widely used in life.

4. Ignition, pulling the bellows, putting the iron into the furnace, clamping out the iron with pliers and putting it on the iron felt to repeatedly make shapes, dip the fire, pawn the fire, and polish (three points of iron and seven points of grinding).

5. Iron shovels, ploughs, shovels, iron ploughshares, adzes, axes, axes, and shovels.

6. Bellows, furnaces, fire covers, iron felt, accessories, hammers (sledgehammers, small hammers, round hammers, flat hammers), all kinds of iron tongs, water, oil, grinding tools.

Beginner iron striker, if it is wrong, give me a lot of advice.

Tradition should be inherited, and do not do to others what you do not want to be done to yourself. If you like traditional culture, study and study it carefully, and speak with action.

The principle of iron quenching is to quench the iron to a certain hardness, and then quench it from the high temperature into the water instantly, and the quenching hardness can come up. This results in a product that is harder, harder, and of better quality.

In order to make products, the product should have high hardness, quenching, quenching, and quenching hardness can come up.

Striking iron is a primitive forging process that prevailed in the countryside before the eighties of the last century. This process, although primitive, is very practical; Although it may seem simple, it is not easy to learn.

The quenching of steel is a heat treatment process in which the steel is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature AC3 (sub-eutectic steel) or AC1 (super-eutectic steel), kept warm for a period of time to make all or part of the austenite 1, and then cooled to below ms (or isothermal near ms) at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate for martensite (or bainite) transformation. Solution treatment of materials such as aluminum alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys, tempered glass, etc., or heat treatment processes with a rapid cooling process are usually referred to as quenching.

The quenching effect originally means that after the metal workpiece is heated to a certain temperature, it is immersed in the coolant (oil, water, etc.), and after cooling treatment, the performance of the workpiece is better and more stable. Psychology defines this as the "quenching effect". There is a similar phenomenon in education, which is called "cold treatment".

Different rigs have to be done in different ways.

1. When firing, the iron is soft, and the iron is shaped by forging the iron to produce iron that meets the production needs.

2. The process of forging in ancient manual forging is a processing method that exerts pressure on the metal blank through manual repeated and uniform beating to produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings with a certain shape, size and mechanical strength. It can be said that in the hands of the old blacksmith, hard pieces of iron can be squared, round, long, flat, and pointed.

3. The finished iron products are matched with the traditional production methods, such as plows, harrows, hoes, pickaxes, sickles, etc. There are also some daily necessities, such as kitchen knives, spatula, planers, scissors, etc., in addition to door knockers, bubble nails, door plugs, etc.

When the iron is red, the brittleness is the most lost. And if you don't take advantage of the red to hammer. It is difficult to carry out the early stereotyping

Now too, to get rid of carbon and other impurities.

Because when striking iron in modern times, it is also necessary to keep fighting.

1, rest 2, think 3, strike iron 4, should use molds.