The more complete the explanation of modern Chinese nouns, the better

Chinese is the language of the Han nation, and modern Chinese is the language used by the modern Han nation. Modern Chinese has a variety of dialects, as well as a common national language. The common language of the modern Han nationality is the Mandarin language with Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms.

Modern Chinese has two different forms: spoken and written.

Idiomatic expressions refer to the short and stereotyped idioms in people's spoken language, most of which are three-character verb-object phrases, and there are also other formats, such as: verb-object style: playing tricks, going through the motions, playing guerrilla, beating side drums, digging the foot of the wall,

Partial formal: dismounting, hindsight, iron rice bowl, wall grass.

Subject-predicate: God knows.

Some words have several meanings, and the status of several meanings is not equal, and at least one of them is basic and commonly used, and these basic and commonly used ones are called basic meanings, and the meanings produced on the basis of the basic meanings through deduction and development are extended meanings. For example, the basic meaning of "deep" is "the distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the water is large", and other things such as profound, deep, long, and heavy are all derived.

For example, the basic meaning of "running" is "two or four legs moving forward quickly", and then the meaning of "running for a certain matter" and "the object has left its place where it should be".

A root is a morpheme that has a concrete and tangible lexical meaning and at the same time assumes the main lexical meaning of the whole word in the word. Therefore, it is also known as the real morpheme, which is the fundamental element of the formation of words. Affix.

A morpheme that can only form a new word by sticking to the root, it cannot form a word on its own. The affix that adheres to the front of the root is called a prefix, the affix that adheres to the back of the root is called a suffix, and the affix that is inserted in the middle of the root is called a suffix. Such as:

Tiger, tiger is the root word, always a prefix. Knife, knife is the root, and sub is the suffix.

Grammatical meaning refers to the content of grammar, the grammatical function that each word plays in a sentence.

Words are made up of morphemes, which are one level higher than morphemes. A word is the smallest unit of language that can be used independently, and in a language, it is the second-to-last. This sentence illustrates the role of words in language, firstly, to say that words can be used independently, and secondly, to say that it is the smallest of the linguistic units that can be used independently.

But when it comes to independent use, there is a difference between real and virtual words. In the case of real words, they can act as sentence components on their own.

"Independent use" refers to the ability to speak alone (separate sentences) or single (separate syntactic components or separate grammatical functions).

The method of word formation is the process keyword arrangement.

In terms of syllables, there are monosyllabic and disyllabic, as well as polysyllabic, such as: mountain, beauty, linguistics, socialism, electronic computer, etc.

General method of determining words:

First, it can be said alone.

Second, although it cannot be said alone, the smallest linguistic unit that can be used as a syntactic component in a general context is a word.

Third, all the units that are syntactic components in the sentence are raised, and the rest cannot be regarded as a part of a certain word in the sentence, although it cannot be said separately under the conditions of dialogue. However, it is generally a virtual word, and there are very few real words.

Fourth, the separation method. For example, if a word cannot be inserted in the middle, it is a word.

1.Language: Structurally speaking, language is a system of symbols that combines sound and meaning; Functionally speaking, language is the most important communication and thinking tool for human beings. The elements that make up a language are phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar. It comes in two different forms, spoken and written.

2.Modern Chinese: In a narrow sense, it refers to Putonghua, the common language of the modern Han nation, and in a broad sense, modern Chinese refers to both the Mandarin and dialects used by the modern Han people.

3.The common language of the modern Han people: The common language of the modern Han people is "Mandarin with Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and classic modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms".

4.Dialect: Dialect is commonly known as local dialect, which is a local branch of the national language, which is only spoken in a certain area and is the language used by the people in the local area.

5.Sound quality: also known as "timbre", refers to the characteristics of the sound. It is the most important element used to distinguish meaning from language. There are three main conditions for different timbres: different articulation bodies; The way it is pronounced is different; The resonator is different when pronouncing.

6.Phoneme: It is the smallest unit of language from the perspective of sound quality. It is the smallest unit that makes up syllables. It can be divided into two categories: consonants and vowels.

7.Syllabic: is the basic unit of speech structure and the smallest fragment of speech that is naturally felt. Generally speaking, a syllable corresponds to a Chinese character, with the exception of childization.

8.Tone: Refers to the change in pitch in a syllable that has a distinguishing effect. Chinese is a tonal language.

Modern Chinese refers to the language used by the modern Han people, including a variety of dialects and the common language of the Han people.

Modern Chinese in the broad sense refers to the language used by the Han people, which includes not only modern standard Chinese (Putonghua), but also all dialects of Chinese, while modern Chinese in the narrow sense only refers to the common language of the modern Han nation - modern standard Chinese Mandarin.

Formation. A common language is formed on the basis of a dialect, which is called a base dialect. Which dialect can become the basis dialect of a common language depends on the political, economic, cultural, demographic and other factors of the dialect area.

Form. Written and spoken languages make up the different forms of existence of language. The language that is written down is called written language, and spoken language refers to the spoken language of everyday use.

Peculiarity. Phonology.

1) There are no compound consonants.

2) Vowels predominate.

3) The syllables are neat and concise.

4) There is a tone.

2. Vocabulary.

1) There are many monosyllabic morphemes, and two-syllable words are dominant.

2) Extensive use of root compound method in word formation.

3) There are many homophones.

3. Grammatical aspects.

1) The Chinese means of expressing grammatical meaning are not very formal.

2) The structural principles of words, phrases, and sentences are basically the same.

3) The relationship between parts of speech and syntactic components is complex.

4) Measure words and modal words are very abundant.

Mandarin. It is the common language of the Han nationality with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, the official dialect as the basic dialect, and the exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms.

The noun explanation of modern Chinese is: Modern Standard Chinese Mandarin.

Modern Chinese is not only a language, but also a discipline, with broad and narrow meanings, the broad and narrow meaning of modern Chinese refers to the language used by the Han people, which includes not only modern standard Chinese (Mandarin), but also includes all dialects of Chinese, while modern Chinese in the narrow sense only refers to the common language of the modern Han nation.

There are significant differences between modern Chinese dialects. Regarding the division of dialects, the academic community has not yet unified its views, with 7 districts and 10 districts speaking. In the 80s of the 20th century, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Australian Academy of Humanities jointly compiled the "Atlas of Chinese Chinese" and Liang divided Chinese dialects into 10 areas: Guan, Wu, Xiang, Gan, Hakka, Cantonese, Min, Jin, Hui and Pinghua.

Physical Properties of Modern Chinese1. Pitch: refers to the level of the voice, which depends on the speed of the vibration of the articulating body.

2. Sound intensity: refers to the strength of the sound, which is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.

3. Sound length: refers to the length of the sound, which is determined by the length of the vibration time of the articulatory body.

4. Timbre: refers to the characteristics of the sound, which is determined by the form of sound wave vibration.

<> Speech: Speech is the sound that expresses a certain meaning emitted by the articulatory organs when human beings speak, and speech is the material shell of language, and it is the material means by which the communicative function of language can be realized, and language must be expressed by virtue of the material carrier of speech. All speech has three properties, namely, physical, physiological, and social meanings.

Structurally speaking, language is a symbol system that combines phonetics and meanings with speech as the material shell, vocabulary as the building material, and grammar as the structural law. Functionally speaking, language is the most important communication tool for people, serving the social body without distinction in stages; From the perspective of people and culture, language is the carrier of culture, and people use language to accumulate knowledge to form culture. From the perspective of the relationship between people and the objective world, language is a tool for people to understand the world.

Pitch: It is the height of the sound, which is determined by the number of vibrations of the articulating body in a certain time: the more vibrations, that is, the higher the frequency, the higher the sound produced; Otherwise, the voice is low.

The tone of the Chinese language has changes in height and height, mainly the change of pitch and the intensity of the sound: that is, the strength of the sound, also known as the sound potential or volume, is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave vibration in a certain period of time: the amplitude of the sound wave vibration is large, the sound is strong; Otherwise, the voice is weak.