The development history of excavation machinery and the development trend of the excavator industry

Originally manual, the excavator has been more than 130 years since its invention in 2013, during which it has experienced a gradual development process from steam-driven bucket rotary excavators to electric-driven and internal combustion engine-driven rotary excavators, and fully automatic hydraulic excavators applying mechatronic and hydraulic integration technology. The first hydraulic excavator was invented by the Poclain factory in France. Due to the application of hydraulic technology, in the 40s of the 20th century, there was a hydraulic backhoe ground suspended excavator equipped with a tractor.

In 1951, the first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator was launched by the Poclain plant in France, which opened up a new space in the field of excavator technology development, and in the early and mid-50s of the 20th century, towed full-rotary hydraulic excavators and crawler full-hydraulic excavators were developed successively. The initial trial production of the hydraulic excavator is the use of aircraft and machine tool hydraulic technology, lack of hydraulic components suitable for various working conditions of the excavator, the manufacturing quality is not stable enough, the accessories are not complete. Since the 60s of the 20th century, hydraulic excavators have entered the stage of promotion and vigorous development, and the number of excavator manufacturers and varieties in various countries has increased rapidly, and the output has soared.

Between 1968 and 1970, the output of hydraulic excavators accounted for 83% of the total output of excavators, which was close to 100%.

The first generation of excavators: the emergence of electric motors and internal combustion engines has made excavators have advanced and suitable electric devices, so various excavator products have been born. In 1899, the first electric excavator appeared.

After the First World War, diesel engines were also used in excavators, and this type of mechanical excavator driven by a diesel engine (or electric motor) was the first generation of excavators.

The second generation of excavators: with the wide use of hydraulic technology, the excavator has a more scientific and applicable transmission device, hydraulic transmission instead of mechanical transmission is a big leap in excavator technology. In 1950, the first hydraulic excavator in Germany was born.

Mechanical drive hydraulicization is the second generation of excavators.

The third generation of excavators: the wide application of electronic technology, especially computer technology, makes the excavator have an automatic control system, and also makes the excavator develop in the direction of high performance, automation and intelligence. The germination of mechatronics took place around 1965, while the introduction of mechatronics technology on mass-produced hydraulic excavators around 1985 was mainly aimed at saving energy.

The electrification of excavators is the hallmark of the third generation of excavators.

Excavator industry manufacturers can be roughly divided into four categories. More than 7 percent of domestic excavators are occupied by foreign brands, domestic brands are still small digging and digging in the main, but the share of domestic excavators is gradually increasing, 2012 year-on-year increase.

In recent years, China has continued to expand the fields of infrastructure construction and transportation to meet the needs of China's rapid economic development. As an important construction machinery for excavating soil and sediment, excavators play a pivotal role in the entire engineering construction process, so the expansion of infrastructure, transportation and road construction projects in the future will promote the development of the excavator industry.

Major listed companies in the excavator industry:At present, the main listed companies in the domestic excavator industry are Sany Heavy Industry (Zoomlion), XCMG Machinery (Liugong Machinery, etc.).

Excavator sales, China's PPP infrastructure project investment.

1. Excavator sales rebounded

According to the data of the Construction Machinery Industry Association, the 25 host manufacturing enterprises included in the statistics in 2020 sold a total of 10,000 units of various excavation machinery products, a year-on-year increase compared with 2019. Among them, the sales volume in the domestic market increased year-on-year compared with 2019. export sales volume, a year-on-year increase compared with 2019.

In terms of product market structure, in December 2020, 3,517 large excavators were sold, a year-on-year increase over 2019; sales of medium-sized excavators were 7,451 units, a year-on-year increase; 16,351 small excavators were sold, a year-on-year increase of 42% over 2019.

2. Excavators are widely used

In China, most of the construction projects need to dig out the earthwork first. For example, in the process of infrastructure construction, it is necessary to dig out the earth, install natural gas and other pipelines and then landfill them, and in this process, Sun Yinzhong needs to use excavators to complete the excavation and landfilling. Similarly, in the process of real estate construction and highway construction, it is also necessary to dig out the earthwork and lay a solid foundation to ensure the quality of the project.

On the whole, excavators are almost necessary construction machinery in the fields of infrastructure, transportation and road construction, real estate, mining and mining, and have a wide range of use.

3. Infrastructure projects promote the growth of demand for excavators

At present, China is in a period of rapid economic development, and the demand for infrastructure, transportation, real estate and other projects is increasing, so in the future, China needs to increase efforts to carry out engineering construction to meet the increasing population. In the process of infrastructure construction and road construction, a large number of excavators are needed to carry out engineering operations, so in the future, with the increase of municipal engineering and road construction projects in China, the demand for engineering excavators in China will also increase.

-- China has a large number of infrastructure projects

In the future, China will continue to increase transportation infrastructure. In the "National Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline", it is mentioned that by 2035, a modern and high-quality comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network will be built and 123 travel traffic circles will be realized across the country. In the work report of the two sessions, a targeted plan was also made for the transportation infrastructure construction project in 2021.

——Excavator sales may continue to increase in the future

4. The development of the excavator industry is showing a trend of intelligence and energy saving

With the development of modern technologies such as 5G, in the future, China's mining opportunities will develop towards the trend of intelligence and electronics, and autonomous driving and remote operation will become possible; At the same time, in the future, excavators will comply with China's environmental protection policies and develop towards a more fuel-saving and environmentally friendly trend.

Since the end of the sixties of the last century, China began to develop and develop excavator products, after just more than 40 years, especially in the reform and opening up of more than 30 years, China's excavator manufacturing industry has developed particularly rapidly.

Data show that in 2010, there were 252 enterprises above designated size in China's excavator manufacturing industry, achieving sales of 100 million yuan, product sales profit of 100 million yuan, and a total profit of 100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of more than 80%.

According to the "Prospect of China's Excavator Manufacturing Industry Production and Marketing Demand and Investment Analysis Report" released by the Prospective Industry Research Institute, China's excavator market has increased by an average of 30% in the past ten years and has become one of the largest markets in the world. Judging from the current situation, China is in the peak period of infrastructure construction in road traffic, energy and water conservancy, urban construction and other aspects, the market demand for excavators is increasing year by year, and the actual cumulative sales of excavators in the country in 2010 exceeded 10,000 units, a year-on-year increase.

On the whole, the domestic ownership of the excavator is low, but the product is high, the sales model is mainly financial leasing or bank mortgage, once the credit has a code to accompany the relaxation, excavator sales will be the best product.

Although affected by the economic crisis, the growth rate has declined, but with the recovery of China's economy, China's excavator market capacity is still very large, there is still a lot of growth, and the growth rate in the next few years will also remain at 15%.

Hope mine is helpful to you.

After the 17th century, the capitalist commodity economy developed rapidly in Britain, France and other countries, and many people in the state devoted themselves to improving the machine needed for various industries and developing a new power machine, the steam engine.

The main material for making machinery gradually changed from wood to metal.

The machinery manufacturing industry began to take shape and gradually became an important industry.

Mechanical engineering has developed from a decentralized skill that mainly relies on the talent and craftsmanship of individual craftsmen to a theoretically guided, systematic and independent engineering technology.

Mechanical engineering was the main technical factor that contributed to the industrial revolution and the capitalist mass production of machinery in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The development of engineering technology has not only improved the material civilization and living standards of human beings, but also played a destructive role in the natural environment.

Since the middle of the 20th century, two serious problems have been exposed: the massive consumption of resources, the most serious of which is energy, and the serious pollution of the environment.

In terms of energy, the dependence on non-renewable fossil energy can be reduced by improving nuclear fission power units, developing solar energy, geothermal, tidal energy, and seawater temperature difference energy.

In the long run, nuclear fusion is a promising and almost endless energy source for the future.

Building on the future achievements of nuclear physics, mechanical engineering, together with other engineering technologies, to complete the development and diffusion power plant in the 21st century may completely solve the world's energy problems.

The use of this new energy source can eliminate carbon dioxide pollution to the atmosphere at the same time.

Metal deposits in the earth's crust and seawater are extremely abundant.

As long as the mining and beneficiation technology is improved and the performance of mining and beneficiation machinery is improved, so as to reduce the ore grade that can be economically utilized, and fully improve the metal waste, under the condition of sufficient energy, the metal material resources are not scarce.

After coal, oil, natural gas, etc. are no longer used as fuels in large quantities and are mainly used as raw materials for synthetic materials, the quality of non-metallic materials can also be guaranteed in the long run.

Environmental pollution sources such as waste gas and wastewater generated in the production process of chemical engineering and metallurgical engineering can be technically eliminated by improving the process, increasing the purification machinery and facilities, and improving their purification efficiency.

Mechanical engineering has always been to increase production, improve labor productivity, and improve the economy of production, that is, to develop new mechanical products with the goal of improving the interests of human beings.

In the coming era, the development of new products will reduce resource consumption, develop clean renewable energy, and treat, reduce and eliminate environmental pollution as the super-economic goal and task.

The origins of agricultural machinery can be traced back to the days when primitive societies used simple farm tools. In China, the Yangshao culture of the Neolithic period (about 5000 BC to 3000 BC) had primitive tools for cultivating the land. Copper plowshares have been used for oxen ploughing since the 13th century BC.

By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the 3rd century BC, a series of iron and wooden agricultural tools such as ploughing, sowing, harvesting, processing and irrigation were already available. Around 90 B.C., Zhao Guo invented the three-line cocoon, that is, the three-row seed drill, and its basic structure is still used today. By the 9th century, a well-structured animal-powered mouldboard plough had been formed.

In ancient books such as Qi Min Yaoshu (c. 540), The Book of Leiyun (c. 880), Wang Zhen's Book of Agriculture (c. 1310), and Tiangong Kaiwu (1637), there are detailed records of the various machinery and tools used in agricultural production in various periods. In the West, primitive wooden ploughs originated in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and iron ploughshares began to be used around 1000 BC.

In the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, new animal-powered agricultural tools were widely developed, such as foot plows, hoes, seeders, harvesters and water wheels. In the late 50s, China began to establish a tractor and its supporting agricultural machinery manufacturing industry. Luoyang No. 1 Tractor Factory was completed and put into operation in 1959.

In 1972, the successful creation of a boat-type tractor (machine cultivator) provides traction power for a variety of purposes in the paddy fields of southern China, especially in the perennial waterlogged areas of the Litian area. By the end of 1984, the number of large and medium-sized tractors in the country (except Taiwan Province) reached 10,000, small and walk-behind tractors reached 10,000, agricultural automobiles reached 350,000, agricultural drainage and irrigation power machinery reached 6.15 million, agricultural water pumps reached 10,000, large and medium-sized tractors supporting agricultural machinery reached 10,000, small and walk-behind tractors supporting agricultural machinery reached 10,000, grain combine harvesters reached 35,861, feed grinders reached 10,000, flour grinders, rice mills, ginning machines and oil presses totaled 10,000 units. The total power of agricultural power is up to kilowatts. In 1984, the area of machine cultivation reached 100 million mu, accounting for 39% of the cultivated area.

The area of electromechanical irrigation is 100 million mu, accounting for the irrigated area.

Originally manual, the excavator has been invented for more than 130 years, and has experienced a variety of drive methods such as steam-driven, electric-driven, and internal combustion engine drive.

After the 40s of the 20th century, hydraulic technology was applied to excavators, and in the 50s of the 20th century, the crawler full hydraulic excavator that people common today was developed.

The three most important parameters of an excavator are: vehicle weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.

In 1951, the first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator was introduced at the Poclain plant in France, thus opening up a completely new space in the field of excavator technology.

The first manufacturer to invent the backhoe loader - Case.

Case – the pioneer of crawler and wheeled excavators.

In 1951, the first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator was introduced at the Poclain plant in France, thus opening up a completely new space in the field of excavator technology. In 1961, the Poclain plant reintroduced the TY45 wheeled hydraulic excavator, making it recognized as the best excavator manufacturer in the industry. In the mid-'60s, Case had 6 models of excavators produced and sold in the United States.

In 1968, the Poclain plant was officially incorporated into the Case umbrella, which further strengthened the R&D and manufacturing capabilities of Case excavators.

Today, Case has become a manufacturer of a full range of large, medium and small excavator products. Each model has its own unique performance. The "tailless rotation" feature on the Case small and medium-sized excavator makes it particularly suitable for operations in small spaces and fully guarantees construction safety.

The Case CX Series "Thinking" hydraulic excavators combine best-in-class productivity and quality to be the premium of the excavator market. The reason why it is called a "thinking" excavator is because the CX series has state-of-the-art engine and hydraulic system manufacturing technology, which allows the engine to "think" and automatically select the most suitable power distribution and output according to the operating conditions, and finally achieve efficient, economical and high-yield results.