Conservation measures for grottoes, cave temple protection techniques

Take Longmen Grottoes as an example 1. Rescue and reinforcement project Beginning in the 50s of the 20th century, the establishment of the Longmen Cultural Relics Protection Management Agency has properly protected the grottoes. In the 70s, the Longmen Grottoes began a new period of protection by scientific and technological means. From 1971 to 1985, in view of the caves, carvings and dangerous rocks that were about to collapse, modern engineering technologies such as chemical grouting and reinforcement rivet rod reinforcement were adopted, and a series of rescue and reinforcement projects were carried out successively, and the nine Buddhas of Fengxian Temple, the drainage ditch of Fengxian Temple, and the monument of Yique Buddha Shrine were repaired and reinforced, so that the caves and carvings turned from danger to safety.

2. Comprehensive treatment project In order to effectively solve the safety problem of grotto carvings, according to the grotto disease investigation and maintenance practice, it was decided to carry out a planned comprehensive treatment project. In 1986, the "Longmen Grottoes Protection and Maintenance Plan" was formulated. In 1987, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the implementation of the "Longmen Grottoes Comprehensive Treatment Project".

From 1987 to 1992, it lasted 5 years, and the main projects were carried out in 5 years: rock mass and cave reinforcement, construction of cave eaves, fences, step plank roads, waterproof facilities, cave leakage treatment test and other projects, the safety of Longmen Grottoes has been basically guaranteed, and the comprehensive treatment has achieved the expected purpose. Through the implementation of these maintenance projects, the rock mass and the main caves of the east and west mountains of Longmen Grottoes have been reinforced, the stability of the rock mass has been basically solved, the leakage situation of the caves has been improved, and the tour roads have reached the main caves, and the appearance of Longmen Grottoes has been changed.

3. Strengthen the improvement of the surrounding environment of Longmen Grottoes In order to reduce the impact of train vibration on the cultural relics of the grottoes, the Longmen Tunnel of Jiaozhi Railway was abandoned in 1995 and moved 700 meters east to build a new tunnel; From 1997 to 2000, it invested more than 200 million yuan to remediate a large number of illegal and uncoordinated buildings (structures) inside and outside the Longmen Grottoes, demolished 93 uncoordinated buildings and appurtenances such as the Zhonghua Dragon Palace, closed down 91 polluting enterprises in the upper reaches of the Yihe River, and banned 645 quarries, quartz sand factories, brick and tile factories and lime kilns; relocation of 16 state-owned units and 716 households; 1 ecological parking lot of 10,000 square meters, 1 bluestone square of 10,000 square meters, and 520 acres of new green space have been built. The large-scale demolition and management has completely improved the environmental appearance of the Longmen Grottoes, making the Longmen Grottoes successfully declared as a world cultural heritage. Since then, the people of Luoyang City have taken the world heritage as a new starting point and continued to increase investment in environmental remediation.

Outside the reserve, two Yihe highway bridges were built in the north and south, which completely solved the problem of vibration and pollution caused by car transit in the reserve. In April 2003, the Longmen Grottoes Conservation Area was managed in a closed manner, fulfilling the commitment made to UNESCO at the time of nomination ahead of schedule. In 2004, 3 cement plants and more than 140 lime kilns were closed.

In 2002 and 2003, more than 500 acres of farmland were returned to forest in Longmen Dongshan, which made Longmen Mountain clear and beautiful, harmonious between humanity and nature, clean and orderly scenic spots, and the environmental appearance and quality of Longmen Grottoes have undergone great changes.

1. Promulgation of laws and regulations related to the protection of grottoes.

2. Be persistent"Protection first, rescue first.

1. Rational use and strengthening management"The principle of correctly handling the relationship between the protection of cultural relics and economic development and the production and life of the masses of the people.

3. In the area around the grottoes, no new permanent megapermanent buildings and structures shall be built, construction projects unrelated to the protection of cultural relics shall not be carried out, blasting, drilling, excavation and other operations shall not be carried out, and facilities that pollute cultural relics and damage the environment shall not be constructed.

4. It is necessary to scientifically verify and control the carrying capacity of tourists, and take measures such as zoning and sailing and hail rentals or limiting the number of tourists for open caves to ensure the safety of cultural relics and tourists.

5. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific research, cooperation and application of the technology for the protection of cultural relics in the grottoes, and repair and maintain the cultural relics in a timely manner in accordance with the principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relics.

1. Promulgation of laws and regulations related to the protection of grottoes.

2. Be persistent"Protection first, rescue first.

1. Rational use and strengthening management"The principle of correctly handling the relationship between the protection of cultural relics and economic development and the production and life of the masses of the people.

3. No new permanent buildings and structures shall be built in the area around the grottoes, no construction projects unrelated to the protection of cultural relics, no blasting, drilling, excavation and other operations, and no facilities shall be constructed that pollute cultural relics and damage the environment.

4. It is necessary to scientifically verify and control the carrying capacity of tourists, and take measures such as zoning and rotation or limiting the number of tourists to ensure the safety of cultural relics and tourists.

5. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific research, cooperation and application of the technology for the protection of cultural relics in the grottoes, and repair and maintain the cultural relics in a timely manner in accordance with the principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relics of the Shi family.

Summary. Hello! Kiss!

Based in Luoyang, this major is oriented to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage, and cultivates technical talents for the restoration and protection of cave temples with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor. This major adapts to the needs of the cultivation of national cave temple protection talents, and learns the relevant skills of cave temple protection and restoration, such as the technology of investigation, exploration, and detection of cave temple diseases; rock mass reinforcement, water hazard control, weatherproof protection technology; Stone cultural relics restoration, mural restoration, painted statue restoration technology. Cultivate high-quality technical and skilled personnel who can be competent for the practical work of cave temple protection.

Career prospects for this profession.

Hello! Kiss! Based in Luoyang, this major is oriented to the cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage protection industry, and cultivates macro and quiet technical talents for the restoration and protection of cave temples with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor.

This major adapts to the needs of the training of national cave temple protection talents, and learns the relevant skills of cave temple protection and restoration, such as the technology of investigation, exploration, and detection of cave temple diseases; rock mass reinforcement, water hazard control, weatherproof protection technology; Stone cultural relics restoration, mural restoration, painted statue restoration technology. Cultivate high-quality technical and skilled personnel who can be competent for the practical work of cave temple protection.

Employment direction prospects: in the ** cultural relics management, rent, hail management and cave temple protection department; museums, cultural relics, repair, protection, exhibitions, etc.; Archaeology, cultural relics, education and other departments are engaged in the management, research, protection and restoration of immovable cultural relics grottoes, temples, buildings and other work and sails.

1.**Invest in maintenance and establish a professional cultural relics restoration and maintenance team. 2.Carry out international cooperation, learn from foreign cultural relics maintenance new technology, and use high-tech means to maintain grotto statues. 3.Control the number of visitors to the site.

b.Through the Internet, the global sharing function of the digital grotto resource library is realized, and the dissemination and exchange of grotto culture is realized.

c.Take the essence and remove the dross, and inherit the intangible cultural heritage through continuous learning and innovation.

d.Increase the contact and cooperation with art colleges and universities inside and outside the national shed core, increase the research and development and promotion of cultural and creative products, and strengthen the protection and research talents and team building of the cave temple.

Through the Internet, the global sharing function of the digital grotto resource library is realized, and the dissemination and exchange of grotto culture is realized.

Take the essence and remove the dross, and inherit the intangible cultural heritage through continuous learning and innovation.

Increase the contact and cooperation with art colleges and universities at home and abroad, increase the research and development and promotion of cultural and creative products, and strengthen the protection of the cave temple and the construction of research and research talents and teams.

In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are willing to choose to spend holidays in the way of tourism, and grotto tours with profound historical and cultural atmosphere have also become the choice of many tourists. At the same time, the news of the destruction of cultural relics in the grotto scenic area is frequent, and today we might as well talk about how to protect the grotto cultural relics scenic spot. <>

Longmen Grottoes and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are two well-known grotto scenic spots, and we will take them as an example to analyze the reasons for the destruction of grotto cultural relics.

First of all,Due to the age of the grotto cultural relics, the cultural relics that have been baptized by war and devastated by wind and rain are already fragile. <>

The Buddha statues in the Longmen Grottoes are mottled due to thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, and the murals in the Mogao Grottoes have also faded or even stripped off the stone walls due to moisture invasion and other reasons.

Secondly, in the process of developing grotto scenic spots, due to the early development method is too rough and simple, and the planning is not reasonable, the cultural relics are often destroyed, and the over-exploitation of the grotto cultural relics itself is a kind of damage.

Finally, after the development of the scenic spot, due to the inadequate management of the scenic spot and the uncivilized behavior of some tourists, the grotto was destroyed again.

To sum up, the reasons for the destruction of grotto scenic spots are mainly natural and believable, and we can prescribe the right medicine.

In terms of nature, the development of science and technology has given us more ways to protect cultural relics. The relevant departments of the scenic spot can use high-tech technology to carry out in-depth protection of statues and murals. At the same time, the development of new Internet technology can also allow the grottoes to be displayed in the form of data graphics to meet the viewing needs of tourists.

On the human side, it is necessary for the scenic spot to take into account the protection of the grotto cultural relics in the place of development. At the same time, strengthen the management of personnel in the scenic spot, guide tourists to enjoy civilization, and let everyone pay attention to the protection of cultural relics through the publicity of when. <>

Grotto relics are a precious heritage left to us by our ancestors, and we should work together to protect them.

When you go to the cave temple, don't touch it with your hands, don't just look at it with your eyes, some people will climb on the body of some Buddha statues, which is also bad, and the scenic spot should strengthen the publicity work of protecting cultural relics.

To protect the grotto temple and other cultural relics scenic spots, the state and scenic spots should first issue clear policies and regulations to stipulate the number of tourists per day, as well as serious penalties for damage to cultural relics and scenic spots.

Scientific maintenance, try to avoid excessive commercial development, control the number of visitors, and maintain a good natural environment. This will reduce the amount of damage to it.

We need to introduce some hard and fast rules to protect our cultural relics scenic spots, otherwise there will be a lot of *** on the Internet to visit such a handwriting, which will make people feel very annoying, and at the same time set up more garbage bins for tourists to classify and throw them in.