The principle of gear movement of a mechanical watch, what is the principle of operation of a mechan

Mechanical clocks achieve accurate and uniform movement at a constant speed, relying on the "escapement" installed inside.

Mechanical watches. The power to work is provided by the mainspring inside the watch, which is installed in the barrel. This box also contains the first gear, which is responsible for pushing the shank and gear:

**Tooth shank and gear then push the third tooth shank and gear; the third shank and gear then push the fourth shank and gear; The fourth gear pushes the escapement gear. The speed at which these gears rotate is controlled by the escapement. The escapement is the most complex part of a mechanical watch and is mainly composed of balance gears, balance springs, levers and escape gears.

It transmits the force generated by the mainspring to the balance gear, which swings back and forth. When the balance gear swings back and forth, it drives the lever to swing back and forth, so that the small protrusions on the pawl and the teeth on the escape gear engage and loosen in sequence. The ticking sound that a mechanical watch makes when it is working is made by the activity here.

The speed and regularity of the swing of the balance gear determines whether a mechanical watch can accurately keep time.

The large pendulum clock is to rely on the isochronous swing of the "pendulum" (equivalent to a single pendulum, a small watch, and the length of the hairspring is also equivalent to the "pendulum length" of a single pendulum to control the period of the pendulum.

Mechanical principle of the watch gears.

The only difference between the automatic mechanical watch and the ordinary mechanical watch is that there is no manual winding handle in the automatic mechanical watch, but a rotating hammer around the clockwork gear is set in the watch, when the human hand is moving, the hammer will do a small circular motion, drive the clockwork gear, the clockwork is full, when the clockwork is tight to a certain extent, the hammer is still moving, but the gear is idling, no longer give the clockwork strength.

Mechanical watches should be divided into automatic mechanical watches, semi-automatic mechanical watches, mechanical watches three kinds, the above is basically right, but the clockwork is full of gear does not idle, is the structure of the clockwork is different from ordinary mechanical watches, will automatically relax a little, automatic mechanical watches and semi-automatic mechanical watches are divided into automatic mechanical watches of the hammer two-way work, semi-automatic mechanical watches are one-way work.

The core of the principle of a mechanical watch is:The periodicity of the balance wheel movement is used to determine the "1 second" time interval. The elastic deformation of the mainspring is used to provide timekeeping power to compensate for the frictional losses of the balance wheel movement.

A precise gear train is used to determine the rotational speed relationship of the hour, minute and second hands. In the case of self-winding mechanical watches, there is also a mechanism that uses the energy of the oscillating weight movement to wind the wind.

There are many types of automatic watches, but the working principle is roughly the same. The self-winding mechanism is mounted behind the movement and can be seen when the back cover is opened. Automatic Swiss watch movements are generally thicker.

Generally, the automatic table of the reversing wheel structure is composed of an automatic hammer (heavy hammer), a reversing wheel, an automatic transmission wheel, an automatic head wheel, etc.

The automatic hammer is fixed to the central automatic hammer shaft with screws. The effect of external force is high, it rotates around the center, drives the reversing wheel, the reversing wheel axle tooth pushes the automatic transmission wheel to rotate, the automatic transmission wheel pushes the automatic head wheel, and the automatic head wheel meshes with the large steel wheel tooth, so that the large steel wheel rotates one tooth and one tooth and goes up. The fully automatic watch is an autocrater that can be turned in either direction.

It is different from a one-way reversing device, a bidirectional reversing device or a ratchet pawl device.

Daily maintenance of mechanical watches:

1. There will be some parts made of steel or iron inside the watch, if it is affected by the magnetic field for a long time, it will cause the operation of these parts to fail, so we should try to avoid the watch from contacting the magnetic field for a long time, but the charger and TV have a certain magnetic field in life, when you find that the watch timing is not accurate, you can consider sending it to the watch store for demagnetization.

2. At present, the sapphire mirror on the market is the most difficult to scratch, and it is recommended not to put it together with hard objects to avoid the mirror being scratched. There are also some protective measures, such as applying a film to the surface of the watch, which can also effectively prevent scratching the mirror.

3. Too strenuous exercise should be avoided when wearing a mechanical watch, including running, ball sports, and even violent applause, in the process of exercise, the strong centrifugal force is easy to make the dislocation of the internal parts of the watch, so that the timing is not accurate, and the sweat after strenuous exercise will also corrode the rubber ring in the waterproof watch, resulting in a decrease in waterproof ability.

Mechanical clocks come in a variety of configurations, but they work on the same principle. The clock is mainly composed of the prime mover system, the transmission train, the escapement governor, the pointer system and the upper dial system. Mechanical clocks use a mainspring as the power of the prime mover system, which is driven by a set of gears to drive the escapement governor, which in turn controls the speed of the transmission train.

The drive train drives the pointer mechanism as well as the escapement governor.

The speed of the drive train is controlled by the escapement, so that the hands indicate the time of day on the dial in a certain pattern. The upper pluck hand is a mechanism that tightens the spring or toggles the hands. In addition, there are additional mechanisms that add to the functions of the watch, such as an automatic strip mechanism, a calendar (double calendar) mechanism, an alarm mechanism, a moon phase indication and a measuring time mechanism.

Mechanical watch precautions

Mechanical watches have more or less errors every day due to various reasons, the daily error of ordinary mechanical watches is within the normal range of 30 seconds, the daily error of high-precision movements certified by the chronometer is generally controlled within 10 seconds, and the daily error of watches with the Patek Philippe seal is less than 5 seconds. Quartz watches are more accurate than mechanical watches, with daily errors within seconds.

Mechanical watches are precision instruments, and they need to be sent to professional institutions for regular maintenance every three years or so, and the cost of each maintenance is as little as three or four hundred, and as much as three or four thousand, so it is not a "once and for all" as rumored. Watch maintenance includes a series of complex maintenance processes such as mirror maintenance, case maintenance, strap maintenance, oil washing maintenance, spring maintenance, etc., so the maintenance cost of mechanical watches is also a large expense.

<>1. Mechanical watches rely on mainspring winding to provide power and keep time through gear transmission. Mechanical watches are divided into manual and automatic winding. Due to the complex structure, the phenotype is thicker and heavier.

Because of the characteristics of the principle of time, it is affected by gravity, mechanical friction, temperature changes, usage and other reasons.

2. Mainly from the wearer's wrist activity, the flying weight of the watch swings when the owner is active, so as to wind the watch, so when the wearer usually does not have much activity or does not wear it for a long time, the string force will be insufficient or empty, resulting in the mechanical watch is not accurate or stopped.

Summary. 1.The shape of the tooth top is an arc, the tooth root is a centripetal straight line, the two adjacent tooth roots are connected by the tooth root arc, the center of the tooth top arc of the tooth shaft tooth shape is on the index circle, the radius of the tooth top arc p is different, the longer the radius of the tooth top arc, the longer the tooth top height.

2.Wheel tooth shape The wheel tooth shape is similar to the tooth shaft tooth shape, the difference is that the center of the tooth top arc of the wheel tooth shape is not on the indexing circle, but on the center circle with a small radius of the ratio circle, some wheel tooth shapes have a tooth tip arc. The tooth thickness of the wheel is half of the tooth pitch, and the tooth thickness of the tooth shaft is less than half of the tooth pitch.

In the process of meshing between the wheel and the tooth shaft, there is a large tooth top clearance and tooth side clearance, so as to ensure the flexibility of transmission.

3.Pin wheel in the structure that does not require high precision and stability of gear transmission, the tooth of the gear shaft is replaced by the cylindrical pin (wheel pin), the meshing transmission of the wheel and the pin wheel is formed, this gear is called the pin wheel, the wheel is still the clock tooth shape in the pin wheel transmission, the pin wheel belongs to the tooth top, and the wheel pin is made of steel wire, fixed on the pin wheel disc, and the pin wheel disc is pressed on the wheel axle. Pin wheel transmission is used in the transmission system of mechanical alarm clocks and pendulum clocks.

4.Involute tooth shape An involute is the trajectory of a point on a straight line that rolls without sliding around the circumference of a circle.

What gears are there for mechanical watches.

1.The shape of the tooth top is an arc, the tooth root is a centripetal straight line, the adjacent two tooth roots are connected by the tooth root arc, the center of the tooth top arc of the tooth shaft tooth shape is on the index circle, the radius of the tooth top arc p is different, the longer the radius of the tooth top arc, the longer the tooth top height. 2.

Wheel tooth shape The wheel tooth shape is similar to the tooth shaft tooth shape, the difference is that the center of the tooth top arc of the wheel tooth shape is not on the indexing circle, but on the center circle with a small radius of the ratio round potato key, some wheel tooth shapes have tooth tip arcs. The tooth thickness of the wheel is half of the tooth pitch, and the tooth thickness of the tooth shaft is less than half of the tooth pitch. In the process of meshing between the wheel and the tooth shaft, there is a large tooth top clearance and tooth side clearance, so as to ensure the flexibility of the transmission slag.

3.Pin wheel in the structure that does not require high precision and stability of gear transmission, the tooth of the gear shaft is replaced by the cylindrical pin (wheel pin), the meshing transmission of the wheel and the pin wheel is formed, this gear is called the pin wheel, the wheel is still the clock tooth shape in the pin wheel transmission, the pin wheel belongs to the tooth top, and the wheel pin is made of steel wire, fixed on the pin wheel disc, and the pin wheel disc is pressed on the wheel axle. Pin wheel transmission is used in the transmission system of mechanical alarm clocks and pendulum clocks.

4.Involute tooth shape An involute is the trajectory of a point on a straight line that rolls without sliding around the circumference of a circle.

Hope mine is helpful to you.

Have a great day.

Categories: Education Science >> Science & Technology >> Engineering Technology Science.

Problem description: Dad, I bought a mechanical watch.

I always thought that the dials were not electronic watches, they were mechanical watches.

Ignorance. It turns out that mechanical watches are so expensive.

Can anyone briefly describe the principle of a mechanical watch.

Do not copy large sections.

The even watch was left there for a few days.

The time to go is wrong.

Occasionally, the time is readjusted

Analysis: I often go to the watch factory, so I have a general understanding.

Mechanical watches do not need any battery drive, which is different from the quartz watch with the hands, the second hand of the quartz watch is a second by second jump, and the second hand of the mechanical watch basically rotates at a uniform speed, in fact, it is not a small angle to jump.

The energy storage device of the mechanical watch is generally a clockwork, test manual winding and automatic winding, automatic winding is the so-called automatic mechanical watch, the automatic winding device is a partial center of gravity disc (fan), many mechanical watches are transparent at the bottom of the table, you can see. With the movement of the wrist, the disc rotates by inertia and is wound.

As for how the watch ensures the accuracy of the time, there is a speed-limiting device similar to the torsion function, and I forgot what it should be called. If the watch is not accurate, it is necessary to adjust the period of the twist to correct.

Mechanical watches of the same quality are much larger than quartz watches and liquid crystal electronic watches, because the movement of mechanical watches has relatively many more parts and components, and the production cost is high. As for the advantages of mechanical watches from the perspective of usability, I think they don't need to change the battery, they have a long service life, and the good ones can be passed down to the world.

The principle of mechanical watches is as follows:

Principle of manual mechanical watch:

Upper strip and dial needle mechanism: The main function is to transmit the external force to the prime mover mechanism, and the mainspring is tightened to generate potential energy, so that the rotation of the mechanical watch has power.

Prime mover mechanism: The prime mover mechanism is mainly composed of a mainspring, a box wheel, and a box cover, and the spring is an elastic element that stores the torque, driving the balance wheel to swing continuously.

Transmission mechanism: It is composed of some gear shafts and gear blades, which transmit the torque of the prime mover mechanism to the escapement speed regulating mechanism and drive the pointer to rotate.

Escapement speed regulating mechanism: The escapement action of the escapement teeth and fork pads is used to transmit the clockwork torque to the speed regulating assembly, and the clockwork torque is relaxed at the same speed.

Hand: Chronograph composed of second, minute and hour hands.

The principle of automatic mechanical watches

An automatic watch is a modification of a manual mechanical watch that adds an oscillating weight to the watch; When worn, the oscillating weight of the watch winds up the ETA2840 automatic movement by the movement of the wrist. Ordinary automatic watches still retain the function of manual winding, in other words, they can still be wound by turning the crown, and there are only some cheaper automatic movements.

For example, Seiko's 7S S36 and ETA's 2842 will omit this function. And since the movement of the wrist will continue to wind the watch, automatic watches have a function to prevent the mainspring from being too tight to avoid damage to the mainspring. However, the emergence of automatic watches has not completely replaced manual mechanical watches, but now there are more products of automatic watches than manual mechanical watches.

In recent years, there have been many improvements to automatic watches, such as Seiko's kinetic electric watch, which still uses the movement of the wrist to cause the rotor to rotate and generate electricity.

Automatic mechanical watches are based on ordinary mechanical watches, with the addition of a part of the automatic mechanism device, which automatically winds up through the action of the wearer's arm movement in daily life. The dial is printed with the word "automatic", which is an automatic watch. In the automatic mechanism, the hammer (automatic rotor) oscillates, and the special function of automatic strip loading is realized by linking the automatic strip train and the prime mover system.