What are the particles that transmit strong forces, what are the particles that transmit weak intera

Gluons are particles that transmit strong interactions between quarks (canonical bosons). There are 8 kinds in total, with a static mass of 0 and a spin of 1, with color charge. The electromagnetic interaction between charged particles is achieved by exchanging photons; By analogy, the strong interaction between quarks with color charges is achieved by exchanging gluons, except that photons are not charged, and the photons themselves cannot emit or absorb photons; Gluons have a color charge, and there is also a strong interaction between gluons, and the gluons themselves can release or absorb gluons.

No free gluon has been found, but the 1968 electron-to-proton deep inelastic scattering experiment showed that the proton has a dot-like structure, and only half of the proton's energy is carried by the charged dot-like matter, and the other half is carried by a neutral non-electromagnetic component. According to the quark model and quantum chromodynamics, the charged dot-like structure is a quark, and the neutral component is a gluon, and the experimental results provide an indication of the possible presence of gluons. In 1979, the three-injection phenomenon was discovered in the high-energy positron collision experiment, which further showed the existence of gluons.

w The boson is named after the word "weak" for weak nuclear force. The z-boson, on the other hand, is half-humorously named because it is "the last particle to be discovered". Another theory is that it got its name because the z boson has a zero charge.

There are two types of w bosons, which have +1(w+) and 1(w) unit charges, respectively. w+ is the antiparticle of w. The z-boson (z0) is electrically neutral and its own antiparticle.

All three particles are very short-lived, with a half-life of about 3 seconds.

These bosons are one of the heavier elementary particles. The mass of w is gev, while z is gev. They are almost a hundred times the mass of a proton – heavier than an iron atom.

The mass of the boson is very important because it limits the range of the weak nuclear force. In contrast, the phase range of the electromagnetic force is infinite because the photon has no mass.

The difference between the four forces is quite huge, if the strongest force is taken as 1, then the strength of the electromagnetic force is 1 100, the strength of the weak force is 1 millionth, and the gravitational force is only 10 to the 40th power.

But because gravity is additive, gravity can be the strongest force in the universe as long as the mass is large enough.