What is an allotrope? Help me

A variety of elemental substances formed by the same element are allotropic forms of each other. For example, diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

Many elements can form allotropes in the following ways: (1) different numbers of atoms in the molecule, such as oxygen and ozone; (2) the arrangement of atoms in the crystal is different, such as diamond and graphite; (3) The arrangement of molecules in the crystal is different, such as orthorhombic sulfur and monoclinic sulfur. Allotropes differ in physical properties and slightly different in chemical properties between them.

For example, oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas, while ozone is a light blue gas with a fishy smell. The boiling point of oxygen is -183, while the boiling point of ozone is -111 5; Oxygen is more stable than ozone, and it is not as oxidizing as ozone. It must be elemental. For example, oxygen and ozone, one is O2 and the other is O3

Diamond and graphite are both carbon made of the same element and in different forms.

Literally, it does.

There are: graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, spherical carbon or fullerian carbon.

White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus.

At low temperatures "gray tin" and tin, above °C it becomes "white tin" or tin.

Orthorhombic sulfur, monoclinic sulfur, elastic sulfur.

There are three allotropic forms of arsenic, which are yellow, black and gray in color.

Boron has a variety of allotropic forms: tetragonal, rhomboid, rhomboid, and amorphous, with metallic boron being black and amphoteric boron brown.

There are two allotropes of tellurium, one is a hexagonal crystal system, the atomic arrangement is spiral with a white metallic luster; The other is amorphous and has a black powder.

Selenium has two types of allotropic forms: amorphous brownish-red powder with a softening point of 323K; The most stable crystal is black, with a melting point of 490 K, and a density greater than that of amorphous.

Monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon.

As allotropes, first of all, they are certainly elemental.

Secondly, from a chemical point of view: the elements should be the same.

Then from a physical point of view: it may be the same or different (p - red phosphorus, white phosphorus, yellow phosphorus are solid, c - diamond and graphite are very different).

So the most important thing: the chemical composition is not unique and identical!

Hehe, study chemistry. In chemistry, there are not only elements but also their three-dimensional structures. Allotropes are two substances that have the same chemical elements but different structures.

Allotropes are different elemental compositions of the same element. For example: graphite and diamond, oxygen and ozone, white and red phosphorus, etc. Allotropes differ in their molecular composition or crystal structure, and there are distinct differences in their physical and chemical properties.

The most popular is that it is composed of the same element!!

But the form of expression is different.

Different states of the same element.

For example, graphite and diamond, oxygen and ozone.

Allotropes are chemical elements of the composition of the substance, the same number of atoms of the elements, their molecular formulas are different, their structural formulas are different, their chemical properties are basically the same, and they have worlds of differences in some properties

Different elements of the same element, such as diamond and graphite, red and white phosphorus, oxygen and ozone, etc. Note that it must be between the elements to be called allotropes.

Substances with different structures, shapes, and properties made of the same elements. For example, diamond and graphite.

Allotropes refer to elemental substances composed of the same single chemical element with different properties due to different arrangements. The differences in properties between allotropes are mainly manifested in physical properties, and there are also differences in activity in chemical properties. For example, the two allotropes of phosphorus, red phosphorus and white phosphorus, have ignition points of 240 and 40 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Allotropes have similar chemical properties. Taking the well-known diamond and graphite as an example, each carbon atom of diamond is covalently bonded with four adjacent carbon atoms to form a tetrahedral structure, which is a kind of proto-epiphyllite crystal.

Relationship with isotopes:

Allotropes are different elements of the same element, which are elemental, in other words they are substances. For example, graphite and diamond are substances, and they are the same element, but the structure is different, so it and Qi Feng are allotropic forms.

Whereas, an isotope is a different atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons, it is just an atom, for example, h without neutrons and h with one neutron or c1 and c1, they are just atoms, they are not separate substances so they are isotopes.

Allotropes are the mutual names of different elemental substances composed of the same element; An isotope is a mutual name for different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons; Isomers are mutual names for compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas; Homologues are substances that are structurally similar and differ in molecular composition by one or more clusters of CH2 atoms.

Differentiation of allotropes, isotopes, isomers, homologues:

1. The research objects are different.

Homologs and isomers study compounds; Allotropes study elemental matter; Isotopes are the study of atoms.

2. The structure is different.

The electron shell structure of isotopes is the same, but the structure of the nucleus is different; The elemental composition or structure of allotropes is different; The structure of the homologues is similar; The isomers of the isomers are identical.

3. The nature is different.

The physical properties of isotopes are different, and the chemical properties are the same; Allotropes have different physical properties and the same chemical properties; The physical properties of the congeners are different, and the chemical properties are similar. The physical properties of isomers are different, and the chemical properties are not necessarily the same.

4. The chemical formula is different.

The elemental symbols of isotopes are represented differently; The element symbols of allotropes represent the same, and the molecular formulas can be different; The chemical formula of the congeners is different; The chemical formula of the isomer is the same.

The differences between allotropes and isotopes are:

1. The essence is different: allotropes refer to different elementals of the same element, they are elemental, in other words it is a substance. For example, graphite and diamond, they are substances, and they are the same element, but the structure is different, so they are allotropes.

Isotopes are different atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers but the same number of protons, it's just atoms, for example, h without neutrons and h with one neutron or c1 and c1, they're just atoms, they're not separate substances, so they're isotopes.

2. Different properties: the chemical properties of isotopes are almost the same, but the physical properties are different. Allotropes differ greatly in both chemical and physical properties.

3. The applicable object is different: isotopes are suitable for atoms. Allotropes are suitable for elemental substances.

Encyclopedia - Isotopes.

Encyclopedia - Allotropes.