Information on the aging of the population in the world and in China

<>1. Reduction of mortality rate: With the improvement of material and cultural conditions and the progress of medical and health undertakings, the life expectancy of the elderly has been extended, the mortality rate has decreased, and the proportion of the elderly population has been increasing.

2. Declining birth rate: due to natural disasters.

Diseases and other human factors have led to a decrease in the birth rate, a decline in the proportion of children and adolescents in the population, and an increase in the proportion of the elderly population.

3. Ideological change: Today's young people have changed their thinking, and they don't want to have children and want to be a dink.

More and more families. The middle-aged and elderly are getting older, and there is no new population to fill them, resulting in an aging population.

It's getting worse day by day.

Population ageingThe status quo:Since the 90s of the 20th century, China's aging process has accelerated. The elderly population aged 65 and over increased from 62.99 million in 1990 to 88.11 million in 2000, and the proportion of the total population increased from the current Chinese population.

It has entered the senile type.

Trending:Rapidly developing population aging trends, and population fertility rates.

It is closely related to the decline in the birth rate, as well as the decline in mortality and the increase in life expectancy. At present, China's fertility rate has fallen below replacement level, and the life expectancy of the population.

and mortality rates are also close to those of developed countries.

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Controversy. In response to the view that "the problem of population aging is brought about by the family planning policy", the National Health and Family Planning Commission.

The person in charge said, "China's aging problem has a certain relationship with the family planning policy, but this is by no means the main reason, this is a common phenomenon in human society." ”

By 2035, China's labor force will remain above 800 million, which is equivalent to the population of all European countries combined. Therefore, the problem of the number of labor force in China will not appear for a long time, but the quality of labor force needs to be improved.

There has been an aging trend in China.

Population ageing is rooted in low fertility. It is generally accepted that if the total fertility rate[1] is below, the number of new births will not be sufficient to compensate for the number of parents. If the total fertility rate continues to be low, even if the total fertility rate can remain stable, the birth rate [2] will decrease year by year, and there will be three characteristics: the growth rate of the total population will slow down, the proportion of the working-age population will decline, and the proportion of the elderly population will increase, and the population structure will age.

China's total fertility rate fell below in 1992 and remained there for a long time after 1995. In recent years, many studies have pointed out that there has been an aging trend in China, and the results of the seventh population census confirm this judgment. At present, the current situation of China's population shows three characteristics under the trend of aging.

First, the growth rate of the total population has slowed further. In 2020, China's total population was 100 million people, and the total population increased between 2010 and 2020, which was lower than that in 2000-2010 (, significantly lower than in 1982-1990 (and 1990-2000 (.

Table 1: The trend of China's total population changes from the census results.

Second, the proportion of the working-age population has declined. After 1964, the proportion of China's population aged 15-64 (this age group is generally regarded as the working age) continued to rise, from 1964 to 2010, and the "demographic dividend" became an important support for rapid economic growth. However, the census found that the proportion of the working-age population has not only declined for the first time, but has also fallen significantly (which will undoubtedly pose a challenge to future economic growth).

Table 2: Proportion and trend of population by age group in China (unit: %)

Third, the proportion of the elderly population has increased significantly. Judging from the results of the previous censuses, although the proportion of China's population over 65 years old (generally regarded as the elderly population) continues to increase, the growth rate generally does not exceed two percentage points per decade. However, according to this census, the proportion of the elderly population not only exceeded 10% for the first time (reached), but also increased by as much as one percentage point, indicating that the aging of the population is accelerating.

From the perspective of China's own history, this rate is getting faster and faster, and if we compare it internationally, we will find that the rate of aging in China is also relatively fast. The proportion of people aged 65 and over has a global ranking, based on the World Bank's statistics on more than 200 countries and economies around the world. In 1960, China ranked around 75th, and in 2015, it ranked 60th.

China's population is aging faster than the average trend, so it is moving up the ranking. The proportion of the population aged 65 and over has risen from 5% to 10%, and how long has it taken for several major aging countries, and now the most serious problem with aging is Japan, which has taken 35 years to go from 5% to 10%. In second place is Italy, which has taken at least 5 years to go from 10% to 100%, which is a very long time.

China took only 30 years, five years shorter than Japan. Our aging is also very rapid from an international perspective.

Increasing fertility can increase the number of future working people and is the best way to deal with population ageing. With the current level of the country's economy continues to develop. Many families are fully capable of raising two or even three children, so the previous national three-child policy was also to cope with the aging of the population.

If a country wants to develop rapidly, then it must be inseparable from young people. They are the flowers of the motherland and the pillars of the country. Therefore, increasing fertility can not only cope with the aging of the population, but also make the country stronger.

And if you want to increase fertility, you need to understand why young people are now willing to raise only one child. A big part of this is that young people are not willing to take care of two or three children because they are particularly troublesome nowadays. And now it is very troublesome for children to go to school, not only do they need to buy a house next to the school, but they also need a local household registration.

Therefore, only if these problems are solved, then we will be willing to have more children, so as to increase the fertility rate. At the same time, it is also possible to implement a fertility incentive policy, such as giving certain incentives to families who have two or three children.

Judging from the physical condition of the elderly in China, even if they reach retirement age, they can still be competent for many jobs. At this time, you can choose not to let them retire, and delaying the retirement of the elderly can also improve the speed of China's economic development. And it can also reduce the burden of many families, because the elderly can only stay at home after retirement, so at this time it is necessary to arrange personnel to take care of them, and if the elderly delay retirement, they do not need to be taken care of by others, but this can also show that the physical fitness of the elderly in our country is getting better and better, even if they reach retirement age, their bodies are still very healthy.

However, whether or not to delay retirement must follow the wishes of the elderly themselves. It is absolutely impossible to force the elderly to delay their retirement. When the employer arranges a job for the elderly, it must also consider whether it will cause harm to the elderly.

I think that in the face of this problem, it is very likely that my country will open up the three-child policy and increase the birth rate.

I believe that we will be able to cope with the aging of the population and increase the fertility rate only by continuously improving various welfare mechanisms.

The amount of the pension will be increased, and then the birth rate will be increased, the place of birth, people will be encouraged to have children, and the parental leave of pregnant women will be extended.

Increasing the birth rate of the population, reducing the divorce rate, and will also encourage young couples to have three children, two children, two children, and three children.

The issue of old-age security for the elderly.

This refers to the issue of pension in the narrow sense, that is, the food, clothing and housing of the elderly that we often talk about. The elderly group in China can be divided into different types. From the division of economic support, it can be roughly divided into the retired class, the retired class, the self-supporting class (referring to the elderly who have no national economy in urban and rural areas and rely on their own savings or children to support), and the assistance class;

The living conditions of the elderly in China are relatively happy, but there are many existing problems, and the difficulties they face are also relatively large, which is mainly reflected in the coverage of the old-age security system. China's old-age security system has been implemented for 20 years, but the vast majority of the elderly are still outside the old-age security system. There are only 71 million elderly people in China (at the end of 2007), accounting for 46 of the total number of elderly people, and the remaining 54 elderly people are not included in the scope of three types of old-age social security.

The medical security of the elderly.

China's medical insurance system has been around for 10 years, but at present, the medical problems of the vast majority of the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent. In urban areas, 41.52 million elderly people (at the end of 2006) are actually included in the two types of medical security (basic medical insurance for urban workers and basic medical insurance for urban residents), accounting for 66 of the 68 million elderly population in urban areas, and the remaining 34 elderly people are not included in the scope of medical insurance. The total number of people participating in the three types of urban medical security (basic medical insurance for urban employees, basic medical insurance for urban residents, and retirement system) is about 100 million (at the end of 2007), and more than 1 3 of the urban population who should be insured have not yet been included in the medical security system.

Moreover, according to the current situation of participating in medical insurance, there are more and more elderly people who are unable to participate in pension insurance due to lack of economic **, and the corresponding number of elderly people without medical insurance will continue to increase in the future.

There are two causes of ageing: longer life expectancy and fewer children;

Measures to address ageing vary according to the causes

Due to the prolongation of people's life expectancy and aging, which is the inevitable result of the improvement of people's living standards and health care standards, is a sign of the people's prosperity and national strength, the problem to be solved is not how to prevent aging, but how to deal with the problem of insufficient pension and pension services caused by aging, the main measures are to delay retirement and strengthen pension services; This is the inevitable result of the increase in the pressure of people's lives and the prevalence of timely happiness, and it is the beginning of family disasters and national disasters. China's aging population is caused by a combination of longer life expectancy and fewer children; Aging is inevitable due to the extension of life, and the problem of insufficient pension and pension service can only be solved by delaying retirement and strengthening pension services.