How the moon is formed, how the moon is formed

To put it simply, in the early days of the formation of the earth, the dust of the earth flew outside and gathered together under the action of gravity.

There are many theories about the formation of the moon, as complex as the formation of the earth. At present, there are three main theories about the cause of the formation of the moon. You can find a geology book for details.

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The Moon was formed as a result of a star about the size of Mars colliding strongly and streaking across the Earth.

A large amount of molten rock fragments and dust from the collision were thrown into orbit around the Earth, and after a period of collision and aggregation, the Moon is formed today.

Strong support for this doctrine comes from the Apollo moon landing program.

of the discovery. Astronauts from the moon.

Soil samples collected on the moon showed that the minerals on the moon and on Earth are similar, which makes scientists.

It is believed that the Earth and the Moon share a common origin.

Some scholars have a different view of the collision theory, arguing that the moon and the earth were formed and controlled by the same rock and dust at the same time.

But we already know from the discoveries of the "Lunar Explorers" that the core of the Moon only accounts for 2 to 4 percent of its mass, which is far less than the 30 percent of the Earth's core, and if they come from the same origin, at least the two cores should occupy a similar proportion. So this argument doesn't quite hold water.

A more plausible explanation is that because the collision occurred in the outer layers of the Earth 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth's iron core was not touched, and the outer layer of less iron-containing and less dense rocks broke away to form the moon. In this way, the mass of the core formed by the moon is certainly not as high as that of the earth.

Scientists generally believe that the formation of the moon's chain combustion is the "great impact hypothesis".

There is no definitive answer to the question of how the moon was formed, but there is a widely accepted hypothesis that about 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth collided with a body the size of Mars, and some of the debris entered the Earth's orbit to form the Moon, and the energy released in the process also caused dramatic changes in the rocks, gases, and water vapor on the Earth.

Specifically, this hypothesis, known as the "Great Impact Hypothesis," holds that in the early days of the Earth's formation, there were a large number of debris and celestial bodies in the universe, and that an object about the size of Mars crashed into the Earth at high speeds. The energy released by the impact was enormous, causing the material on the Earth's surface to melt, evaporate, and eject it, while lifting the Earth's material and the impacting celestial canopy to form a temporary ring of material.

Over time, this disk of matter gradually cools and condenses, while the material inside begins to gather and form satellites. These moons eventually merged to form the Moon as we see it today.

Changes in the Moon:

1. Phase change: The phase of the moon refers to the different angles from which the moon is seen from the earth, which determines the size and shape of the brightness of the moon's surface that we can see. The cycle of the moon is about a day, starting with the new moon and gradually increasing until the full moon, and then gradually decreasing back to the new moon state.

This process is known as the "moon phase change".

2. Change in apparent diameter: Since the orbit of the moon is elliptical, the size of the moon seen at different positions will also be different. When the Moon is at perigee, the apparent diameter is maximum; When the Moon is at apogee, the apparent diameter is minimal.

3. Brightness changes: The surface of the moon is not completely smooth and uniform, and there are landform features such as mountains and craters. At the same time, the surface reflectance of the Moon is not static, so the brightness of the Moon observed at different times will vary.

4. Lunar and solar eclipses: Lunar and solar eclipses are phenomena that occur due to the special circumstances of the relationship between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun in terms of their spatial position. When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from shining on the Moon, resulting in a lunar eclipse. When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the Moon blocks the Sun's rays from reaching the Earth, producing a solar eclipse.

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The moon is also known as the sun yin, commonly known as the moon. It is the only natural satellite of the Earth, the closest celestial body to the Earth, and the most thoroughly studied celestial body. The only celestial body that humans have ever visited in person is the Moon.

The Moon is the most obvious example of a natural satellite. In the solar system, with the exception of Mercury and Venus, all other planets have natural satellites. The age of the Moon is about 4.6 billion years.

The Moon has a layered structure such as a shell, mantle, and nucleus. The average thickness of the outermost lunar crust is about 60-65 km. Below the lunar crust to a depth of 1,000 km is the lunar mantle, which occupies most of the moon's volume.

Underneath the mantle is the lunar core, which is about 1000 degrees warm and most likely molten. The diameter of the Moon is about 3476 km, which is 3 11 of the Earth and 1 400 of the Sun. The volume of the Moon is only 1 49 of the Earth, and the mass is about 735 billion tons, which is equivalent to about 1 81 of the Earth's mass, and the gravity of the lunar surface is almost 1 6 of the Earth's gravity.

There are dark parts and bright areas on the surface of the Moon. When early astronomers looked at the moon, they thought that the dark areas were covered by seawater, so they called them "seas". The famous ones are the sea of clouds, the wet sea, the still sea, etc.

The bright part is the mountains, which are dotted with craters. Located near Antarctica, the Bailey crater is 295 kilometers in diameter and can fit the entire island of Hainan. The deepest mountain is Newton's crater, which is 8,788 meters deep.

In addition to craters, there are also ordinary mountains on the lunar surface. Mountains and deep valleys are stacked on top of each other, creating a unique scenery.

The far side of the moon map The front of the moon is always facing the Earth, and the reason for this is the result of the long-term action of the tides. On the other hand, the far side of the Moon is mostly invisible from the Earth, except in the area near the edge of the Moon's surface which is visible in the middle due to the movement of the scales. In the days when there were no probes, the far side of the moon was an unknown world.

One of the great features of the far side of the Moon is that there are almost no fainter lunar features like the Lunar Sea. When an artificial probe reaches the far side of the Moon, it will communicate directly with the Earth without any means.

To put it simply. The phases of the moon are the various shapes of the moon.

Its variation is due to:

1。The moon itself does not emit light or is transparent, and only shines by reflecting the sun's rays.

2。The result of the changing positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon.

And then. You only have to remember six words: go to the western heavens.

Lower East Heaven. The first day of each month.

Crescent moon. The sun and moon rise and set at the same time.

The moon was not seen all night.

The seventh and eighth days of the first month. First quarter moon.

It was the moon that I saw in the western sky in the first half of the night.

At this time, the moon is bent to the west.

Fifteen, sixteen.

Full moon. The sun and moon rise and fall.

The moon is visible all night.

Two-two, two-three.

Last quarter moon. It is to see the moon in the eastern sky in the second half of the night.

The moon is bent to the east.

The moon itself does not emit light, it can only reflect the sun's brilliance. Thus, under the light of the sun, the Moon is forever divided into a light hemisphere and a dark hemisphere. But on Earth, the Moon sometimes has more light parts and sometimes more dark parts; Sometimes the light part is expanding, and sometimes the dark part is expanding.

The changing conditions of the light and dark parts of the moon are called the phases of the moon.

The different phases of the moon are related to the direction in which the moon is observed. If you observe the Moon from the far side of the Moon, the Moon is almost entirely dark, and the Moon is called a crescent. On the other hand, if the Moon is observed from the Sunward direction, the Moon is almost entirely bright, and the Moon is called a Full Moon. The change of the moon phase is the process of gradually changing from a new moon to a full moon, and from a full moon to a new moon.

When the crescent moon appears, the moon and the sun are on the same side of the earth, which is called the conjunction of the sun and the moon, also known as the "new moon". When the full moon appears, the moon and the sun are on opposite sides of the earth, which is called the sun-moon opposition, also known as "looking". Therefore, the change of the moon phase can also be called the synodic change.

The moon phases change periodically. On the first day of the lunar calendar, the moon cannot be seen on the earth, and this day is the new day. A day or two after the new twent, in the evening the western sky revealed a curved moth crescent, convex in the direction of the setting sun.

Later, the position of the Moon gradually shifted eastward relative to the Sun, and the bright part expanded day by day, and after five or six days, it became the "first quarter moon" with half light and half (the western half bright), and the sunset was due south of the observer. Seven days later (around the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar), the full moon arrives, and at sunset, the sun is in the west and the full moon is in the east, looking at each other from the earth. The full moon rises in the east in the evening and sets in the morning the next morning, shining all night.

After the full moon, the western part of the moon becomes increasingly scarce, and after seven days, it becomes the "last quarter moon" with half light and half dark (the eastern half is bright). The last quarter moon rises in the middle of the night. After the last quarter of the moon, the moon continues to deficit and becomes the waning moon that hangs in the eastern sky before dawn.

The waning moon in the sky is getting closer and closer to the sun, and the bright parts are becoming less and less, until it finally turns in the same direction as the sun, and the moon turns all black, and the new moon comes again.

The new moon and the full moon, the first quarter and the second quarter moon all appear periodically, and the time from this new moon (or full moon) to the next new moon (or full moon) is the moon phase change cycle, which lasts about 29 and a half days. This cycle is called the synodic cycle, and the lunar calendar is set as one month according to the synodic cycle, which is also called the synodic month.