What machining center and what are the types of machining centers?

The machining center was developed from a CNC milling machine. The biggest difference with the CNC milling machine is that the machining center has the ability to automatically exchange processing tools, and by installing tools for different purposes on the tool magazine, the processing tools on the spindle can be changed through the automatic tool changer in a clamping to achieve a variety of processing functions.

CNC machining center is a high-efficiency automatic machine tool composed of mechanical equipment and CNC system, which is suitable for processing complex parts. CNC machining centers are one of the world's highest-yielding and most widely used CNC machine tools.

Its comprehensive processing ability is strong, the workpiece can complete more processing content after a clamping, the processing accuracy is higher, the batch workpiece of medium processing difficulty, its efficiency is 5 10 times that ordinary equipment can not complete, especially it can complete many processing that ordinary equipment can not complete, and it is more suitable for single piece processing or small and medium-sized batch multi-variety production with more complex shape and high precision requirements.

It integrates the functions of milling, boring, drilling, tapping and cutting threads on one machine, so that it has a variety of processing process means. Machining centers are classified according to the spatial position of the spindle during machining: horizontal and vertical machining centers.

According to the process use, it is classified as: boring and milling machining center, composite machining center.

According to the special classification of functions: single table, double table and multi-table machining center. Machining centers for single-axis, double-axis, three-axis and exchangeable headstock applications. According to the guide rail classification: linear rail machining center, hard rail machining center machine, etc.

The machining center refers to a modern manufacturing equipment with the CNC control system as the core to drive the tool for processing operation.

Hardinge of the United States, Daewoo of South Korea, Mazak of Japan, DMG of Germany, Toyota of Japan, Makino of Japan, New Machinery of Japan, Mikron of Switzerland, Litz of Taiwan, Songying of Taiwan, Wujiang of Taiwan, Yawei of Taiwan, Yougang of Taiwan, Taiwan Oil Machinery and other imported and domestic brand processing centers. Provide a full range of vertical, horizontal and gantry machining centers.

The world brand American Hardinge VMC 600 800 1000 1250 1500 series, super design features ensure the high precision and high reliability of Hardinge VMC.

Korea Daewoo ACE-V650E 650M 650S V650 1520 series, high-precision, heavy-duty vertical machining center. High rigidity, durable structural design. It adopts 50 gauge tool holder, which has a wide range of applications.

Japan Mazak 2000-U ultra-high-precision, high-speed gantry machining center, to achieve high-precision mold efficient processing! The functions required for mold processing are substantial.

This is the computer gong, the name cnc, is required to be programmed.

Rongsheng Machinery Manufacturer HE series hot-selling machining center machine is shipped and loaded, and the master responsible for loading in the production workshop is carefully operated, in order to deliver the CNC machining center machine intact to the customer.

From your point of view, the system is a machining center of FANUC.

The machining center is often divided into vertical machining center and horizontal machining center according to the state of the spindle in the space, the spindle of the machining center is called the vertical machining center in the vertical state in the space, and the spindle is in the horizontal state in the space is called the horizontal machining center. If the spindle can be converted vertically and horizontally, it is called a vertical and horizontal machining center or a five-sided machining center, also known as a composite machining center. According to the number of machining center columns; There are single column type and double column type (gantry type).

According to the number of motion coordinates of the machining center and the number of coordinates controlled at the same time: there are three axes two linkage, three axes three linkage, four axes three linkage, five axes four linkage, six axes five linkage, etc. Three-axis and four-axis refer to the number of motion coordinates that the machining center has, and linkage refers to the number of coordinates that the control system can control at the same time, so as to realize the position and speed control of the tool relative to the workpiece.

According to the number and function of the worktable: there are single table machining centers, double table machining centers, and multi-table machining centers.

According to the processing accuracy: there are ordinary machining centers and high-precision machining centers. Ordinary machining center, the resolution is 1 m, the maximum feed speed is 15 25m min, and the positioning accuracy is about l0 m.

The high-precision machining center has a resolution of 15 100m min and a positioning accuracy of about 2 m. Between 2 l0 m, more than 5 m, can be called precision level.

CNC CNC machining center is a kind of CNC machine tool with tool magazine and can automatically change tools, and can carry out a variety of processing operations on the workpiece within a certain range.

The characteristics of the parts processed on the machining center are: after the processed parts go through a clamping, the numerical control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace the tool according to different processes; Automatically change the spindle speed, feed and movement trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions, and continuously carry out drilling, countersinking, reaming, boring, tapping, milling and other multi-process processing on each processing surface of the workpiece.

Because the machining center can complete a variety of processes in a centralized and automatic manner, it avoids human operation errors, reduces the adjustment time of workpiece clamping, measurement and machine tools, and the turnover, handling and storage time of workpieces, and greatly improves the processing efficiency and machining accuracy, so it has good economic benefits. According to the position of the spindle in space, the machining center can be divided into vertical machining center and horizontal machining center.

1. Vertical machining center.

The spindle of a vertical machining center is in a vertical position. It can complete milling, boring, drilling, tapping and threading operations. The vertical machining center is at least three-axis and two-linkage, and can generally realize three-axis and three-linkage.

Some can carry out five-axis and six-axis control, and the process personnel can determine the processing range of the machining center according to the number of axes controlled at the same time.

The height of the column of the vertical machining center is limited, and it should be considered when determining the range of motion of the Z-axis

the height of the workpiece;

the height of the fixture;

the length of the cutter;

The space occupied by the robot to change tools.

After considering the above four situations, the vertical machining center should reduce the processing range of box workpieces, which is the weakness of the vertical machining center. However, vertical machining centers have the following advantages:

The workpiece is easy to clamp, and the workpiece can be clamped with general fixtures such as flat pliers, pressure plates, indexing heads, rotary tables, etc., and the clamping and positioning of the workpiece is convenient;

The tool movement trajectory is easy to observe, and the debugging program is convenient for inspection and measurement, so that problems can be found in time and stopped for processing or modification;

Cooling conditions are easy to establish, and the coolant can reach the tool and the machining surface directly;

The coordinate system, i.e., the three coordinate axes of x, y, and z, are consistent with the Cartesian coordinate system, and the intuitive feeling is consistent with the perspective of the drawing;

The chips are easy to remove and fall, so as to avoid the chips scratching the machined surface;

The structure generally adopts a single-column type, which is simple in structure, small in footprint and low in size compared with the corresponding horizontal machining center.

Vertical machining centers are most suitable for machining workpieces with relatively small dimensions in the Z-axis direction, and in general, in addition to the bottom surface, the remaining five surfaces can be contoured and surfaced with different tools.

It is mainly divided into the following types:

1. Vertical machining center: refers to a machining center that is vertically arranged on the axis of the spindle and the worktable, which is now widely used for processing complex parts such as plates, discs, molds and small shells.

2. Horizontal machining center: refers to the machining center machine tool set in parallel with the spindle axis and the worktable. It is suitable for complex machining of box parts.

3. Gantry machining center: the axis of the z-axis of the spindle is perpendicular to the worktable, and there are double columns and top beams to form a portal structure frame, and there are crossbeams in the middle of the double columns.

The machining center is a CNC machine tool with full functions, which integrates milling, drilling, reaming, boring, tapping and thread cutting, with a variety of technological means, compared with ordinary machine tool processing, it has many significant process characteristics.

1) High machining accuracy The parts are processed on the machining center, and the process is highly concentrated, and most or even all of the surface features on the parts can be processed at one clamping, and the clamping error caused by the workpiece being clamped many times is avoided, therefore, the processing surfaces can obtain higher mutual position accuracy. At the same time, the machining center mostly adopts the position compensation function of semi-closed-loop or even full-closed-loop, which has higher motion accuracy, positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy, and the dimensional error generated in the machining process can be compensated in time, and compared with ordinary machine tools, higher dimensional accuracy can be obtained.

2) Stable precision The whole machining process is automatically controlled by the processing program, not affected by the human factors of the operator, at the same time, there is no cam, die and other hardware, which eliminates the error caused by wear and tear in manufacturing and use, plus the position feedback compensation function of the machine tool and higher positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy, and the dimensional consistency of the processed parts is good.

3) High efficiency One clamping can complete the processing of more surfaces, reducing the auxiliary time required for multiple clamping workpieces. At the same time, the number of turnovers and transportation workloads of workpieces between machine tools and workshops are reduced.

4) Surface *** The spindle speed of the machining center and the feed of each axis are stepless speed regulation, and some even have adaptive control function, which can adjust the cutting parameters to the best value with the change of tool, workpiece material and tool parameters, so as to improve the quality of each machined surface.

5) Good adaptability The processing content, cutting amount and process parameters of each process of the parts can be programmed into the processing program and can be modified at any time.

1. Speed: For a large mold machining center with a stroke that can move quickly, the spindle speed of the large mold processing machine tool should reach at least 20000r min, and the cutting speed of the metal should meet 762 20000mm min.

2. Accuracy: precision control always runs through all stages of mold processing, if you need to realize rough machining and finishing of large molds on a machining center, then you must strictly control the positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy of the machine tool. For large-scale mold machining centers, the positioning accuracy can generally be reached, and the repeated positioning accuracy should reach 1 m.

3. Feedback resolution: The feedback resolution of the machine tool itself is very important for detecting the accuracy of the processed parts. With a standard feedback resolution of 1 m, the results obtained are often not very good.

If the resolution is achieved, the finishing result is virtually flawless.

4. Movable multi-axis processing head: Due to the limitation of mold size and weight, it generally takes a long time to clamp the workpiece. Therefore, the use of 3-axis linkage machining center not only reduces the number of debugging and clamping of the workpiece, but also does not affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool, so that the production capacity of the workshop to process large molds is greatly improved.

5. Chip management: a large number of chips will be generated during metal cutting, if not eliminated in time, it will inevitably lead to secondary cutting, as well as the temperature rise on the surface of the structural components of the machine tool or the workpiece. Large mold machining centers usually have 18 chip removal holes under the table.

6. Thermal stabilization technology: due to the long processing time, the influence of ambient temperature must also be considered. The design of the machine tool must take into account the effect of ambient temperature to avoid the ambient temperature affecting the accuracy of the machined parts.

The machining center is a kind of large cavity cover of CNC machine tools, there is no tool magazine is a CNC milling machine, and there is a tool magazine is called a machining center, also called a CNC machining center.

The machining center is a CNC boring and milling machine that combines the functions of CNC milling machine, CNC boring machine and CNC tumbling drilling machine, and is equipped with a tool magazine and an automatic tool change device. The spindle axis (Z-axis) of the vertical machining center is vertical, which is suitable for processing cover plate parts and various molds;

The spindle axis (Z-axis) of the horizontal machining center is horizontal, generally equipped with a chain tool magazine with a larger capacity, and the machine tool is equipped with an automatic indexing workbench or a double workbench to facilitate the loading and unloading of the workpiece, which is suitable for the machining of the circular roller to automatically complete the processing of multiple surfaces and multiple processes after a clamping, and is mainly used for the processing of box parts.

Machining center, abbreviated as CNC, is a high-efficiency automatic machine tool composed of mechanical equipment and numerical control system for processing complex shape workpieces. The machining center is also called a computer gong. The machining center is equipped with a tool magazine, with the function of automatic tool change, and is a vertical banquet stove CNC machine tool for multi-process processing of the workpiece after a clamping.

The machining center is a highly mechatronics product, after the workpiece is clamped, the numerical control system can control the machine tool according to different processes to automatically select, replace the tool, automatically set the tool, automatically change the spindle speed, feed, etc., can continuously complete the drilling, boring, milling, reaming, tapping and other processes, thus greatly reducing the workpiece clamping time, measurement and machine tool adjustment and other auxiliary process time, the processing shape is more complex, the precision requirements are higher.