What kind of reasoning method was used in the matter of Wen Yanwen Qi Huan Jin Wen

Metaphor This article is Mencius proclaiming the king to Qi.

Propagating one's own theory of the royal way is a concrete embodiment of his people-oriented thinking. At first, King Qi Xuan asked him about Qi Huan.

Jin Wen's matter is actually to get a way to "dominate" the world. Mencius skillfully led the topic of "domineering" to the "royal road", and clearly put forward the view that "to protect the people and the king, Mo Zhi can be the king". Then, around this argument, we cite analogies, give examples, and finally draw conclusions:

Only by practicing benevolent government can we serve the world. Otherwise, it will backfire and "seek fish for the sake of wood". At the same time, Mencius put forward a specific method, that is, to enable the people to have "constant production", to provide for the elderly, to educate the young, and to live and work in peace and contentment.

so that the people "will not be hungry or cold." This shows that Mencius's benevolent government has the real content of benefiting the country and the people. In terms of artistic characteristics, the one who is good at debating is Mencius

A major feature. The debate of Mencius is skillful.

Logical reasoning was applied.

Such as analogical reasoning), step by step, according to the situation, cleverly introduce the other party into their own preset conclusions, so that the other party is happy and convinced. He is good at using metaphors, allegories and other ways is another major feature of Mencius's prose, he uses images and vivid metaphors to illustrate abstract truths, which adds interest to the article and has a strong persuasive power. For example, this article "if you do what you want, if you want to do what you want, like a trick and ask for fish", vividly reveals that it is absolutely impossible to achieve the purpose of "opening up the land, going to Qin, Chu, and visiting China to raise the four yi" with "hegemony".

Another characteristic of Mencius's prose is the extensive use of rhetorical devices such as comparison and sentence stacking.

Make his writing form a majestic, smooth and eloquent style. The formation of this style is also closely related to his personal personality cultivation, as he himself said: "I am good at nurturing my heroic spirit."

Mencius 6 1 Gongsun Chou Shang) In terms of language, Mencius's prose is clear and clear, concise and concise, and does not matter rhetoric, which has a great influence on the language of later articles.

Mencius is even more praised for his grasp of the initiative in the discourse and in the process of reasoning in which he has made a thousand turns, advanced in a roundabout way, and has been able to play with ease. He led King Qi Xuan's nose step by step to his own road of "benevolent government", among which he abandoned "the matter of Qi Huan and Jinwen", talked about the technique of "protecting the people and the king", avoided the real and the virtual, and abandoned the topic of seeking common ground with differences; Use the trivial matter of "exchanging sheep for cattle" to explore the strengths of the other party, give the other party confidence, and shorten the psychological tactics of the distance between the two sides; To be reasonable, first give examples, for examples, "lead but not provoke, leap as well", and advance the heuristic method layer by layer; Knowingly asking, there are indulgences and captures, according to the situation, leading people, from the high-ranking inquiry of King Qi Xuan, to his own admission of "I can't enter the encirclement and suppression" and other methods are amazing. In a short chapter, the waves are rolling, the wind and clouds are opening and closing, and the volume is free.

Lead but not provoke, twists and turns, step by step, layer by layer, ups and downs, rigorous logic, interlocking, and water comes naturally.

Qi Huan Jinwen's matterThere are several methods of argumentation:

1. Use the method of enumeration and argumentation.

1) Example: Sheep for cattle.

Explain that Qi teased Lu Xian Xuan Wang.

With a benevolent heart, he saw the cow trembling with fear, innocent being slaughtered, and he could not bear it.

2) Example: Others have a heart, give it a degree.

King Xuan of Qi quoted verses to praise Mencius.

Know your heart and make him feel something.

Example: Punishment for widows, as for brothers, for the family.

Illustrating that leading by example can be extended to governing the country.

3) Example: I am strong enough to lift a hundred jun, but not enough to lift a feather; It is enough to see the details of the situation, but not to see the salary.

It shows that although King Qi Xuan has a benevolent heart, he said that he cannot practice benevolent government.

It's not that I can't do it, it's just that I don't want to do it.

2. The method of metaphorical argumentation is used.

1) Use the metaphor of "seeing public opinion" and "lifting a feather" to protect the people. It means that protecting the people is a matter of ease and ability.

2) "Hold the mountain."

"Super North Sea" is a metaphor for "impossible" things, and "breaking branches for the elderly" is a metaphor for easy and feasible things.

It is used as a metaphor for benevolent government in the text.

3. The method of comparative argumentation is used.

1) "Tuien is enough to protect the world, and without Tui'en, there is no way to protect his wife", pointing out the results of Tui'en and non-Tui'en in a comparative way.

2) Compare "kindness and beasts" with "merit does not reach the people" to show the unreasonableness of King Qi Xuan's failure to govern benevolently.

3) Compare "coercing Taishan" with "mountain beating and breaking branches" to illustrate the difference between "can't" and "don't", so as to point out that King Xuan doesn't do benevolent government, and he actually "doesn't do" instead of "can't".

4. The method of progressive argumentation is used.

According to the experience of King Qi Xuan, ask questions, guide him to think, and then explain the reason, layer by layer.

5. The method of analogical argumentation is used.

Use synonymous examples to deduce that "if you don't lift a feather, you don't use force; The conclusion that "the people's view is guaranteed, but there is no need for grace" made King Qi Xuan understand that he was unwilling to implement benevolent government, not that he was incapable of exercising benevolent government.

With "force is enough to lift a hundred pounds, but not enough to lift a feather; It is enough to see the end of the day, but not to see the salary" is a metaphor for "the king is not the king" is not to do but not to can't; The difference between "coercing Taishan to surpass the North Sea" and "breaking branches for the elderly" is a metaphor for "can't" and "don't"; Use the metaphor of "seeking fish from the wood" to use force as a means to dominate.

We can find representative advantages from the affairs of Duke Qi Huan and Duke Wen of Jin, so Duke Qi Huan can be said to be a man who is a doctor of illness. The end result is not escaping death. Bian Que later moved away from him.

From the creation of the circulating temperature knowledge, representative Myoyu thinks it is very good.

All of their programs are more interesting because they are Qi Huangong's words, and they don't believe in love or human affection for others.

By comparing two contradictory or opposing things from both positive and negative aspects, the essence of things is revealed.

The principle of the use of comparative argumentation: First, it is necessary to have a clear purpose, and it is necessary to determine whether to use comparative argumentation according to the needs of the center of the article. What is the truth to be explained in the comparison, we must know it in our hearts.

The second is to seek appropriate comparative materials. The things that are used for contrast must have a clear, unified point of contrast. If there is a lack of comparability between two things, there is no basis for comparison, and the purpose of effective argumentation cannot be achieved.

The third is to have the same amount of contrast. If two aspects are addressed in the discussion, then the part used for comparison should generally also be used in the negative direction. This not only balances the contrast, but also makes the article clearer.

Fourth, after the comparison, it is necessary to carry out appropriate analysis and discussion, and concisely reveal the facts contained therein. Ratio is the foundation, and discussion is sublimation. Therefore, after comparison, it is necessary to make a clear-cut evaluation or draw conclusions, and there should be no ambiguity or ambiguity.