First aid techniques are non invasive, and trauma scene first aid techniques include:

On-site trauma first aid techniques include artificial respiration, cardiac resuscitation, hemostasis, wound bandaging, temporary fixation of fractures and casualty handling.

First aid technology is a first-aid measure for critically ill patients that can be used by bystanders and requires little or no medical equipment. Some of it is medical knowledge, which needs to be mastered by each and every one of us.

For example, people with intracerebral hemorrhage should have less carrying; To prevent aspiration (into the trachea), the head should be tilted sideways when vomiting; Severed limbs need to be refrigerated for replantation, etc. First aid techniques include: trauma first aid, non-traumatic first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

1 hour after injury is the key to determine life and death, assessment refers to the separation of life-threatening and non-life-threatening casualties in the short term, according to the principle of first serious and then light, first life-saving and then diagnosis to carry out key rescue, requiring personnel to have a unique sense of emergency, keen thinking, assessment and classification to be fast and accurate.

Early assessment and ventilation of the airway is the first priority, followed by a determination of the nature of the patient's breathing, circulatory perfusion, and control of bleeding, followed by possible limb injury. whether the patient has shortness of breath, stridor, labor, respiratory depression; Assess the oral mucosa, nail bed color to determine adequate oxygenation, and check the throat of the mouth for vomit, blood, or foreign body obstruction.

In order to avoid heat stroke, in hot weather, it should be done: the elderly and frail and other key groups should be protected, create a comfortable small environment, indoor ventilation, as far as possible to reduce the room temperature to 26 28, indoor and outdoor temperature difference within 8. It is necessary to maintain emotional stability, pay attention to the preparation of meals, eat lightly, and drink plenty of water.

Raise awareness of precursor heat stroke, once symptoms such as dizziness, headache, thirst, sweating, general fatigue, and palpitation appear, you should immediately get out of the heat stroke environment and take cool measures in time.

On-site trauma first aid techniques include hemostasis, bandaging, immobilization, and handling.

Hemostasis: In various sudden traumas, there are often scenes of hemorrhage from trauma. Effective hemostasis can reduce bleeding skin collapse, preserve effective blood volume, and prevent shock.

Hemostasis includes bandaging hemostasis, acupressure hemostasis, compression bandaging hemostasis, tamponade hemostasis, padded limb flexion hemostasis, and tourniquet hemostasis.

Bandaging: Quickly and accurately bandaging the wound with nylon mesh sleeves, self-adhesives, bandages, gauze, triangular scarves or other fabrics available on site is an important action for trauma rescue. It protects the wound, prevents further contamination, stops bleeding quickly, and relieves pain.

Wear medical gloves when bandaging whenever possible.

Immobilization: Immobilization is an essential task of trauma care. When fixing, different fixation methods should be adopted according to the conditions of the site and the location of the fracture.

The fixation must be firm, not too loose or too tight in the center. Padding should be used at the joint prominence of the fracture to strengthen immobilization and prevent crushing.

Handling: There are two commonly used methods of handling: freehand handling and stretcher handling. It can be chosen according to the condition of the injured person.

The purpose and principles of on-site trauma first aid

Purpose of First Aid:

1. Preserve life: restore breathing, heartbeat, stop bleeding, and treat shock. Prevent the injury from worsening, treat the wound, and fix the bone.

2. Promote recovery: avoid unnecessary movements, handle it carefully, maintain the most comfortable sitting or lying posture, and comfort with kind words.

Principles of First Aid:

1. Be calm and bold, careful and responsible, distinguish between light, heavy, slow and urgent, and decisively implement treatment methods.

2. Treat critically ill patients first, and then treat mild patients; In the same patient, the life is saved first, and then the local is treated.

3. Observe the on-site environment to ensure the safety of yourself and the injured.

4. Make full use of the manpower and material resources available at the site to assist in first aid.

Trauma first aid techniques mainly include on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventilation, rescue, hemostasis, bandaging, fracture fixation, and transportation.

1. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: If the patient is unable to breathe on his own, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is required. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for trauma first aid is not fundamentally different from the single CPR operation for sudden cardiac death, but it may affect the effectiveness of the operation due to the patient's injury.

2. Ventilation: It is one of the important links of trauma first aid, and for patients without airway injury, it can be improved by cleaning the airway or even tracheal intubation.

3. Rescue: In on-site trauma first aid, the real problem encountered is often to rescue the patient from the traumatic environment. After a disaster or accident, the injured are often confined to a fixed position due to their own reasons and on-site conditions, so that the scene needs to be very careful when rescuing, and improper rescue may cause secondary trauma, and in many cases the car needs to be dismantled to the help of firefighters.

4. Hemostasis: If there is open trauma on the patient's body, hemostasis is required. There are generally several methods of hemostasis at the emergency scene, and the compression hemostasis method is the most commonly used and simplest method of hemostasis.

In addition, there are also compression bandaging hemostasis, gauze tamponade hemostasis, padded limb flexion hemostasis, clamping hemostasis and tourniquet hemostasis, which need to be used flexibly according to the situation.

5. Bandaging: For exposed open wounds need to be bandaged, the commonly used tools are bandages and triangular scarves, and the bandaged wound can reduce pollution and help stop bleeding. Although it is a trauma scene environment, it is also necessary to pay attention to aseptic operation.

6. Fracture fixation: When there is bone and joint injury, local fixation and immobilization are required to reduce pain and avoid secondary damage to blood vessels and nerves caused by fractures. More serious soft tissue injuries should also be fixed locally, and the fixed equipment can be medical stents, wooden boards, etc., or local materials, such as tree branches, wooden sticks, etc.

7. Handling: After simple treatment, the wounded at the trauma scene must be sent to a regular hospital as soon as possible. Attention needs to be paid when handling to avoid iatrogenic injuries caused by twisting and falling of the casualty.

The links of trauma scene first aid techniques generally include the following:

First of all, it is necessary to judge whether the surrounding environment is safe, and if the environment is not safe, it is recommended to move in time.

Secondly, assess whether the vital signs are stable, if the breathing and heartbeat stop, an emergency on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out, and the first time to shout sails and teasing to save lives.

In addition, if there is a wound or progressive bleeding, immediate bandaging should be given to stop the bleeding to avoid hemorrhagic shock.

The basic techniques of trauma first aid are mainly the following four points:

1. Hemostasis, bleeding is a common symptom of trauma, timely and effective judgment of the bleeding site and give simple treatment measures to stop bleeding, commonly used hemostasis methods include pressure bandaging hemostasis, acupressure hemostasis, tourniquet hemostasis, etc.;

2. Bandaging, which can protect the wound and reduce infection;

3. Fixation, if there is a suspicion of a fracture or the treatment of a fracture is found, in an emergency, you can use local materials to simply fix the fractured part with branches, bamboo chips, thick cardboard, etc., so as to reduce the activity of the fracture part;

4. Handling, after a simple treatment of trauma patients, they should be sent to the hospital in a timely manner, and the handling is also very important, the common ones are supporting, hunchbacking, single reporting, double hugging, flat car wheelchairs, etc., the specific handling method needs to be combined with the actual situation of the patient, such as patients with spinal fractures, multiple people should be flattened to avoid improper handling and aggravated injury.

1) Saving lives first. Ensure that the wounded are well and well.

2) Prevention and timely prevention of the disease.

3) Use the most simple and reliable method to rescue and buy time as much as possible; Avoid new scratch injuries caused by salvage.