What institutional reforms have Japan made to promote urbanization?

First, the hierarchy was abolished, the Meiji Restoration abolished the division of the five clans and allowed the population to move, second, the privileges of the nobility were abolished and they were allowed to start production, and finally, the state promoted urbanization with practical encouragement.

First of all, the hierarchy was abolished and people were given more self-ownership. Second, the household registration system has been improved to make it more standardized. Finally, the tax expenses of various places have been unified, and the economic strength of the first place has been improved.

Hierarchy. People are free to choose their preferred occupation and living environment, which greatly increases people's enthusiasm for the future.

During the Edo period, the one-country-one-castle system was a system in which the castles within a country (equivalent to present-day Japanese prefectures) were placed in the hands of a single daimyo who were not only military bases, but also administrative centers. Since each daimyo could only have one castle, this system of one country and one castle could be said to have had a certain effect on the urbanization of Japan. First of all, during the Edo period, urbanization developed slowly due to the one-country-one-city system, and the number and scale of cities were relatively small, which had an impact on the economic and social development of cities.

Secondly, since the daimyo could only own one city, it also restricted commercial activities and the movement of people, which was helpful for maintaining the feudal hierarchical order, but also reduced people's vitality and creativity, which was not conducive to the economic and cultural prosperity of the city. However, it is important to note that the one-country-one-castle system in the Edo period was not entirely devoid of its role in promoting urbanization. Through the reign of the daimyo and the construction of castles, many towns developed, laying the foundation for later urbanization.

In addition, due to the pattern of one country and one city, the spatial layout of the virtual bridge of the Japanese city is more organized and planned, which has become an important feature of the Japanese urban landscape. In summary, the Edo period system of one country and one city both promoted and hindered the urbanization of Japan. Its specific impact needs to be comprehensively examined according to the background of the times and specific regions.

Japan's urbanization process is guided by **. It began during the Meiji Restoration, but until 1940, the level of urbanization still lagged behind that of the industrialized countries of Europe and the United States at that time. The period from 1956 to 1973 was the first period of Japan's industrial development, and the average annual transfer of agricultural labor reached 10,000.

Urbanization in Japan began during the Meiji Restoration, and until 1945, the urbanization rate was only 28%. After World War II, Japan's urbanization rate rose to 56% in 1955, 86% in 2005, and in 2011, Japan's urbanization rate far exceeded the average in East Asia. Urbanization has profoundly changed Japan and improved the living standards of the Japanese people, but it has also caused serious environmental problems and various "urban diseases".

Japan has spared no effort to resolve these problems, and its experience and lessons deserve deep reflection and vigilance. Industrialization Drives UrbanizationThe outstanding feature of urbanization in Japan is a high degree of urbanization. The reason for this is that Japan has a small land area, dense population, limited development space, and relies on industrial layout and export-oriented economy to pull it, so that Japan's population, industry, and towns are highly concentrated in the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, and the area only accounts for Japan's land area, but the population and GDP account for more than 50% of the country.

Industrialization is the core driving force of urbanization, and with the upgrading of industries, Japan's urbanization has also taken different forms. In the 50s and 70s after World War II, Japan's industry was in a period of development, and it implemented industrial revitalization, coordinated the development of urban and rural industries, especially the development and expansion of traditional industries such as rural sideline industries, agricultural product processing, and agricultural tool manufacturing, and established new rural industries through investment promotion, which promoted the rapid development of cities and towns and the agglomeration of population.