Can Hua Tuo s craniotomy during the Three Kingdoms period really be realized?

Hua Tuo is a very famous doctor in the history of our country, but he died in Cao Cao's hands because of a sentence, because Cao Cao found Hua Tuo at that time and gave Hua Tuo a headache for himself, Hua Tuo's method to Cao Cao was that he had to open Cao Cao's brain and take out the blood in it before he could have a headache. makes the current netizens still very curious about Hua Tuo's craniotomy? In fact, judging from ancient medical equipment, Hua Tuo really doesn't have the ability to open his brain.

At that time, Cao Cao was frightened by Hua Tuo's idea, didn't this just want Cao Cao's life? So Cao Cao ordered Hua Tuo to be killed at that time, and more people felt sorry for Hua Tuo's death. In fact, there was nothing wrong with Cao Cao's approach at that time, in ancient times, opening the brain was almost the rhythm of killing, and there was no support from modern science, so for Hua Tuo to say this, Cao Cao's decision at that time was also right.

Hua Tuo's original words to Cao Cao were to use a sharp axe to split Cao Cao's skull, and the blood inside could be healed by removing the blood inside.

From the current point of view, first of all, Hua Tuo doesn't know the location of the bruising at all, if he doesn't even know the location of the bruising after opening the braincase, it is also quite dangerous, even if he finds the bruising and successfully extracts the bruising, it will inevitably damage the brain nerves, and he will be crippled at least and killed at worst.

There is also the most important point is the problem of infection, the "pasteurization method" invented by the German microbiologist Louis Pasteur has made many people know why disinfection, in fact, there are many microorganisms and bacteria in the air, if the wound is directly exposed to the air, it is very likely that infection will occur.

So if Cao Cao chose to open his craniotomy at that time, the mortality rate was 100%, although Hua Tuo had done experiments on many corpses, but he did not expect microbial bacteria.

1. Hua Tuo has no record of craniotomy, he did have manual surgery, but the craniotomy technique should not be yet. Most of the surgeries performed by Hua Tuo were to cut off the necrotic tissue.

2, "Three Kingdoms. The Legend of Fang Ji records several methods of healing Hua Tuo, first, using decoction; the second hand is rotten, moxibustion; third, the needle; Fourth, surgery. It also records two types of surgery, one is that "if the disease accumulates inside, it cannot be reached by acupuncture and medicine", in this case, the patient is allowed to drink the hemp boiling, and wait for the patient to anesthetize and cut off the necrotic area.

The second type is that the disease is in the intestines, in which case it is necessary to open the abdomen, cut the intestines, wash them with medicated water, and then sew them up and apply ointment.

Hua Tuo is a famous ancient doctor, whether he is treating the common people or the powerful in his life, he is conscientious, dedicated, and earnestly studied medical knowledge and human health care knowledge, and summed up a lot of medical experience. In the process of treating everyone's diseases, Hua Tuo is good at thinking and creating, and has mastered a lot of new technologies and knowledge to relieve everyone's pain. In the early years of the Three Kingdoms in which Hua Tuo lived, it was a period when the people were struggling to make a living for many years, and in such a backward era, Hua Tuo was very advanced.

In ancient times, there was a lack of scientific knowledge, science and technology were backward, and Hua Tuo was already proficient in surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, acupuncture and anesthesia, etc., after Cao Cao's headache attack for many years, Hua Tuo thought that only craniotomy could completely ** headache, and it was not unreasonable for him to make this decision. Cao Cao's headache is getting worse, it may be a brain tumor, and only by removing the brain tumour can he have a headache. Hua Tuo has already mastered the techniques of anesthesia and surgery, so it is not completely impossible.

However, under the historical circumstances at that time, it was impossible for Cao Cao to agree to this surgery, and if Cao Cao agreed to the operation, it would also be very risky. Although Hua Tuo had surgical skills, he could not achieve such skills at that time when he performed craniotomy on his head, and it was easy to cause accidents to patients. Even if it happens that the operation is successful, if the brain tumor is repeated, it may be even more serious, so many ideas are beautiful, but in practice, we cannot only rely on ideals, but also on actual conditions.

However, in any case, Cao Cao killed Hua Tuo because of this, it would be too brutal, and Hua Tuo could be held accountable, and the crime would not lead to death. After all, Hua Tuo is a benevolent doctor with rich medical experience and relieving people's pain, as long as he is cautious in the future, he is still a doctor who has been famous for thousands of years.

If Cao Cao agreed to Hua Tuo's "craniotomy", Cao Cao would have died. After all, even if it is a medical technology, it cannot support this operation.

I don't think that in ancient times, there was no ability to do this kind of surgery, Hua Tuo was very likely to fail, and Cao Cao would die directly on the operating table.

If Cao Cao really agreed to Hua Tuo's "craniotomy", I think Cao Cao would have died, and the medical technology at that time was not enough to support the craniotomy.

Even in the current era of good medical conditions, the risk of craniotomy is very high, the later complications are also very large, and even the future intelligence is also affected. So according to the conditions at that time, if Hua Tuo gave Cao Cao a craniotomy, Cao Cao would die!

In view of the lack of a sterile medical environment and sophisticated instruments and equipment at that time, Cao Cao was estimated to die on the operating table, so Cao Cao's craniotomy was not necessarily conceited.

At that time, the medical level was not up to the standard of craniotomy, and the operation was very dangerous, so I thought Cao Cao would die on the operating table.

The most critical history is not killing because of surgery. It was Cao Cao who killed him, but not because of the craniotomy. Even if the skull is really opened, even if Hua Tuo has such skills, the probability of death is 99%.

Even Hua Tuo couldn't do it, and the medical technology at that time didn't even think about doing craniotomy. Even the simplest anti-bacterial treatment is not good, let alone other more difficult problems.

Next, Hua Tuo opened Cao Cao's head for a long time and couldn't understand why he had a headache, after all, Hua Tuo was a traditional Chinese medicine. Then he put his head together and wrapped it with a cloth band, Cao Cao woke up and didn't have a headache for a while except for the pain of the wound, thinking that he had been healed, and rewarded Hua Tuo with a little money, Hua Tuo took the money and ran how far he ran into seclusion, because he knew that he was not cured. Later, Cao Cao hung up soon because of an infection in the wound, and Cao Pi sent someone to find out Hua Tuo and kill him.

Maybe Hua Tuo cured him, and he was no longer tormented by illness, and had the time and energy to continue to complete his ambitions; It is also possible that the operation will fail and die completely.

Immediately died on the operating table, first-class medical accident, Hua Tuo's medical license was permanently revoked, and now I don't dare to say 100% for this operation, what do you do with a craniotomy? Is there a scalpel? With an axe or a kitchen knife? Even if your hemp boiling powder works, how to disinfect and stop bleeding?

In Hua Tuo's opinion, craniotomy to remove the saliva is not as difficult as Guan Yu's bone scraping to cure the poison, so Hua Tuo is fully capable of doing this operation, but most people will not believe in Hua Tuo's ability, let alone Cao Cao!

Cao Cao will die, in addition to superb medical skills, craniotomy must also have a sterile operating room, unlike disembowelment surgery, minor infections will be fine. Hua Tuo may not know and think that there is not much difference between a craniotomy and general surgery.

I think if Cao Cao agreed, Hua Tuo would definitely not be able to do well, because the medical level at that time was very poor, and Cao Cao was either dead or half-paralyzed, so the situation in the Three Kingdoms would be chaotic, and it was difficult to say what happened later.

Next, Cao Cao is estimated to die, after all, under the medical conditions at that time, there was a great danger in craniotomy, so Cao Cao would die in minutes.

In terms of Hua Tuo's famous medical skills at that time, of course, there was only one result, Cao Cao.

Cao Cao has a 98% chance of dying on the operating table, and a 1% chance of dying before he wakes up after surgery. 1% of people are likely to die after waking up after surgery.

Even if he succeeds, Cao Cao will die from a brain infection.

Mortal. Although there was Ma Boiling San, Ma Boiling Powder was only a pain reliever, and there was no solution to intraoperative and postoperative infections at that time. After all, craniotomy is not to be underestimated.

Hua Tuo. A famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing.

And known as the "Jian'an Three Divine Doctors". Later generations often used his name to praise the skilled doctors. But "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

What he wrote was intended to give to Cao Cao.

Craniotomy is a story compiled by the author, which is not actually recorded in the history books, and the cause of Hua Tuo's death recorded in the history books is actually not too consistent with the image of Hua Tuo in people's imagination.

According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms

It is recorded that Cao Cao had a headache at that time.

, so he found Hua Tuo to treat him, and Hua Tuo said to Cao Cao after seeing itThis is difficult to help, and the constant matter can be extended. "It is probably to tell Cao Cao that this disease is difficult to cure, it requires a long-term ** process, and even if it is a long-term **, it may not be able to guarantee healing, but only prolong life.

Some people think that the reason why Hua Tuo said this was to blackmail Cao Cao and make Cao Cao dependent on Hua Tuo from now on, but it is difficult to say whether this analysis is justified or not. After all, no one knew what kind of illness Cao Cao had at that time, but judging from Hua Tuo's behavior later, he was indeed not in a hurry to cure Cao Cao.

Later, in the process of Hua Tuo being Cao Cao's **, he told Cao Cao that his family had sent him a letter, saying that he had something to go backWhen you get a letter from home, you want to return it temporarily. but homecoming”。When Hua Tuo arrived at home, he said that his wife was sick and could not come back in time to see Cao Cao, so that Cao Cao sent several handwritten letters, but Hua Tuo still did not go on the road."He can be anorexic and still can't get on the road

Cao Cao was also very annoyed by this, and he sent someone to check if Hua Tuo's wife was sick, what kind of illness she had, and why she couldn't come back."Anger and inspection”。If Hua Tuo's wife is really sick, give him a reward and give him a holiday so that he can treat his wife at home with peace of mind, and if Hua Tuo's wife is not sick, then Hua Tuo's sin must be cured. As a result, the people sent found that Hua Tuo was really lying, and his wife was not sick at all, so Hua Tuo was killed.

Cao Cao said when analyzing Hua Tuo: ".Tuo can heal this. The villain raised my illness and wanted to respect myself, but if I don't kill this son, I should never cut off this root for me

It can be seen that in Cao Cao's heart, Hua Tuo is just to blackmail Cao Cao with illness, so he doesn't give Cao Cao **.

Of course, this is just Cao Cao's statement, maybe it is to find an excuse for killing Hua Tuo, but no matter what, Hua Tuo really did not want to give Cao Cao a craniotomy.

said it, but Cao Cao didn't believe it, thinking that Hua Tuo didn't believe it after making him, which later led to Hua Tuo's death. This is really a significant loss in history.

didn't say it, in reality, it was Cao Cao who had a headache, and then Hua Tuo helped him with acupuncture to relieve it. However, Hua Tuo did not like to serve the princes and nobles, so he pretended that his wife was sick and asked Cao Cao to resign and travel all over the world to see a doctor for the people. Later, Cao Cao began to have a headache again, and sent someone to find Hua Tuo, and found that his wife was not sick.

So Cao Cao felt that Hua Tuo deliberately didn't want to cure himself. He was imprisoned and tortured to death. Later, Cao Cao's son also fell ill, and no one could cure him, and Cao Cao regretted killing Hua Tuo, otherwise his son would not have died.

Before Hua Tuo died, he wanted to pass on the medical book he wrote to the jailer, but the jailer didn't dare to accept it, and Hua Tuo didn't make it difficult for him, so he burned it directly.

Hua Tuo is the originator of surgery, and he did take the lead in setting a precedent for surgery. But it's only the limbs, abdomen, etc. He had no intention of giving Cao Cao a craniotomy.

The limb bone grafting is relatively simple. Abdominal surgery followed by a timely compression can also prevent infection. But the head was impossible at the time.

Unrealistic!

It shouldn't have been said, but Cao Cao misunderstood it and thought it was a craniotomy.

It should be true, because it is recorded in history.

No, he just said that Cao Cao's illness can only be cured for a long time, and he doesn't have that ability to do craniotomy.

The surgery was not going to be successful because we had a lot of nerves in our heads, which could be dangerous if we were not careful, and the technology was not as advanced as it is now.

It could not be successful, because the environment and conditions at that time were not suitable for such a craniotomy, and no matter how superb the means were, it could not be completed.

The operation was unlikely to be successful, because at the time, the medical conditions were not good, and if you had a craniotomy, you would definitely die.

Hua Tuo is one of the famous medical scientists in the history of our country. He practiced medicine and helped the people, and he was already famous during the Three Kingdoms period.

When Guan Yu conquered Fancheng, Hua Tuo scraped Guan Yu's bones to heal the ** poisonous sores. After Cao Cao had a sudden head wind, he sent someone to invite Hua Tuo, and after Hua Tuo's diagnosis, he asserted that if he wanted to have a head wind, he needed to split the head with a sharp axe for craniotomy, and Cao Cao thought that Hua Tuo was going to take the opportunity to kill him to avenge Guan Yu, so he ordered Hua Tuo to be killed.

Every time I see this paragraph, I feel a great pity that a generation of miracle doctors has fallen like this. But let's assume that Cao Cao really agreed to Hua Tuo's craniotomy, so can the craniotomy really be realized?

1. Surgery cannot overcome the problem of infection. Under the medical conditions at that time, the instrument "sharp axe" used by Hua Tuo could not be sterile at all, and the head surgery was carried out under the condition of bacteria, Cao Cao would definitely have an intracranial infection after the operation, and at that time, there was often an epidemic spread in the north, and young and strong soldiers were easily infected by the epidemic to death, not to mention Cao Cao in his later years, a small surgical infection was enough to kill him.

2. As the most mysterious part of the human body, the brain can be said to have not been thoroughly studied so far, and although doctors have studied the major tendons and veins of the human body at that time, it is obvious that the research knowledge of the brain is not enough to carry out this operation, so Hua Tuo is unlikely to know the fine anatomy of the brain. And if the operation is really performed, the slightest carelessness will cause Cao Cao to die immediately.

3. As we all know, the implementation of an important operation must require a series of first-aid equipment. For example, today's ECG monitoring equipment, blood transfusion and rehydration facilities, oxygen equipment, etc., these minimum first-aid equipment should be indispensable, and in the case of craniotomy, if there is a drop in blood pressure or cardiac arrest, in the absence of first-aid equipment, whether the operation can be carried out smoothly is a problem.

At the same time, there are so many medical problems involved in brain surgery that if one condition is not met, the operation will face failure. Then Cao Cao can still live for a while without craniotomy, and if he really has a craniotomy, it will definitely be nine deaths, or even ten deaths.

For Cao Cao, who is suspicious by nature, he must have thought of this, so he thinks that Hua Tuo is assassinating him.