How to study the history of Chinese philosophy, and the difference between the history of Chinese ph

1. The term "history of Chinese philosophy" has two meanings: one refers to the Chinese philosophers of all ages engaged in all the activities of creating philosophy; The first refers to the historians of philosophy who have written about all the activities of Chinese philosophers engaged in the creation of philosophy. The former is called the objective and unwritten history of Chinese philosophy, and the latter is called the subjective and written history of Chinese philosophy.

2. How to study the history of Chinese philosophyThe question is to ask how to study the objective and unwritten history of Chinese philosophy, not how to study the subjective and written history of Chinese philosophy.

3. There are six ways to study the objective and unwritten history of Chinese philosophy: first, to study Western philosophy, second, to collect historical materials, third, to carefully plan the traces, fourth, to explore the background of the times, fifth, to examine the life history of philosophers, and sixth, to comment on philosophers' philosophy.

Fourth, because how to study the history of Chinese philosophy is only a question of how to study the objective and unwritten history of Chinese philosophy, the six methods of studying the objective and unwritten history of Chinese philosophy are also the six methods of studying the history of Chinese philosophy; The question of how to study the history of Chinese philosophy has been answered.

Feng Youlan believes that there are several ways to study Chinese philosophy well, namely:

1. Study Western philosophy.

Chinese philosophy lacks a system and is relatively fragmented, and if we do not study Western philosophy and make a comparison or reference, it will be difficult for China's philosophy to become a great tool. If you want to organize Chinese philosophy into a system, you must first study or understand Western philosophy.

The study of Western philosophy must be guided by the following four points:

1) Intensive reading of Western philosophical classics to form logical arguments.

2) Intensive reading of systematic works to form a complete philosophical system.

3) Metaphysics, the theory of life, epistemology, ontology, which are to be read carefully in order to form a philosophical treatise.

4) Understand and read through the history of Western philosophy.

The above four points can be combined with the study and reading of Chinese philosophy, and compared with each other.

2. Collect philosophical historical materials.

Philosophical historical materials are the cells of the history of philosophy, and without them, the history of philosophy cannot be formed.

The historical materials that make up the history of Chinese philosophy are divided into three types:

1) Raw materials. The raw materials are the works of Chinese philosophy in the past dynasties, such as Zhu Zi's "Quotations", Zhou Zi's "General Book", Shao Yaofu's "Theory of Observing Things", and Shi Zongmi's "Theory of the Original Man".

2) Auxiliary materials. The side material is a commentary on other people's philosophical works, such as Huang Zongxi's "Ming Confucianism", Quan Zuwang's "Song and Yuan Dynasty Studies", Sun Qifeng's "Lixue Zongzhuan" and "Zhuangzi: The World Chapter", Ban Gu's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles", etc.

3) Side material. The side material is made up by the author, which is equivalent to the wild history in history. For example, "Twenty-five History", "The World Speaks New Words" and so on.

In short, if you want to go deep into the philosophy of philosophers, you must know the character and background of philosophers, and if you want to know the character and background of philosophers, you need to read more official history and wild history.

1. Different authors.

1. A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy: A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy was published in 2012. This was written by the translator Zhao Fushan.

2. History of Philosophy: History of Philosophy, published by the publishing house in 2010.

Second, different content.

1. A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy: The Crystallization of Tao's Philosophical Thought. Through a treatise on philosophy, we can acquire relevant knowledge, full of wisdom and insight of philosophers, at any time and all over the world.

In particular, the author's attention to practical problems is quite in the style of "reading books and not forgetting to save the country, and saving the country without reading".

2. History of Philosophy: This book is told ten times, mainly about ancient Greek philosophy.

3. Different evaluations.

1. A Brief History of the History of Chinese Philosophy: The 20 characteristics of the history of the development of Chinese philosophy, the relevant knowledge of ancient and modern times in China and abroad have been opened, and the understanding of Chinese philosophy has been integrated into a limited space. Because it started out as a handout, it is very fluent in the language, and because it is translated from English, its vocabulary is very consistent with modern reading.

2. History of Philosophy: In 54, he was invited to give lectures in China. During the lecture, the University held a series of lectures on the history of philosophy.

Encyclopedia - History of Philosophy.

Encyclopedia - A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy.

Mr. Feng's History of Chinese Philosophy is available in English. The first English edition was published in 1937 by the translator, Mr. Bude. The second volume was translated into English more than a decade later.

The small historian is not an abridgement of the great work, but also a list of names and schools. For example, in the small scene, the form and spirit are self-sufficient. Not the whole history is in the chest, and it is here.

But if this is the case, those who read his books will feel that although they are fine, they are still ...... in detailIn this book, Xiao Shi'er, who studies Chinese philosophy, thinks that it can be guided. ”

1 Pre-Qin philosophy.

Confucius's philosophy of benevolence, Mozi's philosophy of love, Laozi's philosophy of Taoism, and Zhuangzi's relativist philosophy.

Mencius's philosophical thought of knowing the heavens Zhou Yi philosophy Xunzi's philosophical thought of Tianxing 2 Han and Han philosophies.

Huainanzi's philosophical thoughts, Dong Zhongshu's theological teleological philosophical thoughts, Wang Chongyuanqi's philosophical thoughts on naturalism, 3 Wei and Jin metaphysics.

Wang Bigui regardless of Pei Chongyou's theory of Guo Xiang's theory of independence and Seng Zhao's theory of non-vacuum4 Sui and Tang Dynasty Buddhism.

The three places of the Tiantai sect are harmonious, the law is the law, the ten thousand laws are the knowledge, the four dharma realms of the Huayan sect, the self-nature of Zen Buddhism, the epiphany5, the Song and Ming dynasties.

Zhang Zai's Void is Qi, Ercheng Tian is Reason, Zhu Xi's Dacheng's Thoughts, Lu Jiuyuan's Thoughts, and Wang Shouren's Conscience.

6 Ming and Qing dynasties.

Wang Fu's reasoning is based on Qi Yan Yuan's philosophical thought Dai Zhen's philosophical thought 7 Modern philosophy.

The philosophical thoughts of Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan, the philosophical thoughts of Hong Xiuquan, the philosophical thoughts of Kang Youwei, and the philosophical thoughts of Sun Yat-sen.

I majored in philosophy, originally during the Six Classics of the Shang and Zhou dynasties (the Book of Music has been lost). Later, it was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: Taoism and Taoism, Confucianism benevolence and reciprocation, Mohist love and mutual benefit, and utilitarianismZhuangzi Heaven and Earth have great beauty and unspoken harmony of all things;Mencius's study of character and conduct to cultivate the spirit of Haoran;Xunzi ritual law is applied together.

Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty was inducted by heaven and people, and the theory of sex and three qualities was his representative thought. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, metaphysics was divided into Wang Bigui and Pei Chongyou, and on the other hand, it was the confluence of the three religions in the Sui and Tang dynasties, represented by Buddhism, which was divided into eight sects, divided into Tantra, Vinaya, Huayan, Tiantai, Pure Land, Zen, Santreatise, and Wisdom The Song Dynasty was represented by the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty: Zhou Dunyi's "Taiji Diagram", Zhang Zai's Qixue, Ercheng's Lixue and Shao Yong's mathematics "Plum Blossom Easy Numbers", and Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty The Ming Dynasty was mainly Wang Yangming, who had nothing outside his heart, and the Qing Dynasty had Wang Chuanshan and Dai Zhen.

Zhouyi philosophy is the foundation, no matter what philosophy is in Zhouyi philosophy. All kinds of philosophies have evolved according to Zhou Yi.

First, the authors are different.

1. A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy: A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy is a book published by Peking University Press in 2012.

2. History of Philosophy: History of Philosophy is a book published by Beijing Publishing House in 2010, and the authors are Dewey and Yang Yucheng.

Second, the content is different.

In particular, the author's concern for practical problems is quite in the style of "reading books and not forgetting to save the country, and saving the country without forgetting to read".

2. History of Philosophy: This book is covered ten times, and the main content is ancient Greek philosophy.

Third, the evaluation is different.

1. A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy: In 200,000 words, it tells the history of the development of Chinese philosophy, opens up the relevant knowledge of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, and integrates Feng Youlan's understanding of Chinese philosophy in a limited space. Because it was originally a handout, its language was extremely fluent; Because it is translated from English, its text is extremely suitable for contemporary reading.

2. History of philosophy: During the May Fourth period, Dewey was invited by Hu Shi and others to give lectures in China. During the lecture, Dewey gave a series of lectures on the "History of Philosophy" at the Nanjing Higher Normal School, and "History of Philosophy" is a pamphlet published in Chinese translations of the lectures.

Because the name "philosophy" is translated, we have formed a very strange argument: the denial of Chinese philosophy. The question I am concerned about is whether there is a form of philosophical thinking and a high level of philosophical thinking in our Chinese civilization, rather than a specific form to measure it.

Similarly, "science" is a translation of "science" and "physics" is a translation of "physics". In fact, there is no unified form of philosophy in the Western tradition. Analytic philosophy, which has become popular in recent decades, emphasizes the only philosophy, which is rejected by a considerable number of scholars in the philosophical community.

Its misuse of terms and hailstones cancels fundamental philosophical questions and turns everything into linguistic analysis, which is tantamount to canceling philosophy itself. Moreover, some of the current studies of the mind based on physicalistic conceptions of the mind that have not been philosophically proven at all are in fact contrary to the tradition of philosophy.

Over the past few years, I have tried to define philosophy: rational and systematic thinking about the fundamental problems of life in the world. If someone thinks that philosophy must not be defined in this way, then we don't want it.

However, I insist on eliminating hunger in the name of philosophy, because we have to emphasize the fundamental nature of Chinese civilization, in other words, the truth of our civilization is based on its own fundamental thinking, which is the key to eliminating the bridge sail. What we are fighting for is a question of the height of civilization. In this sense, it cannot be reduced to thought, the idea is too broad, there are too many forms, there are all eras, and any third-rate scholar today also has so-called thought - but this does not constitute philosophy.

That's why I emphasize Chinese philosophy everywhere, and this is what the discipline of Chinese philosophy has been looking for and pursuing since its inception.