What is the economic development value of fault landforms?

In terms of landform, large faults often form high mountains and low lands, such as Huashan is a fault mountain formed by the rise of one side of the fault, Lushan Mountain and Poyang Lake are the fault mountains formed by the rise of one side of the fault, and the other side slides down to form a lake of lowland water accumulation.

1.Fault tectonic landforms are also known as fault landforms. It is a landform formed by the rupture of crustal rocks and the relative displacement of rocks, such as fault cliffs, fault valleys, fault basins and fault block mountains.

Fault cliffs are steep cliffs formed by fault activity, the height of which depends on the size of the fault, and can reach up to 100 meters and as low as a few meters or even less. Due to the weathering and erosion of external forces, the original fault plane often changes greatly, the slope is slowed down, and even the fault cliff disappears, and at the same time, the fault line at the base of the cliff wall is buried by the denuded debris, so that the significant features of the fault structure landform disappear (Fig. 8 3), which reflects the transformation of the original landform by external force operations. In addition, the fault cliff can also be eroded by the river that crosses the fault cliff, causing the intact fault cliff to be divided into many triangular fault cliffs, which are called fault triangles (Fig. 8 3), and at the same time, the river also deposits the erosion detritus on the other side of the fault, forming an alluvial fan.

In North China and Northwest China, the landform of the staggered distribution of fault triangles and alluvial fans is very typical. A fault valley is a valley formed along a fault fracture zone. Faults that are cut to the depths are often canyons with steep and asymmetrical banks, i.e., one bank is high and steep, and the other bank is gentle (Figs. 8-4).

If the fault zone is wide, it will form a wide valley. The strike of fault valleys is controlled by the trend of faults, and most of the fault valleys developed in a single fault zone are distributed in a straight and continuous manner. However, the fault valleys developed along more than two groups of faults with different strikes have more turning and bending"of"The glyph extends, such as many river valleys in the Hengduan Mountains of China. A faulted basin refers to a collapsed basin bounded by faults.

Its perimeter is either surrounded by faults in all different directions, or one side is bounded by faults, and is mostly elongated, diamond-shaped or wedge-shaped. It is about 30 to 50 kilometers wide and up to hundreds of kilometers long. Faulted basins usually contain thicker, looser sedimentary material.

Fault-block mountains are mountains formed by the overall uplift or partial uplift of the blocks controlled by faults, and fault-block mountains or tilted mountains with one side warped along the fault and one side gently inclined; Or a barricade-like mountain. The upturned side of the former is shorter and steeper, the sloping side is longer and gentle, and the main ridge of the mountain is biased towards the upturned side. The latter slopes are more symmetrical on both sides.

Horizontal displacement of faults - can dislocate various original landforms, or derive several tectonic landforms near fault zones.

The staggered landforms such as the gully are cut off, the alluvial fan is horizontally staggered to form the eyebrow ridge, the gully is interrupted, and the upstream is blocked to form a small lake.

Derived tectonic landforms include tectonic landforms at fault bends, tectonic landforms at the end of oblique faults, tectonic landforms near fault ends, and tectonic landforms at fault convergence or dispersion.

When two adjacent blocks are displaced along a trend-bending translational fault, two tectonic landforms appear at the fault bend: one is that the tensile stress causes the crust to sink into a depression or basin; First, the compressive stress makes the earth's crust uplift into a high ground.

Oblique faults, where the end and end meet, if squeezed, the earth's crust is uplifted into a highland, and if it is stretched, the earth's crust sinks into a depression.

When a straight fault moves horizontally, the fault near the end of the fault in front of the fault block movement is uplifted into a platform or hill due to compression. The vicinity of the end of the disturbance source of the fault block is dented due to tension. As a result, two uplift areas and two depression areas were formed on both sides of the fault in the slow side state.

When the main fault and the branch fault intersect, the fault movement has a convergence direction and a spreading direction. When the two faults converge, the wedge-shaped block between the faults will be extruded and uplifted into highland. When the two faults are scattered, the wedge-shaped massif is stretched and descends to lowland.

Geomorphology The undulating state of the earth's surface. According to its natural form, it can be divided into mountains, hills, plains, basins, etc.

What is a geological monument.

Geological heritage refers to the precious, non-renewable geological and natural heritage formed, developed and left behind due to the geological action of internal and external forces in the long geological history period of the earth's evolution. It includes natural relics such as landscapes and scenic spots and natural scenery in tourism, as well as the relics of human interaction with geological bodies and the development and utilization of geological environment and geological resources and geological disasters in the process of human formation in the late geological history.

The so-called geology refers to the nature and characteristics of the earth, including the earth's circle differentiation, physical properties, chemical properties, rock properties, mineral composition, rock formation and rock mass production state, contact relationship, the earth's tectonic development history, biological evolution history, climate change history, etc. The so-called landform refers to the undulating form of the earth's surface, such as mountains, plains, river valleys, and sand dunes on land, and the continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plain, and submarine mountain range on the seabed. According to the size of the surface morphology, there are large landforms, medium landforms, small landforms and micro-landforms.

Continents and ocean basins are the largest geomorphological units on the earth's surface, and smaller landforms such as sand ridges and sand waves formed under the action of flowing water and wind.

The crustal rock layer is fractured due to a certain strength of the force, and there is an obvious relative movement along the rupture surface is called a fault.

A crack or fracture zone in the earth's crust that moves along its adjacent rock mass. The length of the fault varies greatly, from a few centimeters to hundreds of kilometers, and the amount of displacement between the two disks can also vary so much.

Faults are widely developed tectonic formations in tectonic movements. It's not the size.

First, the scale varies, from less than one meter to hundreds or thousands of kilometers. But all of them disrupt the continuity and integrity of the rock formation. In fault zones, rocks are often broken and easily eroded by weathering. Along the fault line, valleys often develop, and sometimes springs or lakes appear.

What are the forces that cause the rock formations to break and dislocate? It turns out that the strong pressure and tension generated by the movement of the earth's crust exceed the strength of the rock layer itself, which has a destructive effect on the rock. The surface where the rock strata are staggered is called the fault plane.

When the rocks in the middle of the two faults rise relatively, and when the rocks on both sides fall relatively, the rocks that rise relatively are called barriers; It often forms block-shaped mountains, such as Lushan and Mount Tai in China. When the rock blocks in the middle of the two faults fall relative to each other and the rock blocks on both sides rise relatively, a graben is formed, that is, a narrow and long depression zone. The famous Great Rift Valley of East Africa and the Fen River Plain and Wei River Valley in China are all grabens.

Faults are particularly important for geoscientists because the sudden movement of crustal faults along the faults is the main reason for the occurrence of **. Scientists believe that the more they study the mechanisms of faults, the more accurately they will be able to predict and even control.

The relationship between geology and landform is not very clear, generally refers to the geological process to create landform, and there is a relationship between them. The geological processes that shape the landform are generally exodynamic geological processes, which include weathering, downslope movement, denudation, transport, sedimentation, etc

The external forces that shape the landform are mainly controlled by climatic factors. Under different climatic conditions, due to different hydrothermal conditions, the properties, intensities and combinations of external forces are different, resulting in different landform types and combinations of landform types. The combination of external forces and the dominant external forces vary with each climatic zone.

Since the climate has horizontal zonal and vertical zonal characteristics, the landform also has obvious zonal and vertical zonal characteristics.

In cold climates, glaciers develop when the amount of snowfall is greater than the amount of melt. In the external dynamic combination, glaciation is dominant, followed by freeze-thaw weathering, block movement, and glacial meltwater. After the action of glaciers, the mountains form horn peaks, blade ridges, cirques, glacial valleys and other landforms.

When the amount of snowfall is small enough to compensate for the amount of melting, glaciers cannot be formed, but develop into permafrost and tundra. The distribution of permafrost roughly coincides with the climatic zone of the ice edge. The dominant external force in the ice edge climate zone is freeze-thaw, followed by the action of flowing water and wind.

The glacial edge landform is mainly tundra landform, and stepped platforms often appear.

In the temperate climate zone, the flow of water is dominant, and chemical weathering and block movement are also common. It mainly forms flowing water landforms, and common ridge protrusions, concave slopes, and gentle hills.

In the hot and humid climate zone, the external driving force is dominated by the action of flowing water, but chemical weathering is also very strong. In the humid tropics with a thick layer of red weathered crust, there is almost no soil erosion type of valley erosion on the gentle hill without forest damage, and only the action of sheet flowing water, soil creeping and tropical mudflow (soil slip) is strong, and the mountain is mainly characterized by the gentle hill landform of undulating undulating convex slope. On plains or gentle hills, dome or bell-shaped island mountains composed of highly resistant bedrock often appear.

In arid climate zones, winds or intermittent torrents are the main external driving forces. It mainly forms aeolian sand landforms and intermittent torrent landforms. In addition, a foothill surface is formed, and isolated island-like mountains remain on the foothill surface.

Mountain rivers tend to be submerged in the alluvial or alluvial fans that develop in the foothills or at the edge of the basin, and groundwater seeps out from the leading edge of the alluvial fan, which becomes an oasis in arid areas.

The vertical zonality of the landform is similar to the vertical zonality of the climate, starting from the horizontal zone where it is located to the higher places. For example, in some alpine and deep valley areas, the lower part has a warm and humid climate, mainly forming flowing water landforms and gravity landforms, and the upper part has a cold climate, mainly developing glacial landforms and ice edge landforms.

In short, in the arid climate zone, the aeolian sand landform is relatively developed. In the humid climate zone, the flowing water landform is relatively developed; In the cold climate zone, glaciers and ice edge landforms are relatively developed. In the warm, humid climate zone where limestone outcrops, karst landforms are relatively well developed. The impact of climate on the landscape is significant.

Answer D: This question examines tectonic landforms. The Himalayas and the Andaeas are folds formed by tectonic plates colliding with mountains.

Wrinkled Mountains; Mt. Fuji was formed as a result of a volcanic eruption; Tarzan is a block-like mountain formed by a rampart. Therefore, it is necessary to take item D of the bureau.

Only with geology can there be landforms, and only with crustal movement can there be mountains and rivers. Motion is further divided into external and internal forces. Geomorphology is a sub-discipline of geology, and geology encompasses geomorphology.

They are inextricably linked.

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Landforms can be formed under the action of internal factors such as specific geological foundations, as well as complex and changeable external factors such as climate, hydrology, and biology. Reference: Geology refers to the nature and characteristics of the earth in general.

It mainly refers to the material composition, structure, structure and development history of the earth, including the earth's circle differentiation, physical properties, chemical properties, rock properties, mineral composition, the output state and contact relationship of rock layers and rock masses, the history of the earth's tectonic development, biological evolution, climate change, and the occurrence and distribution of mineral resources. Landform is the general term for various forms on the earth's surface, also known as topography. The surface morphology is diverse, and the causes are also different, which is the result of the comprehensive effect of internal and external geological processes on the earth's crust.

The internal geological action causes the ups and downs of the land surface, which controls the distribution of sea and land corridors, and the regional configuration of mountains, plateaus, basins and plains, and determines the tectonic framework of the landform. The geological processes of external forces (flowing water, wind power, solar radiation energy, growth and activity of the atmosphere and organisms) have continuously weathered, eroded, transported and accumulated the surface materials of the earth's crust through various ways, thus forming various forms of modern ground.