Which coal is suitable for which industry, and what are the types of coal and its products

Let's stay at the guest house on the street from West Beach!

Coal and products include raw coal, coal and coal products, such as coal washing, screening lump coal, screening coal blending and mixed coal, coke, petroleum coke, semi-coke, briquettes (blocks), briquettes, etc.

As long as it is about the production of enterprises or industries, coal is used. Enterprises with large coal users are first of all power companies, and power plants use the most coal! This is followed by large chemical enterprises, and thirdly, there are steel plants, heating companies, cement plants, coking plants, metallurgical plants and large catering institutions.

Extended Material: Coal Mining Methods.

1.Gangue discharge.

Coal mines produce the largest amount of solid waste emissions, and it is also the largest amount of solid waste produced and accumulated in China's industrial solid waste, generally accounting for about 10% of coal output. China's annual coal gangue emissions are about 100 million tons. By the end of 2002, the country's coal gangue reserves were about 3.4 billion tons, covering an area of 10,000 hectares.

It is the largest amount of solid waste produced and accumulated in China's industrial solid waste. In 2004, China's coal gangue comprehensive utilization of 100 million tons, the utilization rate of 54%.

2.Mine water discharge.

In the process of coal mine construction and production, various water sources enter the roadway and working face through different ways. In order to ensure the safety of the mine and prevent water damage, it is necessary to discharge the mine water. According to incomplete statistics, in the process of coal mining, in 2004, the mine water discharge was about 3 billion m, the average water inflow per ton of coal was about 2m, and the resource utilization rate accounted for only about 22%.

3.Gas extraction and mine ventilation.

Gas extraction before and during coal mining is an important measure to ensure the safety of coal mines. However, emitting the emitted gases into the atmosphere creates a strong greenhouse effect. Methane in gases has a greenhouse effect 20 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.

In addition, in the production process of coal mines, underground tunnels require hundreds of thousands or even millions of cubic meters of air per second. This is done mainly through mine ventilation. Mine ventilation also contains gas and a lot of dust.

According to the relevant evaluation and estimation in recent years, China's coalbed methane resources are 3 years, and the coalbed methane production of China's key coal mines is about 5%, of which the gas consumption is about 5%.

4.Ecological damage caused by mining.

Traditional coal mining ignores the mining, processing and utilization of other symbiotic and associated minerals, resulting in a waste of resources. China's coal measure is associated with more than 20 minerals, most of which are currently unused. In addition, the random storage and discarding of minerals will also cause environmental pollution and damage the ecological environment.

Coal ash mining disrupts the original mechanical equilibrium of the earth's crust. It causes the land surface to collapse and destroys the original ecosystem. This kind of destruction not only reduces or loses the original land revenue, but also causes the destruction of surface water conservancy facilities and the deterioration of the ecological environment.

The area of surface subsidence caused by mining has reached 400,000 hm2 per year, and the average annual subsidence is 15,000 hm2.

Hello, dear, the classification criteria for large coal enterprises are: extra-large coal enterprises, large coal enterprises, medium-sized coal enterprises, and small Tongmai coal enterprises. Coal mining capacity is divided into small coal mines below 300,000 tons, medium-sized coal mines with 30-1.2 million tons, and large coal mines with 120-300 tons.

More than 3 million tons are super-large coal mines. Coal enterprises, represented by China's top 50 coal enterprises, have worked hard to overcome the adverse effects of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, paid attention to the quality of development, and taken multiple measures to ensure coal development, demonstrating the responsibility of coal enterprises in economic and social development, and making significant contributions to ensuring national energy security and stability.

There are 9 types of coal, namely coking coal, fertile coal, lignite, long-flame coal, lean coal, anthracite, lean coal, weakly bonded coal, and gas coal.

1. Coking coal. Coking coal is the main coking coal among the coking coals, with a medium degree of metamorphism and the best coking cohesiveness. The coke produced by Shanxi coking coal has large lump, less cracks, high compressive strength and good wear resistance.

It is a treasure trove of coking coal. Coke, tar and coke oven gas can be obtained using coking coal. In addition to smelting, coke can also be used to make gas and calcium carbide.

2. Fertile coal. Fertile coal is a kind of coking coal, the coke made with fertile coal has many transverse cracks, and the coke root is more bee coke, which is fragile, but the cohesion of fertile coal is very strong, and it can be matched with coal with weak cohesion to make high-quality coal, which is called the mother of coking coal. Due to the scarcity of the fertilizer coal varieties, it only accounts for 5% of the country's proven coal resources, while the reserves of Shanxi's proven fertilizer coal account for about 50% of the country, mainly distributed in Huoxian mining area, Sanjiao mining area and Gujiao mining area.

3. Lignite. Lignite is metamorphic coal with rotten wood on the outside and native humic acid on the inside. Its main characteristics are high water content, low specific gravity and low calories. It can be used to produce activated carbon, sulfide coal, lignite wax, humic acid, ammonium humate fertilizer and other chemical products.

4. Long-flame coal.

Long-flame coal is the least metamorphic coal, non-cohesive and coking-free, and is mainly used as fuel. Semi-coke, coal gas and tar can be made by low-temperature dry distillation, and ammonia can be made after gas production.

5. Lean coal. Lean coal is bituminous coal with the highest degree of metamorphism and is non-cohesive. When burning, the flame is short and the duration is long, which is mainly used as thermal coal, and can also be used as a raw material for synthetic ammonia and gaseous fuel. Taiyuan Xishan, Yangquan, Heshun and Shouyang mining areas are rich in poor coal resources.

6. Anthracite.

Anthracite is a highly metamorphic coal that is hard and has a strong luster. The burning time is long and the fire power is strong. Anthracite is mainly used in fertilizer and chemical production.

Yangquan anthracite is grindable and is an ideal fuel for blast furnace injection. The anthracite coal of Jincheng and Yangcheng is called blue charcoal, which enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Shanxi anthracite resources have large reserves, ranking first in the country.

7. Lean coal. Lean coal is the coal blend in coking coal, and its performance is similar to that of coking coal. Lean coal coke has large lump degree and few cracks, but poor meltability and wear resistance, and its use is not only for coking coal blending, but also for gas production, power generation and other power coal.

Shanxi Qinshui Coalfield, Xishan Coalfield, Huoxian Coalfield and Hedong Coalfield all contain rich lean coal resources.

8. Weakly bonded coal.

Weakly bonded coal is an excessive type of coal between coking coal and non-coking coal, which is mainly used for gas production, fuel and coking. Shanxi Datong mining area is rich in low-sulfur, low-ash and low-phosphorus weakly bonded coal, and is the largest high-quality thermal coal base in China.

9. Gas coal. Gas coal is one of the types of coking coal and has low cohesiveness. It is mainly used for coal blending and coking.

Gas coal coke is easy to push coke, the gas yield is high, and the coking product rate is high. However, the disadvantage is the many longitudinal lines, which are elongated and fragile. Gas coking can be used alone in the chemical industry.

Shanxi is extremely rich in natural gas and coal resources, accounting for more than 63% of coking coal reserves.

China's coal classification, first of all, according to the volatile content of coal, all coal is divided into lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite; For lignite and anthracite, it is divided into 2 and 3 sub-categories according to the degree of coalification and the characteristics of industrial utilization, respectively. The bituminous coal part is divided into low, medium, medium and high volatile bituminous coal according to the four stages of volatile content %-37% and 37%. Regarding the cohesiveness of bituminous coal, it is divided according to the cohesion index g: 0-5 is unbonded and slightly bonded coal; >5-20 is weakly bonded coal; > 20-50 is medium to weak bonded coal; >50-65 is medium to strong bonded coal; >65 is strongly bonded coal.

For strongly bonded coal, the coal with the maximum thickness of the colloidal layer of Y>25mm or the expansion degree of Oya B>150% (for bituminous coal with VDAF >28%, B>220%) is classified as extra-strong bonded coal. In the naming of coal, considering the continuity of the old and new classifications, eight coal categories are still retained: gas coal, fertile coal, coking coal, lean coal, lean coal, weak sticky coal, non-sticky coal and long-flame coal.

In the bituminous coal category, the maximum thickness of the colloidal layer Y value or the Aoya expansion degree B value should be measured to distinguish the boundary between fertile coal, gas-fertile coal and other bituminous coals for G>85 coal.

When the Y value is greater than 25mm, such as VDAF>37%, it is classified as gas-fertilized coal. If VDAF<37%, it is classified as fertile coal. If the Y value is < 25mm, it is divided into other coals according to the magnitude of its VDAF value.

If VDAF >37%, it should be classified as gas coal, if VDAF >28%-37%, it should be classified as 1 3 coking coal, if VDAF is less than 28%, it should be classified as coking coal.

It should be pointed out here that for coal with a g value greater than 100, especially when the average g value of several samples in the mine or coal seam is above 100, it can generally be determined as fertile coal or gas fertilizer coal without measuring the y value.

In China's coal classification national standard, it is also stipulated that for bituminous coal with a g value greater than 85, if the Y value is not measured, the Aoya expansion B value (%) can also be used to determine the boundary of fertile coal, gas coal and other coals, that is, for the coal with a VDAF < 28%, the tentative B value is 150% for fertile coal; For coal with a VDAF of > 28%, the provisional B value of 220% is either fertile coal (when VDAF value < 37%) or gas fertile coal (when VDAF value is 37%). When there is a contradiction between the coal classified by the B value and the coal classified by the Y value, the coal determined by the Y value shall prevail. Therefore, when determining the grade of the newly classified strong cohesive coal, only the Y value can be measured and the B value can be temporarily not measured.

China's coal reserves are very abundant and unevenly distributed. North China has the most, accounting for the country's reserves, followed by Northwest China, accounting for the whole country, and Southwest China, accounting for . In terms of provinces, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Guizhou and Ningxia are the six provinces and autonomous regions, accounting for the whole country.

Among the existing proven reserves, bituminous coal accounts for 75%, anthracite accounts for 12%, and lignite accounts for 13%. Among them, raw coal accounts for 27% and thermal coal accounts for 73%. Thermal coal reserves are mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China, accounting for 46% and 38% of the country's total, respectively, coking coal is mainly concentrated in North China, and anthracite coal is mainly concentrated in Shanxi and Guizhou provinces.

According to the degree of carbonization, it can be divided into peat, lignite (brown coal, black coal), bituminous coal (raw coal), anthracite, and sub-coal (a type of lignite, which is unique to Japan). Anthracite has the highest degree of carbonization and peat has the lowest degree of carbonization.

2. According to its rock structure, it can be divided into candle coal, silk charcoal, dark coal, bright coal and mirror coal. Containing more than 95% vitrinite is mirror coal, the surface of coal is bright and the structure is solid, the one containing vitrinite and bright plasts is bright coal, the one containing coarse particles is dark coal, the one containing filamentous body is silk charcoal, and the microparticles formed by many small spores are candle coal.

3. According to the number of volatile components contained in coal, it can be divided into lean coal (anthracite, containing volatile content less than 12%), lean coal (containing volatile content of 12-18%), coking coal (containing volatile content of 18-26%), fertile coal (containing volatile content of 26-35%), gas coal (containing volatile content of 35-44%) and long-flame coal (containing volatile content of more than 42%).

China is rich in coal resources, and it is distributed in all provinces and regions except Shanghai, but the distribution is extremely uneven. In the area between the Daxing'an Mountains, Taihang Mountains and Helan Mountains in northern China, the geographical scope includes all or most of the six provinces and regions of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Henan, which have coal resources of more than 100 billion tons, and are the areas where China's coal resources are concentrated, accounting for about 50% of the country's coal resources and more than 55% of the coal resources in northern China. In southern China, coal resources are mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the sum of the coal resources of these three provinces is 100 million tons, accounting for the coal resources in southern China. The proven retained resources also account for more than 90% of the proven retained resources in southern China.

The main enterprises or units of domestic coal use are China Shenhua Energy Co., Ltd., Yanzhou Coal Industry Co., Ltd., China Coal Energy Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Huaibei Mining Holding Co., Ltd., Shanxi Coal International Energy Group Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal Co., Ltd., Shanxi Coking Coal Energy Group Co., Ltd., Shanxi Huayang Group Xinneng Co., Ltd., Shanxi Lu'an Environmental Protection Energy Development Co., Ltd.

Further information: 1. Coal is the most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel on the earth. The main elements that make up the organic matter of coal are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, in addition, there are very small amounts of phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine and arsenic.

2. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the main bodies of organic matter in coal, accounting for more than 95%; The deeper the degree of coalification, the higher the carbon content and the lower the hydrogen and oxygen content. Carbon and hydrogen are the elements that produce heat during the combustion of coal, and oxygen is the combustion supporting element. When coal is burned, nitrogen does not produce heat and is converted into nitrogen oxides and ammonia at high temperatures, which are precipitated in a free state.

Sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine and arsenic are harmful components in coal, with sulfur being the most important. When coal is burned, most of the sulfur is oxidized into sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is emitted with flue gas, polluting the atmosphere, endangering the growth of animals and plants and human health, and corroding metal equipment; When sulfur-rich coal is used for metallurgical coking, it also affects the quality of coke and steel. Therefore, the "sulfur" content is one of the important indicators to evaluate the quality of coal.

3. The flammable gas produced by the thermal decomposition of organic matter in coal at a certain temperature and under certain conditions is called "volatile matter", which is a mixed gas composed of various hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other compounds. Volatile matter is also the main coal quality index, and it has an important reference role in determining the processing and utilization methods and process conditions of coal. Coal with a low degree of coalification has more volatile matter.

If the combustion conditions are not appropriate, coal with high volatile content is easy to produce unburned carbon particles when burned, commonly known as "black smoke"; It also produces more pollutants such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aldehydes, and reduces thermal efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate combustion conditions and equipment according to the volatile matter of coal.