What are the symptoms of an enlarged prostate What are the causes of an enlarged prostate

The causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia are still not fully understood. At present, there are mainly the role of androgens and their receptors, the imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, the role of growth factor neurotransmitters, the interaction of prostatic stromal gland epithelium, and inflammation.

Factors of these five universities said.

The causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia are still not fully understood. At present, there are mainly the role of androgens and their receptors, the imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, the role of growth factor neurotransmitters, the interaction of prostatic stromal gland epithelium, and inflammation.

Factors of these five universities said.

What are the causes of prostatic hyperplasia?

The role of sex hormones and their receptors.

Through the androgen receptor of prostate cells, androgens can act on prostate cells, affecting their growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Therefore, prostatic hyperplasia may be related to the androgen ratio and its expression, and the number of receptors for sex hormones.

The theory of imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis.

The size of the prostate gland depends mainly on the dynamic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and if there is an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, it will lead to abnormal prostate size.

The role of growth factor neurotransmitters.

In the tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, there are a variety of growth factors that promote or inhibit the proliferation of prostate cells through different pathways, thus affecting the size of the prostate.

Prostate interstitial gland epithelial interactions.

The interaction between the prostatic stroma and epithelial cells is mainly achieved through growth factors, extracellular matrix, etc. Under normal circumstances, the prostate growth factor, extracellular matrix, etc. maintain a certain dynamic equilibrium. Once out of balance, it can lead to prostatic hyperplasia.

Inflammatory factors. The occurrence and persistence of chronic inflammation in prostate tissue stimulates and maintains the prostatic stroma and epithelium.

What are the triggers of prostatic hyperplasia?

Predisposing factors for prostate enlargement include:

Age. It is rare in men under 40 years of age, and the incidence is higher with older age over 40 years.

Medical history. There are studies that show diabetes.

Heart disease. may increase the risk of prostatic hyperplasia.

Lifestyle. Corpulent.

It increases the risk of prostatic hyperplasia, which can be reduced with proper exercise.

The main symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy are frequent urination, urgency, labored urination, urine waiting, increased nocturia, and incomplete post-urination.

1. Difficulty urinating: Progressive dysuria is the most typical symptom of prostatic hypertrophy, which is manifested by sluggish urination, intermittent, thin urine flow and weak short range, terminal dripping, prolonged urination time, and a feeling of incomplete urination at the end of urination.

Frequent urination and urgency: the earliest symptom is frequent urination, which is manifested by an increase in the frequency of urination, followed by a decrease in urine output each time, and more pronounced at night.

2. Urinary retention: prostate hypertrophy causes urethral obstruction, and when it is aggravated to a certain extent, urination can not be complete, residual urine appears, and gradually develops into urinary retention, and severe cases may have hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency.

Urinary incontinence: usually a manifestation of an enlarged prostate in the later stages. The patient is unable to control urine.

3. Hematuria: It is a rare symptom of prostatic hypertrophy. Because of the enlarged prostate, the blood vessels on the surface are distended, and the blood vessels rupture when you force you to urinate, and the bleeding is usually small, and hemorrhagic shock is occasionally seen.

The symptoms of an enlarged prostate appear gradually with pathological changes. In the early stage, the symptoms are not obvious due to bladder compensation, so patients often cannot accurately recall the length of the disease, and various symptoms appear as the disease worsens.

1 Frequent urination and urgency: The most common symptom is frequent urination, which gradually worsens, especially the increased frequency of nocturia.

2. Progressive dysuria: the main manifestations are slow urination, laborious urination, weak ejaculation, small urine line, dripping urine, segmented urination and incomplete urination.

3 Urinary incontinence:

4. Acute urinary retention: Acute urinary retention can occur when the glands and bladder neck are congested and edema caused by cold, drinking, exertion, etc. The bladder is extremely distended, painful, urinating, restless, and sleepless.

5 Hematuria: The amount of bleeding varies and is mostly intermittent, occasionally with heavy bleeding, blood clots filling the bladder, and urgent treatment is required.

6. Symptoms of renal insufficiency: In the late stage, due to long-term urinary tract obstruction, the function of both kidneys decreases, which is manifested as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and anemia.

7 Other symptoms: Dependent on increased abdominal pressure to urinate due to long-term dysuria, which can cause or aggravate hemorrhoids, prolapse and hernia.

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Clinical manifestations of prostatic hypertrophy 1Frequent urination and urgency: In the early stage of the disease, it is often an increase in urination, especially at night, which attracts the attention of patients.

It is caused by the reduction of bladder capacity due to congestion, edema and residual urine in the bladder neck. When inflammation is present or accompanied by stones, there is urgency and dysuria. 2.

Difficulty in urination: manifested as slow urination, weak ejaculation, dripping urine line, wet pants and shoes, making it inconvenient for the patient to urinate upright and take the squatting position, and then as for segmented urination, that is, when holding the breath and urinating hard, it can barely be discharged, and the urine flow is interrupted after a short rest. 3.

Urinary incontinence: The amount of residual urine is constantly increasing, and when there is a large amount of residual urine, there is often full urinary incontinence (pseudoincontinence), and there is often dripping urine, so that the patient's pants are often wet and very painful. 4.

Acute urinary retention: On the basis of the above-mentioned voiding disorders, acute urinary retention can occur at any time, causing the patient to urinate completely, and the patient is forced to come to the emergency department. The triggers of acute urinary retention are often climate change, cold, fatigue, alcohol consumption, etc.

Therefore, although there is no seasonal factor in this disease, urinary retention makes patients have to come to the emergency department, often in the cool season of autumn and winter. All of the above are symptoms of voiding disorders, and there may also be urine changes and associated symptoms such as:5

Hematuria: Gross hematuria is uncommon, and in a few cases, due to bladder neck obstruction, venous return is blocked, varicose veins are produced in the bladder, and even the formation of "bladder hemorrhoids", and sometimes blood vessels are ruptured, resulting in massive bleeding. In patients with stone formation or tumorigenesis, gross hematuria is unavoidable.

6.Comorbidities caused by frequent straining to urinate: such as hernia, hemorrhoids, prolapsed anuses, varicose veins of the lower limbs, emphysema and other comorbidities.

7.Late symptoms: Symptoms of azotemia, acidosis, hypertension, poor appetite, anemia and weight loss, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease caused by renal function loss and exhaustion can be seen.

8.Inspection findings.

1) The patients are all elderly men, generally over 50 years old. (2) An enlarged bladder can be found in the lower abdomen during physical examination. (3) During anal finger examination, the prostate gland can be felt, the ** groove disappears or both sides widen.

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Symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, bifurcation, labored urination, inexhaustible urine dripping, and increased nocturia may occur.

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Prostatic hypertrophy, also known as prostatic hyperplasia, may have symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, hematuria and increased nocturia, and some patients may also have symptoms of loss of appetite, increased blood pressure, general fatigue and backache, and severe symptoms may cause kidney damage.

The obvious symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy in Xiangyang Fifth Hospital are hematuria, the amount of bleeding varies from intermittent, occasionally with heavy bleeding and blood clots filling the bladder. Urinary incontinence is also a major symptom of an enlarged prostate, as the bladder is unable to maintain its ability to control urination, resulting in involuntary outflow of urine.