How do scientists judge that the universe is boundless?

The universe is finite but unbounded.

This is stated in Hawking's "A Brief History of Time".

Time and space cannot be infinite.

But according to the principle of relativity.

Space can be bent.

Due to the enormous mass of the universe.

The space at its boundary may be bent by gravity.

Creates unbounded.

Because scientists have no evidence that the universe is boundary, legally speaking, according to the principle of non-guilt, it should be boundless, but from the perspective of spectroscopy in physics, since it is black, then it should be boundless.

I say that the universe is boundless. This is an axiom, and I can reason with you: because the universe is made up of a vacuum and matter. What do you say is the edge of the universe? If you say that the edge of the universe is matter. What is the outside of the substance?

There are only two things on the outside of matter: matter and vacuum. If you talk about the vacuum in the margins of the universe, then behind the vacuum is either a vacuum or matter.

It's supposed to be boundless, but on the other hand, according to the spectroscopic analysis of physics, since it's black, it should be boundless.

Because scientists didn't find the margin.

Contemporary science does not yet know the limits of the universe.

Because, there are still many stars that have not stopped moving away from the earth in all directions.

Everything is only hypothetical and speculative, and there is no actual theory to confirm it!! ~

The idiom "endlessly" can often be seen in our lives. Whenever human beings see the sea, the grassland, and the forest, they will always sprout a feeling of boundlessness. But in reality, this is nothing more than a deception of the human senses and a manifestation of the limitations of human cognition.

Our so-called boundlessness is actually the largest of thousands of kilometers, and there is only one answer to the real "boundless" things in this world.

Human scientists have been trying to find the boundaries of the universe, but the Hubble telescope has not found the answer to this question. Science makes human beings believe that everything is real, there is a beginning and an end, there is birth and death, but the special existence of the universe has made human scientific concepts shattered. The universe is truly boundless, it is a one-size-fits-all question**, and it is also the answer to everything.

The theory of the Big Bang that humans explained the birth of the universe is actually very pale. For anything other than the singularity before the birth of the universe, physicists can only use the stubborn rhetoric of religion to say that nothing existed before the singularity. How is this fundamentally different from creationism?

In the field of theology, some people ask what the world was like before God, and those gods also use the conclusion that "nothing existed before God" to endorse their theories.

This is really a mockery of modern science. The universe has indeed plunged mankind into a great confusion, for this endless existence, is there really any hope for mankind to conquer? Faced with this question, which may never be answered, humanity can only try to convince itself.

Since science can't explain it, it's a matter of trying your luck with virtual reality theory.

Some people believe that this universe is actually a huge illusion that does not exist in itself, and that it is a show of the solar system by some kind of alien civilization. The whole universe is actually a background, and everything is illusory except for the solar system. And the current technology of human beings is not enough to confirm the true state and structure of the universe.

This way of classifying everything into nothingness is indeed like a human trick. Only the universe is silent as ever, and even wants to laugh. What do you think?

According to the latest observations, the farthest galaxy observed by humans is 13.7 billion light-years away. That is, if a beam of light were to be emitted from the Milky Way at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, it would take 13.7 billion years to reach Earth. This distance of 13.7 billion light-years is the extent of the universe as we know it today.

More specifically, the extent or size of the universe as we know it today is a spherical space centered on the Earth with a radius of 13.7 billion light-years. Of course, the Earth is not really the center of the universe, and the universe is not necessarily a sphere. Limited to our current ability to observe, we can only understand to this extent.

So the universe has no boundaries, and our ability to observe determines how far we can see.

Our ability to observe is developing, and the scope of observation is expanding. But according to BIGBANG's theory, the universe is still expanding. The vast universe is boundless and the depth is unimaginable.

In April 1999, an astronomical research team at the State University of New York harnessed the immense power of the Hubble Space Telescope. After more than two years of careful observation and computer science processing, more than 400 images of objects overlapping in this direction were eliminated, and finally the oldest galaxy was reached, which should be at the edge of the universe, 13.7 billion light-years away from its regression and expansion at the speed of light! The distance of 13.7 billion light-years is difficult to compare, and even the fastest light would take 13.7 billion years to reach.

It can be seen that this farthest galaxy is also a celestial body shortly after BIGBANG, and it is the most precious and oldest fossil of the universe, because the early history of the universe will be of immeasurable significance for exploring the origin and evolution of the universe. The universe is not infinite, or the small universe we live in is not infinite. Its boundaries are in **, and in what form it exists, is still debated, but it is basically accepted that our universe is not infinite.

Now there is an argument that space-time is twisted at the edge of the universe, meaning you can get infinitely close to it, but you can't.

As for whether the universe in general, that is, the universe outside our universe, is infinite, it is difficult to say. Just as we can't talk about summer insects, human technology has no concept of this now, and our research has not yet broken through the confines of our universe. The universe is infinite, yet bounded.

Hawking's understanding of the universe is like basketball. The beginning and end points cannot be found on the sphere, but it is bounded. As with many astronomy books, if you look at the work of Stephen Hawking, you will understand more.

Or from the big theory, our universe is still expanding, and galaxies are still regressing, that is, the universe as we know it is still expanding, extending, and expanding.

This is true, this is because there is no way to measure the exact width and volume of the universe, and there are many unknown secrets in the universe.

Judging by some current instruments, this is indeed the case, because there is no more advanced machine that can detect the boundaries of the universe.

Yes. Because the universe is infinite, very big, so big that it is boundless, I think the universe is really boundless.