How to analyze historical materials, analysis of historical materials

Analyze the age, causes, and background of the historical event to determine whether the occurrence of the historical event is inevitable or accidental, and then analyze what impact the historical event has on the rear view, and whether the impact is positive or negative. What is the educational significance for us today?

Analyze the character of the task in the historical event in more depth, and determine why the historical figure did what kind of thing.

In short, the analysis should be comprehensive, first talk about the event, and then jump out of the event to say the impact and significance.

Note the statements before and after the ellipses.

Looking at [time], it is generally a special person in the material, or in the excerpt description, it is easy to say that the judgment is right, and it is easy to say that it is in the chaos of war, and it is said that it is peaceful development in the prosperous era.

Most of the answers to the material questions are in the material and need to be read carefully.

1. According to the form of representation of the materials, historical materials are divided into documentary historical materials, physical historical materials and oral historical materials.

1. Historical documents: The earliest documentary materials are not historical books, but oracle bone inscriptions (the documentary value of oracle bone inscriptions is confused with the meaning of early texts).

2. Physical historical materials: physical historical materials refer to all kinds of relics, ruins, buildings, inscriptions, sculptures and paintings, etc., this kind of historical materials are the witness of history and the reliability of historical knowledge, which can not only reflect the history more truly, but also have an intuitive image. A large part of this was excavated by archaeology.

3. Oral and oral historical materials.

1) Oral historical materials (myths and legends in ancient times): have certain historical value before there are no written records;

2) Oral history is the material written or organized into text by people's oral recollection of the past.

2. According to the different value of the data, it is divided into first-hand historical materials (direct historical materials, raw materials) and second-hand historical materials (indirect historical materials).

First-hand historical materials refer to historical materials that are close to or directly produced at the time of historical occurrence and can be used as historical issues in perspective. Secondary historical materials refer to the research and interpretation of primary historical materials by later generations.

3. Classification of other historical materials.

1. Intentional and unintentional historical materials.

1) Historical books and written historical works, memoirs and public reports compiled by official organizations should be classified as "intentional historical materials";

2) Official documents, archives, military documents, personal letters, diaries, etc., which are all evidence that people at that time inadvertently left behind. It should be classified as "unintentional historical data".

2. "Official History" (official records) and "Wild History" (folk records).

1) Official history: It is generally believed that it refers to the historical books recorded by court historians;

2) Wild history: It is generally believed that it refers to the history books compiled by private people in ancient times, which is different from the official history books, and is relatively different from the "official history".

The use of historical materials to study history should pay attention to the authenticity of historical materials, the historical background of historical materials, the essential attributes of historical materials, the destruction of historical materials, and the language expression form of historical materials.

1. Authenticity of historical materials: The authenticity of historical materials is the basis of historical research. When using historical materials, prudent judgment should be made to ensure the authenticity of historical materials.

It should be noted that historical materials also have the specific perspective and purpose of the recorder, and there are sometimes cases of false reporting, so it is necessary to compare and sift a variety of historical materials to make accurate judgments.

2. Historical background: The birth background of historical materials is an important part of their content, therefore, when analyzing and observing the historical materials used by the historical background, we should have an in-depth understanding of the historical background.

3. The essential attributes of historical materials: Historical materials have the essential attributes of different periods, which can be physical objects, cultural relics, political documents and literary works, etc., as well as oral descriptions and memories. When using historical materials, it is necessary to understand their essential attributes and judge their specific application fields and values.

4. The quality of historical materials: The quality of historical materials often determines the historical period they reflect, so the type, quantity and reliability of the historical materials used need to be analyzed and compared.

5. The language expression form of historical materials: The language expression form of historical materials determines the habits and ideological concepts of the corresponding period, which need to be understood in combination with development and changes, otherwise it will be interpreted and misinterpreted.

The importance of historical sources

Historical materials are tangible or intangible materials that record historical events, people, culture and society, etc., which provide a true basis for the study of history and make historical research more objective. Through the study of historical materials, we can conduct in-depth thinking about historical events, such as analyzing the background, causes, and effects of historical stages, which is helpful to understand history and discover historical laws. By studying these cultural heritages, it contributes to the transmission and preservation of culture.

The following issues should be paid attention to in the use of historical materials to study history:

1. Reliability of historical materials: The reliability of historical materials is the basis of historical research. It is necessary to evaluate the authenticity, completeness, etc. of historical materials. In the course of research, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of biases and lies so as not to draw erroneous conclusions.

2. Relevance of historical materials: The relevance of historical materials refers to the connection between historical materials and research questions. It is necessary to clarify the relevance of historical sources to the research question, so as not to get bogged down in meaningless details and waste time and energy.

3. Integration of historical materials: Historical materials are often scattered in different places and need to be integrated. When integrating historical materials, it is necessary to pay attention to the consistency and intercorrelation between various historical materials to avoid contradictions or omissions.

4. Interpretation of historical materials: Historical materials are the basis of historical research, but relying on historical materials alone cannot obtain sufficient information. It is necessary to use knowledge of history, philosophy, sociology, etc., to interpret and analyze historical materials.

6. Preservation and protection of historical materials: The preservation and protection of historical materials is the basis of historical research. It is necessary to protect the integrity and authenticity of historical materials and prevent the loss, destruction and tampering of historical materials.

In short, historical research needs to pay attention to the reliability, relevance, integration, interpretation, classification and screening of historical materials, and at the same time, it is necessary to protect the preservation and protection of historical materials to obtain authentic and reliable historical information.

The first big question:

Question 1: The period of primitive society. No. It is necessary to live in a communal life.

Question 2: Pekingese already know how to use natural fire. The use of fire makes people eat cooked food, which is conducive to digestion and makes nutrients easier to absorb, and the nutritional level of human beings can be improved, which is more conducive to the development and evolution of the brain, and is more conducive to the improvement of human labor and thinking ability, so the survival ability and survival rate of human beings can be improved.

Question 3: Humans have learned to use artificial fire. The cave people learned to make fire manually. The cave people lived about 30,000 years ago.

The second question: the first question: the era of legends (the end of primitive society) and the Xia Dynasty; The Xia Dynasty was founded around 2070 BC.

Question 2: Cite ancient texts. It is also possible to use the oral record method of interviewing the witnesses of the parties, the empirical method of archaeological relics and archaeology of ancient history, the field archaeological excavation and research to write research reports, and the collection of folk history and legends for collation.

Abbreviated as collation oral method, archaeological research method).

Question 3: The history of the Xia Dynasty has been confirmed by archaeological excavations. In the fifties of the last century, the excavation of the Xia cultural site of Yanshi Erlitou in Henan Province made the history of the Xia Dynasty a legend into a documented history.

Question 3: Choose C. Because the Yuanmou people are one of the earliest ancient human sites found in China. Before 1990, Yuanmou Man was considered to be the site of "the earliest human fossil ever discovered" in China.

(1) When is the situation described in material 1? In such a situation, can you live on your own strength? What should people do?

The situation in prehistoric times could not live and people should live in groups and live on the strength of the group.

2) What is the historical fact that material 2 proves? What is the significance of its use?

It proves that Peking people have begun to use fire Significance: It promotes the development of human physique and the evolution of the brain, and greatly improves the ability of human beings to adapt to the environment.

3) What major changes does material 3 reflect in the lives of the primitive inhabitants? Who do you think started this change? How many years ago?

From the use of natural fire to artificial fire, starting with the cave man on the top of the mountain, about 30,000 years ago.

1) What historical time can you extract from this material? In which year did Yu establish the Xia Dynasty?

Shun reigned for 17 years, and 3 years after Shun's death, Yu succeeded to the throne and established the Xia Dynasty in 2070 BC.

2) What is this way of understanding history? What other ways can we learn about history?

This can be done through documentary sources, but also through physical and oral sources.

3) Which historical facts in this material have been confirmed by archaeological discoveries?

Shun's successor was Yu Yu, who established the Xia Dynasty at that time

(1) What is the name of the Roman Empire in Chinese history books? (Daqin) (2) At that time, which Chinese objects were loved by the Romans? (3) What are the historical facts of the official exchanges between the two sides?

The Eastern Han Banchao sent Gan Ying as an envoy to Daqin, and Gan Ying returned after reaching the Persian Gulf. In 166, the Great Qin Andun Dynasty sent an envoy from Haidao to meet Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the earliest record of direct exchanges between China and Europe in the official history (Book of the Later Han Dynasty).