What did official mean in ancient times, and was there any difference between official and offi

In ancient times, officials were all first-class staff in a general sense, but the actual subdivision of "officials" and "officials" is indeed different, and the difference is still very big. "Official" refers to the "court **" appointed by the imperial court, with official rank.

There are those who have the court. However, "officials" refer to the subordinate personnel who are indeed subordinate to **, and are responsible for the specific implementation of affairs, and the officials are much higher than the officials. The two are not the same. <>

In the Qin Dynasty, the system of "three princes and nine secretaries" was implemented, and the ** of this period were all appointed by the imperial court, such as county guards and captains.

The county order, the county lieutenant, these senior ** are appointed by the imperial court, but a county is very large, just with these two or three, it is impossible to manage at all, so in order to better govern the place, these ** will choose some more knowledgeable and capable people to help them manage and be their own helpers, these people are officials, these officials are ** found by themselves, and Yu Lu is also ** sent to them by themselves.

In the Han Dynasty, the bureaucratic system was further improved, and the titles of officials and officials also officially appeared. <>

In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the nine-product Zhongzheng system.

The emergence of the ** in the court is all from wealthy nobles, and they basically have no ability to deal with affairs, but at this time, the poor scholars have no way to be officials, so these people go to be the doorkeepers of the **, help ** deal with affairs, and then ** give them a fortune. Since then, ** and officials have been separated, the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty.

It is also forbidden for officials to take the exam, and after that, ** refers to those who have a rank and have a court official who has a court, and officials are those who are attached to ** and help ** to do things.

Most of the officials in ancient times were not local, they were all transferred from other places, so they had to find some officials who were familiar with the local area to help them deal with affairs. The relationship between the two is very close. China's bureaucratic system is constantly developing and changing, starting from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it has been constantly changing, but the relationship between officials and officials is indeed basically like this, and it has not changed much until the founding of New China.

After that, the title of the official changed. <>

The "official" has a grade and a good fortune, and is the "court official" directly appointed by the imperial court, and the "official" is the specific staff subordinate to the **, the official is the beam, the official is the rubble, the official is the backbone, the official is the branch, the official is the tiger wolf, and the official is the minions. As for the relationship between the two sides, it is even more interesting, because the "officials" and the "officials" are interdependent, calculating and guarding against each other.

The official is appointed by the imperial court, and the smallest official is the county order, the seven grades. Officials are appointed by officials, there is no rank, and they are responsible for specific work, such as county officials, county lieutenants, knives and pens, money valleys, prison officials, etc., and the team leaders and catchers belong to the subordinates, and the servants who run errands below, such as the government servants and sedan chair men, are all requisitioned from the old white surname. There are also cronies and retinues of officials who are called bureaucrats, who do not directly come forward to take charge of affairs, but give advice to officials and contact the higher yamen.

It is the slaves who provide living services for the officials, such as maids, mothers-in-law, husbands, etc. The above is an example of the county, and the county level and above are basically like this. Soldiers above the county level can be raised, and those who manage the troops are generals appointed by the imperial court, and generals appointed by officials are generals.

In ancient times, counties could not be governed, and the counties below were basically autonomous, relying on rich and famous people, some were landlords, some were merchants, and some were scholars who did not become officials, that is, gentry, such as squires.

Officials are appointed by ** uniformly, usually Jinshi or Hanlin born learned people, with a certain amount of power, they can govern a side of the people. Most of the officials are recruited by the officials, and they serve and help them achieve their governance.

The meaning of officials in ancient and modern times has basically not changed, and it is a general term for ****. It refers to any kind of official position among the nine grades of officials in ancient China, and the lower-level official position is filled by those who have passed the classic literature examination. Officials and officials both refer to **** in meaning, and with the change of history, the meaning of the two has gradually become different.

The official is like a staff member, who is officially admitted by the court with the imperial court to ensure the income during drought and flood, and the official is used to fill the vacancy, and it is the assistant temporarily found by the local ** because of lack of manpower, not the staff in the staff, and the salary does not enjoy the imperial court. <>

During the Qin and Han dynasties.

The meaning of an official is reciprocal, an official is an official, an official is an official, and an official can take an official as a teacher. The Han Dynasty deposed the hundred schools and respected Confucianism.

Confucianism should also govern the country through grammar and law, the official system should be complete, and the officials should communicate with each other. At this time, the officials all refer to ****, and there is no distinction between high and low. In the period of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the nine-grade official law was implemented.

There is no high door in the lower grade, and there is no untouchable family in the upper grade. ** is higher than a minor official who is only proficient in a certain technology. Officials have become a lowly profession to officials.

In the Tang and Song dynasties until the Ming and Qing dynasties, officials almost became miscellaneous servants without any official positions, so they were called Xu officials. They have long occupied the position of a temporary worker, exercising the most direct power, dealing directly with the people, and directly influencing the people. Since the officials were lowly, the wages of the ** were directly paid by the imperial court, and the junior officials were raised by the yamen themselves, so that they could run errands for the yamen and handle trivial matters.

This is the decision-maker, and the small official is the executor. That is to say, the official is the main position, the power is in hand, and the official is for the first, and there is no power. In fact, this was in the pre-Qin period.

There are also signs, at that time, the officials were civil officials, and their duties were very miscellaneous, and they did everything. <>

Therefore, in terms of meaning, the meaning of officials is almost the same in ancient and modern times, which is the general term of ** of **. From the perspective of Chinese characters, officials include officials, regardless of size can be called officials, and minor officials who are responsible for carrying out affairs are called officials. As the meaning of the word, the two are basically generalized and equivalent, such as the feudal official.

There is no difference between the meaning of the official and the official. <>

Chinese culture. The history is long, and the evolution of officials has also gone through a long process, and we cannot simply define the meaning of officials and officials, but can only understand it in a specific environment.

In fact, it refers to relatively low-level soldiers, and the status of officials is relatively high, and the latter are generally some county commanders in small counties.

The general official refers to a kind of position, but the official refers to the soldier, and in ancient times, he often had different treatment.

1. Identity:

Officer: Senior in the service of the people**. **is**, that is, how long, there are grades (one, two, three, etc.). **Appointed by ****.

Official: The identity of the subordinate, serving **. Although they work in the yamen, they are just ordinary people. However, ** is not at this level, but is recruited by ** itself.

2. Career promotion:

Official: All of them are Jinshi, born in Hanlin, good knowledge, as long as there is no problem when they are in office, they can be promoted by officials after three years of assessment.

Officer: Since I can't get promoted, I can only keep improving my skills and serve ** in order to gain recognition.

3. At work:

Official: ** The people who govern the country according to their own philosophy of governance and give orders. Compared to today, a ** is more like a politician. He must have his own political ideals and ideas of governance.

Officer: The task is to use their expertise to serve their "**", to help them make recommendations and implement the policies proposed. Now, he is a technical expert, through his own technical experience, he executes the boss's plan step by step and achieves the best results.

An officer is a person who has power in his hands.

Officials are in charge and have no power.

Officers are selected by examination.

Officials are recruited.

For example, in ancient times, when the case was decided, the county magistrate was an official, the official with a stick was an official, and the civil clerk of ** was also an official.

To give a modern example, the xx director is the official, and the xx clerk and clerk are the officials.

The meaning of official is basically a general term for ****, which is a kind of position. The difference is that there are different differences in different eras, but most officials are better than officials.

Officials are interconnected, governing the country according to law, officials are officials, and officials are officials; Officials and officials have different social status, different levels and different tenures, officials are superior people who serve the people, while officials are inferior people who serve officials, although officials undertake the affairs of the government, but they are essentially the people, and officials belong to the privileged class.