Who can identify Yuan Qinghua? 10, Who can identify Yuan Qinghua?

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Any artifact has the characteristics of its time, and if you drive a classic car and tell you that this is an Audi 2010 model, you will definitely not believe it, on the contrary, if you drive a 2010 Audi and say that this is an Audi in 1920, you will not believe it, right, because this is a thing that you can simply listen to and see in the past 100 years, so you will judge it at once if you have a little car knowledge.

The same is true for Yuan blue and white, when you have heard about Yuan blue and white and repeatedly seen Yuan blue and white, and understand the Yuan Dynasty Yanyou, to the positive period of Jingdezhen to make blue and white utensils of the process, materials, firing methods, and uses of the identification of Yuan blue and white is not so difficult.

It is not difficult to identify the famous expert team of Yuan Qinghua in China, because now Yuan Qinghua has been decrypted by many collections in China, the Middle East, Europe and the United States, and this technology has been mastered by most experts and connoisseurs, and even the counterfeiters are known. The treasure appraisal sites of major TV stations are also OK, and so are the famous appraisal experts in Beijing.

Guiguzi can identify Yuan Qinghua!

Fake multi-flower does not need to be identified, if the old I give you money, how much to give and find one, the price you also know is clear, fake

Read a lot of books, there are explanations, there are a lot of things to remember, and there are really no skills in that thing.

As the overlord of blue and white porcelain, Yuan blue and white porcelain is now loved by the world, which has led to a sharp increase in the sales of Yuan blue and white imitations in Jingdezhen. Therefore, it is indeed difficult to identify high imitations, and if necessary, modern high-tech means should be used to assist in identification, but as far as general imitations are concernedAs long as you are proficient in the knowledge of ancient ceramic craftsmanship, you can make a clear judgment

First: the fetal quality of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is heavy and strong, the wall is thicker, and there are more large vessels. Due to the large number of impurities, most of the tires have iron-brown dots.

In view of the limitations of the production process, the Yuan blue and white porcelain fetus contains more impurities, mostly presented as iron-brown dots, the fetal soil is not detailed enough, and there are more small holes on the tire wall, in addition, the Yuan blue and white porcelain has a round shape, smooth lines, and no knife marks. Imitation blue and white porcelain is often delicate soil, without impurities and pores, and the traces of knife repair are more obvious.

Second: Yuan blue and white porcelain circle feet are generally large and short, and the bottom and inner cover of the vessel are not glazedBut there will be glaze spots at the bottom and inside the vessel, and the carcass of Yuan blue and white porcelain of pots and bottles is generally four sections and three joints or five sections and four connections, and the interface is generally located at the bottom, abdomen and neck, and the interface is glued with mud, and there will be obvious bulges. The inner wall and the bottom of the Yuan blue and white porcelain are generally not glazed, the inner wall is flint red, and the bottom cloth has red spots.

Third: The old Yuan blue and white flowers are all fired in a firewood kiln, and now most of the imitations are burned in a gas kilnThe two processes are different, and the chemical and physical changes of the enamel are also different. Especially in the formation process of bubbles in the glaze, it is not the same, the bubbles burned in the ancient firewood kiln should appear different sizes and bright, and the bubbles are bright.

However, the bubbles burned by modern gas kilns are relatively small and large, and they are not transparent. This is only relatively speaking, and it cannot be ruled out that modern counterfeiters use firewood kilns to imitate the utensils, and they have to be studied in depth in all aspects such as shape and ornamentation to make judgments.

Fourth: there are three kinds of blue and white hair colors: intense, elegant, and gray. Nongyan is made of imported Su mud and green materials, and light and elegant is a mixture of imported materials and domestic materials.

A considerable part of the blue and white has black spots and is dark after firing. The most positive type of Yuan blue and white is used in imported Su Ma from the green material, and Su Ma from the green material has a characteristic, that is, high iron low manganese, blue and white deep blue with a little purple, green slightly green. The main ingredient of "Suboni Qing" used in the Yuan Dynasty is cobalt oxide with a small amount of iron oxide.

Under the action of high temperature, the iron oxide in "Subnicine" will accumulate with each other in the liquid state of silicate, forming dark crystalline spots. Observed under the microscope, it is mostly irregular and brown spots sink under the glaze.

Fifth:

Yuan blue and white porcelain is hand-drawn and then removed, and fingerprints and swirls are often left on the inner wall of the finished productBefore the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the outer wall of the blue and white porcelain was trimmed with a knife, and the inner wall was not repaired, after the middle of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the plate knife began to be used, and the inner wall of the blue and white porcelain began to be trimmed.

I believe that these can help everyone in the identification of Yuan Qinghua

The appreciation of Yuan blue and white mainly has the following aspects:

First, look at the type. The potters are very skilled in the grasp of the artifact technology, the segmented tire shaping is the basic process, the shape of the vessel is simple and beautiful, the craftsmanship is chic and free, the simple kiln workers in the oppressed, controlled environment, relying on the superb craftsmanship handed down from the ancestors, every piece of art created, it looks like there will be the mark of the times, we understand the charm to find from the shape of the vessel, look at the shape is the first level.

Second, look at the green. The blue and white color of Yuan blue and white is varied, this blue and white hue is used according to the quality of the utensils, the color of Yuan blue and white in various regions is not uniform, and not all rust spots obviously penetrate deep into the fetal bone, nor are they all sunset and touch have a concave and convex feeling.

Sometimes there will be several blue and white tones in a piece of ware, which can not only save high-quality green materials, but also highlight the theme, and also feel the layering of blue and white colors.

3. Look at the flowers. Painting is a major feature of Yuan Qinghua, the picture is constantly innovating, smooth and casual, bold and rough, exquisite and thick combination, the pen has speed, the brushwork has a bearing, not sluggish and imposing.

Some of the paintings of character story scenes should have been involved in the participation of painters who have a certain influence in society, and even several famous character jars may have been made by one person. This kind of super level of play has led to the improvement of the level of the entire Yuan Qinghua.

Fourth, look at the glaze. The real superior Yuan blue and white glaze is very distinctive, and you can feel the blooming of the orchid, beautiful and hard, and the combination of tire glaze is smooth and delicate. The glaze of ordinary Yuan blue and white also has a temperament, which can be described simply by the word "run", and the glaze of imitation Yuan blue and white can be expressed with the word "tender", which requires certain conditions and a certain time to observe and cultivate.

Fifth, look at the tire. Yuan Qinghua's fetal soil is varied, manifested in each piece of utensils is very different, the more high-end products, the more delicate the fetal soil, the overall harder and more symmetrical air, there is a concave and convex surface at the stubble. Some fetal soil can also present what we call "glutinous rice tire", which is white and delicate, and is very good for use in thin packaging, molding, and utensils.

The Yuan blue and white instrument looks heavy, but the actual hand is very moderate, not pressing, giving people a sense of stability. The fetal soil is the Achilles heel of the imitation, even if the small pores in the fetus can be imitated, a careful comparison will show that these pores have no natural vitality, especially on the bottom foot. The vicissitudes of history and natural traces are caused by long years, and imitations cannot be surpassed.

Sixth, look at it comprehensively.

Yuan blue and white from the production to the distribution of many grades, there will be a thousand changes, careful observation, Yuan blue and white will have some defects, the shape of the vessel is not regular enough, raw burning, over-burning caused by the color is not bright enough, some have a small amount of kiln cracks, etc., kiln workers will be based on the existing mud in their hands, at will to make products with different fetal qualities, pay attention to the combination of each piece of utensils tire glaze, distinguish the faint "kiln red line" changes.

Yuan blue and white porcelain is a very precious kind of porcelain, mainly through the following means to distinguish the real from the fake.

At the level of ornamentation, the different levels of Yuan blue and white will have a corresponding size, which is equivalent to a container, and the capacity of the container determines the size of the container, which is one of the ways to identify the Yuan blue and white.

In the long-term identification, there are also some small details can be seen the authenticity of the Yuan blue and white, if the decorative layer of the Yuan blue and white is seven, then sorry, this is an imitation, because this seven characters are more taboo in the Yuan Dynasty, many people who make imitations do not know, once there is such a Yuan blue and white, that is the probability of imitation is very large.

Yuan blue and white porcelain is generally divided into two tones, one is gray-blue, lighter, and the other is dark blue, which is more gorgeous. In the traditional concept, the gray and blue ones are domestic materials, and the blue ones are imported materials. Imported green material is used for large, medium or small yuan blue and white materials, and domestic cobalt materials are only used for medium and small tools.

First, there are no spots in the fake color sense, while the real ones have spots, and the fake brown is not enough, and the fake glaze is often very thick; Second, the real marks are in the stroke of the pen, which is a very natural existence in the lines, and the marks have a sense of movement. Fake ones use heavy pens and multiple repetitions, and some rewrite and rewrite.

The identification methods of Yuan Qinghua are all through the experience summarized in the process of practice, there is no clear method, here are a few experience for reference:

First, Yuan Qinghua generally has a thick carcass and a moderate feeling on the hand;

Second, the bottom of the vessel is unglazed, most of the bottom of the vessel has obvious swirls, and some have jump knife marks and are sticky with sand filling.

3. There are two kinds of blue and white colors: strong and gray, and there are rust spots;

Fourth, it has the oblique cutting treatment of the outer wall of the circle foot, often leaving the finger marks when dipping the glaze, and the exposed part is brownish-red; The unglazed exposed part of the bottom of the large vessel is often glued with a large area of glaze.

Fifth, segmented manufacturing, splicing, the bottom traces are very obvious, especially the inner wall of the can glaze is uneven.

Sixth, some people say that Yuan Qinghua has flint red, and no flint red is not Yuan Qinghua, which is not true. Many Yuan blue and white dew places do not have flint red. As long as the fetal bone, glaze, green material, craftsmanship, painting, etc. are all right, whether there is flint red or not, it is Yuan blue and white.

Second, we also started from the study specimens, which are ancient porcelain fragments. These precious ancient porcelain pieces are the magic weapon to know the Yuan blue and white flowers, be familiar with the Yuan blue and white flowers, and master the characteristics of the Yuan blue and white flowers. Through a large number of exploration and research summary, in order to make our collection research from quantitative change to qualitative change sublimation, in order to train a pair of sharp eyes to identify the authenticity, to find the genuine.

The fetal quality of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is heavy and strong, the wall is thicker, and there are more large vessels.

Due to the large number of impurities, most of the tires have iron-brown dots. The tire is made of kaolin clay. The characteristics of kaolin cangtu are white but not fine, because the crushing conditions were limited at that time, and the process was limited, so a lot of pores could be seen. Now the tires are very thin and have no pores.

In the past, the old fetal mud had a process of decaying, and the organic matter would change after decay. Therefore, its tires have a delicate feeling, and the tires made now are not stale and look very dry. The plasticity of porcelain-making raw materials processed by modern machinery is generally not as good as that of hand-prepared raw materials in the Yuan Dynasty.

The popular ceramic molding process in modern Jingdezhen is: three points of blank drawing, seven points of repairing blank.

In other words, the forming of the utensils is mainly made with a knife. The process of the Yuan Dynasty is just the opposite, it is seven points to draw the blank and three points to repair the blank, mainly because the Yuan Dynasty mud is strong and can be pulled very thin, so the upper half and the interior of the utensils do not need to be trimmed at all, but the lower half and the circle foot need to be simply trimmed.

There is no big vessel in the Song Dynasty, and in contrast, the Yuan porcelain tire is heavy, large and majestic. But there are also small bowls that are refined beyond imagination to be as thin as eggshells, and the light can see shadows. Because the ancient porcelain is taught by master and apprentice, passed down from generation to generation, focusing on the aesthetics of the vessel type, so the proportion is harmonious, mellow and smooth, and there is essence, qi and spirit.

Fake-type performance: the overall feeling is unharmonious, irregular, stiff, lacking in craftsmanship, and even a little nondescript. The shoulders are not rounded, the belly is not streamlined, the utensils with lids do not fit well, and the gap is too large.

The beast head decorated on the jar is not violent, and the elephant ears of the bottle and the phoenix head on the pot are all lifeless.

Whether it is true yuan blue and white, using blue and white materials to distinguish is the most effective and convenient method. The imitation of Yuan blue and white is the most likely to show flaws in the hair color of the blue and white material and the performance of the pigment on the decorative picture.

In view of the limitations of the production process, the Yuan blue and white porcelain fetus contains more impurities, mostly presented as iron-brown dots, the fetal soil is not detailed enough, and there are more small holes on the tire wall, in addition, the Yuan blue and white porcelain has a round shape, smooth lines, and no knife marks.

Imitation blue and white porcelain is often delicate soil, without impurities and pores, and the traces of knife repair are more obvious.

At the decorative level, the different levels of blue and blue flowers will have a corresponding size, equivalent to a container. The capacity of the container determines the size of the container. This is one of the ways to identify blue and white.

The difference between Yuan blue and white and other blue and white and Tang Sancai is that the texture of Yuan blue and white is uniform, high gloss, and high density.

1. The unique blue and white clouds are scattered and the unique sense of blur and blur.

2. The painting is natural and unrestrained, without a sense of stagnation.

3. The vicissitudes of the foot cannot be replicated.

4. The interaction between blue and white glaze has been applied to the extreme, and future generations have never surpassed it.

5. Any kind of porcelain with historical years will leave some old micro-traces, which need to be carefully discovered.

6. In fact, any category of imitations, including the so-called high imitations, cannot imitate its charm.