Why did the Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly declare war on the Eleven Kingdoms?

Mainly because the envoys of the eleven countries conflicted Cixi in words, and did not take the Qing ** in their eyes, which made Cixi, who had always felt that the Qing ** was the first in the world and had not had much contact with the international situation, very unhappy, so he would directly declare war on the eleven countries.

Because the resolution of the ministers of the eleven countries once held a meeting, there were seven words on it: "Order the Queen Mother to return to power". Cixi was shocked when she saw it, since she died in battle, and died without fighting, she would fight to the death with the foreigners, which was the main reason why the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on the Eleven Kingdoms.

Because these 11 countries angered the Empress Dowager Cixi, they did not let the Empress Dowager Cixi have a good birthday. That's why the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on these countries.

At that time, Cixi also did not know the height of the sky, he felt that the Qing Dynasty was the strongest country, and he did not understand that Western countries already had tanks.

At that time, Cixi declared war with the eleven countries of the Xinian Xinfang, because the people at that time had risen up a few Gao tribes, and the organization made him feel that he could fight, and secondly, because the requirements of the foreigners were too high and quiet.

It's because he thought that his country was very powerful and not so corrupt, so he didn't think badly at all.

On May 21, 1900, Rong Lu hurriedly attacked and reported highly confidential information to the Empress Dowager Cixi, saying that the ministers of various countries had jointly decided to "order the Empress Dowager to return to power", and Cixi declared war on the Eleven Nations in order to retain power.

The Empress Dowager Cixi took out hundreds of thousands of taels and rewarded the Boxers who recited mantras and boxing in Beijing and Tianjin, asking them to attack the concession in Tianjin and besiege the embassy in Beijing.

On the one hand, the Empress Dowager Cixi instigated the Boxers to attack the embassies of various countries, and on the other hand, she sent vegetables and fruits to the embassies to offer condolences. Rong Lu saw that Lafayette's policy was repeated and full of contradictions, and he would declare war for a while, but then send condolences again.

Therefore, we are prepared accordingly. He transferred Yuan Shikai's German-style armed Wuwei right army to Dong Fuxiang's Gan army to attack the embassy, and at the same time, he also sent people to disguise themselves as bandits and transport arms and ammunition to the embassy.

On July 14, the Eight-Nation Coalition captured Tianjin; On August 2, it marched along both sides of the canal from Tianjin, and soon occupied Langfang. In the early morning of August 14, she came to the outside of Beijing to launch a general attack on Beijing, and the Empress Dowager Cixi fled all the way to Xi'an.

The declaration of war on the outside world is a hundred years of misinformation: it is an internal war mobilization order, not a declaration of war.

On June 20, the Qing court issued an edict saying that the imperial court had fallen into the dual predicament of foreign soldiers and Boxers, and asked the governors of the provinces to make a comprehensive plan, liaise with one party, and receive help from the Beijing division to save the situation. On 21 June, the Qing court officially issued an "edict declaring war," saying that the great powers "have bullied our country, invaded our land, ravaged our people, and extorted our property for 30 years."

This edict is quite intriguing. First of all, the edict declared war on the grounds that the foreigners forcibly demanded the Dagukou Fort, but it was not known that the Dagukou Fort had fallen as early as June 17 at this time, but the Governor of Zhili concealed it and did not report it. In other words, the capture of the Dagukou Fort by the coalition forces on June 17 actually constituted a declaration of war in the de facto sense, and the declaration of war by the Qing court on June 21 lagged behind.

Second, the edict did not declare war on a specific person, but only used a pronoun "they" with contempt, so it is questionable whether this can be regarded as a declaration of war in public international law (in fact, no country later declared a formal war);

Third, the edict explained to the people why the imperial court had made such a decision and called for a joint defense against the enemy, which seemed more like an internal war mobilization order than a declaration of war. Therefore, it is obviously a major misunderstanding to say that the Empress Dowager Cixi "brazenly" declared war on the Eleven Kingdoms, and it is legally and logically untenable.

I remember that it seemed that she wanted to abolish Emperor Guangxu, but the foreigners came forward to obstruct it, and Cixi declared war on them. After the allied forces entered the city of Beijing, Cixi fled in a hurry and fled to Xi'an. That's about it.

Selfishness. I just want to be the second Wu Zetian.

The edict only quotes part of the answer above, and you have to look at the original text to understand the truth.

The reason why Cixi declared war on 11 countries at the same time. may have her own ideas, because at that time, there were changes everywhere, which had threatened Cixi's power, so she wanted to maintain her position by declaring war on the eleven countries and diverting contradictions.

At this time, the Boxers were about to arrive in Beijing, and the Qing ** at this time could not control the situation, and the foreigners wanted to lead the army into Beijing, but Cixi knew that of course they supported King Guangxu, and if they really came, the Empress Dowager Cixi was likely to die. Therefore, the Empress Dowager Cixi simply declared war on eleven countries at one time, escalating the contradiction and escalating the power struggle between herself, the Guangxu Emperor and the foreigners into a war between countries.

Because China was often bullied by foreign countries at that time, it was often oppressed, so Cixi wanted to work hard, but the war with a huge disparity in strength must end in defeat, but we also had to cooperate with Cixi's courage, because he wanted the courage to resist.

Because his heart is very ruthless, he doesn't want other countries to take over his things.

The deep meaning is that she wants to consolidate her power, and skillfully diverts the public anger caused by her imprisoning Guangxu. After the failure of the Hundred Days Restoration, the Boxer Rebellion, and the need for foreigners to send troops into Beijing, the pressure and doubts from all sides were affecting Cixi's control of power, so she thought of declaring war.

He also wanted to confuse the other party and let the other party know that he could declare war with 11 countries, and the imperial court's troops were definitely very strong.

In the early days of Cixi's declaration of war on the Eleven Kingdoms, it was when the Boxers were in full swing. At that time, the slogan of the Boxers was "Fu Qing and destroy the foreigners", so Cixi thought that she could destroy the invaders of the 11 countries with the help of the Boxers.

Because these eleven countries launched the Eight-Nation Coalition War, burning and looting the imperial palace, Cixi angrily declared war on these eleven countries.

Conceited, the Qing Dynasty in 1900 experienced the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War and was unable to launch another large-scale war, she can only explain her actions with conceit, perhaps she thinks that it doesn't matter if she can negotiate peace soon, as long as the dominance of their royal family is guaranteed, everything else doesn't matter.

Of course, it was Liang Jingru's courage