Why did Zhuge Liang go out of Qishan six times and failed to make several Northern Expeditions?

The reason why Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions out of Qishan could not succeed was because of the limited national strength of Shu and the inability to provide a large number of soldiers, grain, grass and equipment, etc., and the Northern Expedition of Shu Han always faced the problem of insufficient logistics and insufficient troops. Zhuge Liang and others made strategic mistakes and were defeated repeatedly. In the case of insufficient strength, it can only be a positive victory and a strange combination, and it is basically impossible for no strange soldiers to win more with less.

Zhuge Liang always wanted to win in a dignified manner, but in the end he could only lose openly. ‍‍

Zhuge Liang suffered from the soldiers, did not dare to advance, and could only take steps as a battalion, Sima Yi was a famous general who was good at defending the city, so most of the Northern Expedition returned in vain. Zhuge Liang was cautious all his life and did not fight uncertain battles, so he took every step of the way and sought victory in stability, but Sima Yi was very good at guarding, so Zhuge Liang could only lead Sima Yi to dispatch, surround and annihilate him, and Sima Yi was in danger of being wiped out in the upper valley. ‍‍

Zhuge Liang used people improperly and lost the battle. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), due to the fact that Cao Rui had just succeeded to the throne, Cao Wei's military and political affairs were in turmoil, and Zhuge Liang led the army on the first northern expedition. Zhuge Liang ordered Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to be suspicious soldiers, feint to attack Yicheng, attract the main force of the Wei army, and Zhuge Liang personally led the main force to attack the direction of Qishan.

The Wei army planned that for a time the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an and Anding in the direction of Qishan were conquered, and the Shu army was invincible, and the Wei army returned from the wind. ‍‍

The main opponent of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is Sima Yi, everyone knows that Sima Yi is a thousand-year-old fox, extremely stoic, in the face of the encirclement or pursuit of the Shu army, often take a posture of holding out, Zhuge Liang six out of Qishan The number of real battles between the two sides is very small, Sima Yi has a very accurate judgment of the situation, every march, every move is well thought out, so Sima Yi is a person with great wisdom, Zhuge Liang can be said to have met an opponent. ‍‍

It can be said that Zhuge Liang's analysis at that time was very profound, but the plan was not as good as the change. When Guan Yu launched the Battle of Xiangfan and finally defeated Maicheng and was killed by Eastern Wu, Zhuge Liang's Longzhong pair basically lost the possibility of realization. Later, the Battle of Yiling further damaged the strength of Shu Han, leaving Zhuge Liang with some old and weak remnants.

In this case, it is simply difficult for Zhuge Liang to complete his dream of dominating the world. On top of that, the Cao Wei group had the richest grain-producing area, and with the socio-economic recovery, Cao Wei's military strength far exceeded that of Shu and Wu combined. This is also the key reason for the failure of the Northern Expedition. ‍‍

Zhuge is not as smart as Sima! Zhuge can't bear it, but Sima can't bear it, this is the gap. Also, Zhuge has a faint monarch Liu Chan dragging his feet, and Sima is independent and unscrupulous, which is also a reason.

Liu Xuandexing's troops attacked Wu, which greatly damaged the vitality of Xishu, and the "Five Tiger Generals" and wise and virtuous people lost more than half, completely disrupting Zhuge Liang's plan for countermeasures; Secondly, Xishu is located in the southwest corner, and every time the Northern Expedition is launched, it costs the people and money, which is in stark contrast to the resistance of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it will definitely not succeed. ‍‍

The road from Hanzhong to Qishan stretches for thousands of miles, the road is rugged, and the transportation and supply of materials, grain and grass are insufficient. Although the terrain of Shu Han is steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, it is even more inappropriate to send troops to attack Wei, the road is rugged, not suitable for marching, and can be harassed by ethnic minorities. The most important thing is the difficulty in transporting grain, grass and ordnance.

The Shu army did not advance an inch for a month, and the supply of grain and grass did not keep up, so it had to return to Hanzhong.

Because he always sat on a four-wheeled cart and did not ride a horse, he was the fundamental reason for the failure of the Northern Expedition