Since it is the concentration of hydrogen ions that determines the acidity of a solution, what is th

1.There is an ionization equilibrium in the solution, such as HAC==H+ +AC-, and if there is such an equilibrium, the acid ions will bind to a part of the hydrogen ions, reducing the effective concentration of hydrogen ions.

2.For strong acid ions, it also depends on what kind of solution it is in. In aqueous solution, sulfate and nitrate are basically not combined with hydrogen ions, that is, there is no ionization equilibrium, because the acidity of sulfuric acid and nitric acid is stronger than the acidity of H3O+, and the strongest acid in water is H3O+, so sulfuric acid and nitric acid are all electrolyzed, resulting in a leveling effect.

In the solvents with strong acidity (or weak alkaline), such as acetic acid as a solvent, the ability of acetic acid to compete for hydrogen ions is weaker than that of water, so it is not easy to obtain the hydrogen ions in nitric acid and sulfuric acid, so the hydrogen ions that sulfuric acid and nitric acid cannot be completely ionized, thus producing an ionization equilibrium, which can distinguish the acidity of the two according to the equilibrium constant, which is the distinguishing effect. The main idea is to compare the relative strength of the acidity and alkalinity of the two substances involved in the reaction. This is the idea of acid-base proton theory.

3.In all solutions, all ions are responsible for neutralizing the charge, and together they maintain the electrical neutrality of the solution.

It's just an anion, keeping the positive and negative charges of the solution in equilibrium.

In addition, in the case of weak acid ions, the acidity of the solution will be changed by hydrolysis reaction.

Supplement: Strong acid ions play a role in maintaining charge balance because they do not hydrolyze, such as nitrate ions. Another effect is to make the solution conductive, as these ions can move freely in the solution.

Specifically, it should be like this:

1.The acidity and alkalinity of the solution is determined by the pH (of course, the neutral pH will change in different cases, not necessarily = 7).

Hydrogen ion concentration).

3.In the acid solution, the strong acid is completely ionized, forming H+ and acid groups, which have nothing to do with acidity (unless the topic requires you to find the H+ concentration by acid roots, and thus find pH).

4.In the acid solution, the weak acid is not completely ionized, and H+ and weak acid heel are generated, at this time, if the acid group and acidity do not matter, but there are often problems to compare the acidity of the solution by comparing which weak acid is easier to ionize, and it is also an indirect comparison of H+ concentration. So you are generally asked to use acid roots to infer the H+ concentration.

5.If the acid concentration is much greater than the H+ concentration (such as in NaHCO3 solution), due to the dominance of HCO3-hydrolysis, the H+ concentration in the solution decreases and the pH increases, so the acidity of the solution has a great relationship with the acid group.

Neutralizes the charge in the solution.

Not necessarily 1. There must be hydrogen ions in the acidic solution, even in a neutral solution, due to the weak ionization of water, hydrogen ions can be ionized, but there are more hydrogen ions in the acidic solution. 2. Not necessarily, it depends on what acid or what acid root.

Acids that are more acidic than carbonic acid or strong acids and weak alkalis can be reacted when the acid is stronger than the carbonate when the salt is hydrolyzed. The emphasis here is on the strength of the acidity, not on the concentration of the acid, which only determines the rate of the reaction.

of high and low. For example, hypochlorous acid, which is less acidic than carbonated.

Regardless of the concentration, it does not react with calcium carbonate and release carbon dioxide. Usually, weak acids are made from strong acids.

The principle of precipitate generation of metathesis reaction is excluded. 3. There must be hydroxide ions, even in a neutral solution, due to the weak ionization of water, hydroxide ions can be ionized, but there are more hydroxide ions in alkaline solutions. 4. Not necessarily, it depends on what alkali or what alkali metal ions are ionized by strong alkali and weak salt.

An alkaline solution that is stronger than ammonia or an ionized alkali metal ion is more alkaline than an ammonium ion, and the reaction can occur. Here the first emphasis is on the strength of alkalinity, and in the case of strength, it is the concentration relationship. In addition to the metathesis reaction that occurs with precipitation, it is usually based on the principle of strong alkali to weak alkali.

Since ammonia is the product of the interaction between ammonia and water, it can ionize hydrogen and pure oxygen ions, so the solution is alkaline. Ammonia is volatile, and the greater the concentration, the stronger the ability to volatilize ammonia. If the concentration of the strong alkali solution is low, the ammonia solution is diluted instead.

Reduces volatility. Theoretically, aside from the volatility of ammonia, as long as a strong alkaline solution is added, that is, the ability to ionize hydroxide ions is stronger than that of a solution where ammonia ionizes hydroxide ions, regardless of the concentration, the equilibrium shifts to the right, and the reaction can occur. As for the ammonia gas that is generated to dissolve in water again to form ammonia (ammonium hydroxide), which then volatilizes into ammonia, it belongs to another equilibrium and has nothing to do with it.

Not necessarily. Not necessarily, it depends on what acid or what acid root. Acids that are more acidic than carbonic acid or strong acids and weak alkalis can react when hydrolyzed by smiling acid groups that are stronger than carbonates.

The emphasis here is on the strength of the acidity, not on the concentration of the acid, which only determines the rate of the reaction. For example, hypochlorous acid, which is less acidic than carbonate, will not react with calcium carbonate and release carbon dioxide, no matter how high the concentration is. Under normal circumstances, it is based on the principle of strong acid to weak acid, except for the decomposition reaction of the reincarnation wheel generated by precipitation.

There must be hydrogen ions in the acidic solution, and the concentration of hydrogen ions is greater than that of hydroxide ions.

The strength of acidity is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ion, and the greater the concentration of hydrogen ions, the stronger the acidity. The low concentration of hydrogen ions makes the acidity weak.

Both carbonic acid and sulfuric acid have hydrogen in the chemical formula, so the acidic solution must have hydrogen ions.

Not necessarily, an acidic oxide is not an acid, but it is still acidic, and acidic solutions do not necessarily have hydrogen ions.

Yes. An acidic solution is one in which the concentration of cations (hydrogen ions) in the solution is greater than the concentration of anions (hydroxide ions).

Regardless of the solution, the concentration of hydrogen ions ionized by water itself = the concentration of hydroxide ions ionized by water itself.

In an acidic solution, there is only hydroxide ionized by water, so the total hydroxide in the solution is the hydroxide ionized by water, so the concentration of hydrogen ions ionized by water is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution.

In an aqueous solution, acid protons exist in the form of hydronium ions. When an acid is dissolved in water, its molecules react with water molecules, releasing H+ ions, which combine with water molecules to form hydronium hydroxide ions (H3O+). Therefore, the aqueous solution of the acid mainly contains hydrogen hydrate nanomacro ions rather than free H+ ions.

It should be noted that the interaction between hydronium ions (H3O+) and water molecules is weak, and its example can be expressed by a simplified chemical formula as H+(AQ) +OH-(AQ) -H2O(L), where AQ stands for hydrated state and L stands for liquid state. This means that the hydronium hydrate ions can move freely and react with the chemical reaction. This is also the reason why, in general, we use acidic solutions to regulate the pH value, react with alkaline substances, etc.

It is also important to note that the number of hydronium hydrate ions contained in an acid solution is related to the acidity and concentration of that acid. The concentration of hydronium ions in a strong acid solution is much higher than in a weak acid solution.

Hydronium ions are the predominant form of existence, and the vast majority, but both ways.

There are two main forms of presence of hydrogen ions (H+) in acid solutions:

Free state pickpocketing.

In an acidic solution, water molecules (H2O) undergo an autocatalytic reaction to generate hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions (OH-). Among them, hydrogen ions are the ionic form that is free to exist in solution and has the chemical formula H+.

h2o h+ +oh-

Hydrated state. Hydrogen ions are easily combined with water molecules in aqueous solution to form hydrated ions, that is, a water molecule provides an electron to the H+ ion, forming a hydroxide ion (H3O+). So, actually the hydrogen ions in the acid solution are in the form of hydrated ions.

h+ +h2o h3o+

Therefore, in acidic solutions, the storage of hydrogen ions includes both free state and hydrated state in spring solution.

Summary. When the concentration of hydrogen ions is very small, after taking the negative logarithm, the pH is between 0-14, which is very convenient.

When the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution is very small, it is very inconvenient to use the concentration of hydrogen ions to express the acidity and alkalinity of the solution. pH is.

When the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution is very small, it is very inconvenient to use the concentration of hydrogen ions to represent the acidity and alkalinity of the dissolution solution. pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in solution. The smaller the pH, the stronger the solution (). The higher the pH, the stronger the solution ().

When the concentration of hydrogen ions is very small, after taking the negative logarithm, the pH is between 0-14, which is very convenient.

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The smaller the pH, the more acidic, and the greater the pH, the more alkaline it is<>

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Regardless of the aqueous solution, the concentration of hydrogen ions ionized by water is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions ionized by water.

Because the ionization of water is H2O == H+ +OH- (reversible) there is no binding of hydrogen ions to hydroxide ions.

For example: What ions are contained in dilute sulfuric acid? - Discharge of hydrogen ions, sulfate ions, hydroxide ions in order of concentration from high to low.

If you write the ionization equation for water, you will understand it. However, it should be noted that the concentration of the two ions is not equal during hydrolysis, which can be obtained by the hydrolysis equation