Please read the following material and ask questions Read the following material, questions ?

1. The materials show that the agricultural production technology in the Jiangnan area of the Han Dynasty was very low, but because of the abundant water and grass in the south of the Yangtze River, although the technology was backward, the people's life was not poor.

2 It can be seen that by the Song Dynasty, the economy of Jiangnan was prosperous, including agriculture and handicrafts.

The reason for this is that after the development of the Six Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, a large number of labor from the north poured into the south, bringing advanced production technology to the south, coupled with the abundant local products, so that the economy of Jiangnan developed rapidly and became an economically developed area.

The economic center of the three countries has shifted from the central plains in the north to the south, and the south has become the main place of national finance and taxation.

1) He devoted his life to agricultural research, read a large number of agricultural literature and materials, and was familiar with agricultural proverbs and songs. He went out of his way to visit experienced farmers and grow his own crops. "Qi Min Yaoshu" is the product of Jia Sixian's close and organic combination of theory and practice.

2) Emphasize the need to follow the laws of the development of things.

3) Example 1: When reading, you must connect with reality, don't die reading, and apply what you have learned. Example: Experience has a broader guiding significance only when it rises to the level of theory. 2. Read the following material, Question:

Material 1: The word "Qi" in the title of the book "Qi Min Yaoshu", according to Jia Sixian's explanation at the beginning of the preface: "The Historical Records of the Cave Ruler" Day:

Qi people have no cover. Such as Chun Note Day: Qi, there is no noble and low, so the so-called "Qi people", if the current "civilian" also.

At the end of the preface to "Qi Min's Technique", Jia Siqian mentions his writing process, which includes the words of "collecting scriptures, fighting and songs, inquiring about the old and verifying the deeds". This shows that Jia Siqian completed "Qi Min Yaoshu" on the basis of fully possessing the materials and accumulating a lot of experience. A total of 155 kinds of agricultural materials were collected from the scriptures, histories, children, and collections.

More than 30 agricultural proverbs are used in the book.

Material 2: "When the weather is good, Nabi has a favorable geographical location, less effort and more success, and returns to the road at will, but there is no gain", "Logging in the trapped spring spring, climbing the mountain to seek fish, the hand will be empty; Scattering water in the wind, walking against the slope, its potential is difficult. Qi Min Yao Shu (1) How did Jia Siqian write "Qi Min Yao Shu"?

2) What do these sentences in Material 2 illustrate?

3) What inspiration can we get from Jia Sixian's process of writing "Qi Min Yaoshu"?

What do you mean by "pointer" in the material? What impact did its invention have?

Answer: Its invention has been widely used in production and life, especially to promote the development of the maritime industry, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of world culture. )

Lesson 15 Printing, Compass, and Gunpowder.

Key points of knowledge. 1.During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China invented engraving printing; At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu was the center of engraving printing; The earliest surviving engraving print in the world with an exact date is the Diamond Sutra engraved in 868 (the ninth year of Xiantong in the Tang Dynasty).

During the Song Dynasty, engraving printing entered its heyday. In the middle of the Song Dynasty (mid-11th century), Bi Sheng, a commoner, invented movable type printing.

During the Ming Dynasty, China invented color overprinting, which is divided into two forms: overprinting and engraving.

2.During the Warring States period, people used natural magnets to make compass instruments Sinan, which was the world's earliest guide instrument. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was invented and began to be used for navigation.

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, it developed into a compass needle. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the sea and foreign trade were easy to develop, and the compass was widely used in navigation.

3.Gunpowder was invented by alchemists in the Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military.

During the Song and Yuan dynasties, gunpowder was widely used in warfare, mainly assault muskets, rockets, artillery, etc. During the Zhenzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the first workshop in history to produce firearms, "Guangbei Siege Works", was established in Kaifeng, among which there was a "gunpowder work" specializing in the manufacture of gunpowder.

4.The dissemination of ancient Chinese inventions to the outside world.

During the Yuan Dynasty, movable type printing spread to Europe. More than 400 years after Bi Sheng invented movable type printing (15th century), movable type printing was only available in Europe.

In the 12th century, the compass was introduced to Europe via Arabia and contributed to the development of the world's maritime industry.

In the 13th and 14th centuries, firearms were introduced to Arabia and Europe.

(1) Direct democracy and rotational governance; Only adult male citizens enjoy democracy, and women, slaves, and foreigners do not have democratic rights.

2) "New kinds of countries" refers to the fact that the United States has become a republican state. Specific manifestations: federalism, separation of powers, ** and parliamentarians elected by the people.

3) Change: Reduction of rural (or "decayed") seats; lowering the property and identity requirements of voters; Restrictions on electoral qualifications have been shifted from status qualifications to property qualifications; Increase the total number of voters. (3:3 a.m.) Reason:

The deepening of the Industrial Revolution. (4) Connection: Ancient Greek democracy laid the foundation for modern Western democracy.

1. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

2. Reform of Emperor Xiaowen.

3. Also: First: It is forbidden for Xianbei nobles to wear Hu clothes, and they all change to Han clothes.

Second: Xianbei nobles are forbidden to speak Xianbei language, and all Chinese are spoken. (For people over the age of 30, it has become a habit to use Xianbei language, and it is allowed not to change immediately; However, people under the age of 30 and those who are officials in the DPRK are not allowed to continue to use the Xianbei language, and if they knowingly commit crimes, they must be demoted or dismissed.

Third: ** and family members must wear Hanfu.

Fourth: change the surname of the Xianbei tribe to the surname of the Han nationality, and change the royal family from the shape of Tuoba to the surname Yuan.

Fifth: Encourage intermarriage between Xianbei nobles and Han nobles.

Sixth: adopt the official system and laws of the Han nationality.

Seventh: learn the etiquette of the Han people, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and advocate the atmosphere of respecting the elderly and providing for the elderly.

Eighth: Emperor Xiaowen stipulated that all Xianbei people who have moved to Luoyang will take Luoyang as their hometown; The Xianbei people who died in Luoyang must be buried in Pishan near Luoyang, and are not allowed to be transported back to Pingcheng for burial.

4. Evaluation of reform: Nature: A feudal reform in which the northern ethnic minorities learned the economic and political system and culture of the Han nationality.

Influence: Promoted the feudalization of Northern Wei society; Luoyang is prosperous and has become an international commercial city; It has promoted the recovery and development of the northern economy; accelerated ethnic exchanges and integration; It laid the foundation for the reunification of the country in the Sui and Tang dynasties.

1) Meiji Restoration, Jiafu Judgment Split Sino-Japanese War; Pentecostal Variation. Rush.

2) Promote a new Western style of education.

Drawing on the advanced management system of the West (3)b

4) We must be good at learning and absorbing the world's advanced culture, and adhere to reform and opening up, so that the country can become stronger;

It is necessary to advocate the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strive to develop education, and vigorously improve the quality of laborers.

It is necessary to persist in opening up to the outside world and introduce advanced foreign science and technology;

In developing the economy, it is necessary to maintain social stability.

(1) Features: **Protection, **Intervention. (2 points) Main reason: to get rid of the economic crisis of 1929-1933.

2) Causes: Protectionism hinders international development; The world market is further developing.

3) The regulations of the World ** Organization are binding on all member countries.

4) Basic principles: Liberalization.

Positive effect: to promote the growth of the world's leading countries and the development of the economies of member countries.

5) Trend: from disorder to order; From the lack of strict laws and rules to the existence of laws to follow, it was carried out in an orderly manner; From protection to relative freedom.