Explanation of terms nanotechnology, what are the scientific and technological terms of nanotechnolo

The technical terms of nanotechnology are: nanocoating, carbon nanotubes, nano detection technology, etc.

Nanotechnology is the scientific technology of making matter from a single atom and molecule, and studies the properties and applications of materials with structural sizes in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.

Nanoscience technology is a science and technology based on many modern advanced science and technology, it is the product of the combination of modern science (chaos physics, quantum mechanics, mesophysics, molecular biology) and modern technology (computer technology, microelectronics and scanning tunneling microscopy technology, nuclear analysis technology), and nanoscience technology will give rise to a series of new science and technology, such as: nanophysics, nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanoelectronics, nanofabrication technology and nanometrology.

There are four main aspects of nanotechnology:

1. Nanomaterials: When the material reaches the nanoscale, it is about the range of nanometers, and the properties of the material will suddenly change and special properties will appear. This kind of material is not only different from the original composition of atoms, molecules, but also different from the macroscopic material with special properties, that is, nanomaterials.

2. Nano dynamics: mainly micro-mechanical and micro-motor, or collectively known as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), used for miniature sensors and actuators with transmission machinery, optical fiber communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments, etc.

3. Nanobiology and nanomedicine: such as fixing DNA particles with nano-microparticle colloidal gold on the surface of mica, inter-digital electrodes on the surface of silica to test the interaction between biomolecules, phospholipid and fatty acid bilayer planar membranes, fine structure of DNA, etc.

4. Nanoelectronics: including nanoelectronic devices based on quantum effects, optoelectric properties of nanostructures, characterization of nanoelectronic materials, as well as atomic manipulation and atomic assembly.

Nanomaterials refer to three-dimensional space.

At least one dimension is at the nanometer size, or is made up of materials made up of them as basic units, which is roughly equivalent to 10-100 atoms closely packed together.

Nanomaterials have certain uniqueness, and when the scale of matter is small to a certain extent, it must be described by the view that quantum mechanics replaces traditional mechanics.

In the 21st century, the rapid development of information, biotechnology, energy, environment, advanced manufacturing technology and national defense will inevitably put forward new requirements for materials. Aerospace.

New military equipment and advanced manufacturing technology have higher and higher requirements for material performance.

Nanomaterials are materials that are in the nanoscale range (1-100 nm) or are made up of at least one dimension in the nanoscale range (1-100 nm) in three-dimensional space, which is approximately equivalent to the scale of 10 100 atoms closely packed together... FYI.

1 nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Materials that are nanoscale (very small, very small) are called nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials have adsorption and coagulation functions; Some can prevent scaling and adhesion; Some have good toughness; Some have good heat retention; Some are resistant to high temperature, friction, impact, etc.

Particles as large as nanometers are used as the basic binders of materials....The combination of materials includes molecules, atoms, hybrids, etc., and nano is another smaller combination.

What are the scientific terms for nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is the scientific technology of fabricating matter from a single atom or molecule, and studies the properties and applications of materials with structural sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers [1].

Nanoscience technology is a science and technology based on many modern advanced science and technology, it is the product of the combination of dynamic science (dynamic mechanics) and modern science (chaotic physics, intelligent quantum, quantum mechanics, mesophysics, molecular biology) and modern technology (computer technology, microelectronics and scanning tunneling microscopy technology, nuclear analysis technology), nanoscience and technology will give rise to a series of new science and technology, such as: nanophysics, nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanoelectronics, nanofabrication technology and nanometrology, etc.

Chinese name nanotechnology.

The foreign name is nanotechnology

Alias nanotechnology.

Time of invention. 1981 year.

Quick navigation. Main contents: historical evolution, application fields, potential hazards, and development trends of derivative products.

Theoretical implications. Nanotechnology, also known as nanotechnology, is a technique that studies the properties and applications of materials with structures in the range of 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers. After the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, a world of molecules with lengths from 1 to 100 nanometers was born, with the ultimate goal of constructing products with specific functions directly from atoms or molecules [2]. Therefore, nanotechnology is actually a technology that uses individual atoms and molecules to make matter.

From the research to date, there are three concepts about nanotechnology:

The first is the molecular nanotechnology proposed by the American scientist Dr. Drexler in the book "The Created Machine" in 1986. According to this concept, it is possible to put into practical use machines that combine molecules, so that all kinds of molecules can be combined arbitrarily, and any kind of molecular structure can be manufactured. Nanotechnology for this concept has not yet made significant progress.

The second concept positions nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, through nanoprecision"Processing"to artificially form nano-sized structures. This nanoscale processing technology is also about to reach the limit of semiconductor miniaturization.

Even if the existing technology is developed, theoretically it will eventually reach the limit, because if the wire width of the circuit is gradually reduced, the insulating film that makes up the circuit will become extremely thin, and the insulation effect will be destroyed. In addition, there are problems such as heating and shaking. To address these issues, researchers are working on novel nanotechnologies.

The third concept is from a biological point of view. Originally, organisms have nanoscale structures within cells and biological membranes. The development of DNA molecular computers and cellular biocomputers has become an important part of nanobiotechnology.

1. Nanotechnology, also known as nanotechnology, is a science and technology that uses a single atom and molecule to manufacture matter, and studies the properties and applications of materials with a structure size in the range of 100 nanometers.

2. Nanoscience and technology is based on many modern advanced science and technology, which is the product of the combination of modern science and the current and defeated technology, and nanoscience and technology will lead to a series of new science and technology, such as: nanophysics, nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanoelectronics, nanofabrication technology and nanometrology.

The technical terms about nano include nano sustained release technology, carbon nanotube ladder, absorber materials, nano detection technology, nano coating, nano new materials, etc.

1. Nano sustained-release technology.

It is a technology that encapsulates drugs in nanomaterials to achieve a slow release of drugs. This technique can make the drug stay in the body longer, which can improve the efficacy of the drug and reduce the amount of the drug.

2. Carbon nanotube ladder.

It is a kind of equipment conceived by human beings to go to space. Similar to a regular elevator, it is different in that it does not take passengers to and from floors, but rather to send them to a space station about 10,000 kilometers from Earth.

3. Absorbing materials.

It refers to a class of materials that can absorb or greatly reduce the electromagnetic wave energy received on its surface, thereby reducing the interference of electromagnetic waves.

4. Nano detection technology.

Detection technology developed by using the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. For example, quantum dot labeled antibodies are used for fluorescence imaging of cells, and immunomagnetic beads are used for cell isolation.

5. Nano coating.

It refers to the advanced technology of nano non-toxic coating and the nano coating technology with high technological content. This high-tech nano-coating is not only non-toxic and harmless, but also slowly releases a substance that degrades harmful substances such as formaldehyde and xylene in the room.

6. Nano new materials.

Although new nanomaterials are not the final product, they are very important. For example, glass has good brightness but a large weight. The use of nanometers to improve it to make it lighter makes this material not only have mechanical properties but also other functions such as changing the color of light, storing light, reflecting various ultraviolet and red traces of the sail, absorbing and storing light, etc.

The so-called nanomaterial technology is a new material technology. Processing materials to nanoscale sizes forms a new material, resulting in many new material properties, which is a typical example of the change from quantity to quality of matter.

At the beginning of the 20th century, nanoparticles of metals and their oxygen-blind imitations began to be prepared by evaporation. In the middle of the 20th century, people explored the mechanical crushing method to refine the material particles, and now the methods of preparing nanoparticles are mainly divided into two categories: chemical methods and physical methods.

Nowadays, people's clothing, food, housing and transportation will see products that use nanotechnology, and the application of nanotechnology is everywhere. Due to the good transparency of some nanomaterials and excellent ultraviolet shielding effect, adding a small amount (generally not more than 2% of the content) of nanomaterials to products and materials will greatly weaken the damaging effect of ultraviolet rays on these products and materials, making them more durable and transparent, so they are widely used in skin care products, decorative materials, external topcoats, wood protection, natural and man-made fibers and agricultural plastic films. For example, as early as 2002, South Korea successfully grafted nano silver into cosmetics, filling the gap in the nano silver cosmetics industry.

The appearance of nano-silver cosmetics has attracted the attention of many people. It doesn't just have the function of makeup. At the same time, it also plays an antibacterial role to reduce the damage of external bacteria to the human body.

Some clothing and car films will also be sprayed with a layer of nanomaterials, which can be waterproof, oil-proof, and even dust is difficult to retain on its surface.

Nanotechnology can also help diagnose whether the fetus has a genetic defect. When a woman is 8 weeks pregnant, a small number of fetal cells begin to appear in her blood. Fetal cells can be isolated for diagnosis using semi-permeable membranes with nano-sized pores and special synthetic nanotubes.

Amniocentesis is not required. At present, the United States has applied this chiropractic technology to clinical diagnosis. At present, artificial heart valves, which are also widely used in nanotechnology materials, are made of titanium and stainless steel alloys, but there is still a possibility of damage after transplantation into the human body.

Crystalline nano-pickaxe oxide is an alternative material with a high degree of resistance to biological depletion. There has been a qualitative leap in silver's ability to sterilize in the nano state. Only a very small amount of nanosilver is needed to produce a strong bactericidal effect.