How the rites changed from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty 10

The ritual music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to the category of superstructure, which is said to have been formulated by the Duke of Zhou. The rites formulated by the Duke of Zhou were the general term for the political norms, moral norms, and various rules and regulations that maintained the ruler's hierarchy, and later developed into a hierarchical dogma that distinguished the noble and the low. Raku is a dance music made in conjunction with the ceremonial activities of the nobles.

The scale of the dance music must be consistent with the level of enjoyment.

The ceremonial music of the Western Zhou Dynasty stipulates auspicious rites (sacrificial rites), fierce rites (funeral rites), military rites (marches, expeditions), bin rites (pilgrimage, mutual employment), and jia rites (wedding banquets, crowning), etc., so that the noble and the lowly are different, the respect and the inferiority are different, and the young and old are orderly.

Li: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was used to determine relatives and alienation, resolve suspicions, distinguish similarities and differences, and distinguish between right and wrong, which is the social code system and moral norms. As a system of rules, it is the embodiment of the social and political system, and it is the etiquette and ritual in the maintenance of the superstructure and the interaction between people that correspond to it.

"Interpretation" said: "Etiquette, body also." Words are also the body of things.

"Ritual Vessels" says: "Faithfulness is the foundation of etiquette; Righteousness, the text of etiquette. There is no foundation, no writing.

Etiquette is the foundation of a person's conduct and behavior. It is also a standard for people to be human. Therefore, the Analects says:

If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand. ”

Music: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, five tones and eight tones were used for music, and five tones were used for the scale, namely Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu. The eight tones are the classification of instrumental music, namely xun, sheng, drum, pipe, string, pan, bell, and qi.

The etiquette includes: the etiquette of the court. The etiquette of the envoys of the two countries. The etiquette of the sacrifice of the dead, the etiquette of the guests and friends in the market, etc.

Le: It's like a modern ** faction, there are ethnic classes. Classical classes and more! For different guests. Play different levels of instruments for different occasions!

The Zhou Dynasty was the first era to stipulate "rites" (rituals such as sacrifices and feasts) and "music" (music and dance that accompanied "rites"), which is called the establishment of ritual music. It is said that this major measure was promulgated by the great statesman Zhou Gong at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. The ritual system continued to influence the Qing Dynasty for thousands of years.

During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were three main forms of marriage: plunder marriage, free marriage and betrothal marriage. The most important of these was dowry, which reflected the popularization of the emerging feudal concept of etiquette and the patriarchal system, and had a profound impact on later generations.

1. Monogamy: It was not easy in ancient times.

2. Not married with the same surname: It seems to be a bit strict.

3. The life of the parents, the words of the matchmaker.

"Rites"to distinguish the patriarchal hierarchical order from near and far.

Le"Come and be communed"Rites"hierarchical order.

The system of ritual music", that is, the idea and system of subordinating "music" to "etiquette", is a fairly complete system of rules and regulations.

The combination of ritual and pleasure not only maintained the hierarchical order within the slave-owning aristocracy, but also ruled the people more effectively.

Therefore, "li" is the content of "music", and "music" is the manifestation of "li".

In the Western Zhou Dynasty ritual music system, etiquette refers to the behavioral norms used to express the hierarchy, and music refers to the ** used to edify people's thoughts.

Can't forget your irresistible magnetic charm. is in the prime of life, but he chose to have extremely high requirements for broadcasting.

"Music" emphasizes the harmony of different classes, which is conducive to social harmony and has a strong political and social color.

"Etiquette" pays attention to the difference and reflects the orderliness of the noble and the low.

The Western Zhou Dynasty pioneered a model of governance that combined ritual and punishment.

a Commonality of ritual and punishment methods.

From a macro point of view, the two methods of ritual and punishment in the Western Zhou Dynasty were important social rules for maintaining social order and adjusting social relations. The so-called "where the rite goes, the punishment is taken", and "the rite is punished." ”

b Propriety predominant.

In the relationship between the Western Zhou rites and punishments, the rites occupy a dominant position, and the punishment must obey the guidance of the rites. Because etiquette is a positive and active norm, it is a prevention of prohibiting evil before it happens; Its function is to prevent crime in society in a comprehensive manner.

c Auxiliary status of criminal law.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the punishment was in a position of guidance, and under the guidance of the rites, the crimes that had already occurred were sanctioned, and they were in a passive and passive state. Punishment is an inevitable supplement to rituals, and rituals are backed by the coercive force of punishment, and punishment is used to maintain rituals more effectively.

d The Western Zhou Dynasty's model of governing the country combined with ritual and punishment has influenced the Chinese legal system for more than 2,000 years.

1) Created a new model of governance.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the combination of ritual and criminal means to jointly govern the country created a unique mode of governance in the world and influenced the Chinese legal system for more than 2,000 years.

2) Far-reaching.

The Western Han Dynasty's "Virtue and Punishment", the early Tang Dynasty's "Virtue and Punishment", the Ming Dynasty's "Ming Rites to Guide the People", and "Laws to Rope Stubbornness" governance model all originated from the Western Zhou Dynasty's combination of ritual and punishment, and the Western Zhou Dynasty's contribution to the governance model was pioneering and crucial.

Etiquette is actually a kind of norm that everyone must abide by.

Pick D. When translating the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes wanted to pay tribute, and the Lile expedition was decided by Zhou Tianzi, and by the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes had already ignored Zhou Tianzi and started a large-scale annexation war and hegemony war, so the Lile expedition was decided by the princes themselves, and there was nothing to do with Zhou Tianzi. This is all a manifestation of ignoring the royal power of Zhou Tianzi.

This shows that the power of Zhou Tianzi has been weakened during the Spring and Autumn period and he has become the nominal leader. The power of the princes has increased greatly, and they no longer obey the orders of Zhou Tianzi. Confucius called it "the collapse of etiquette and happiness".