What are the problems existing in China s foreign trade policy and the influencing factors in formul

Problems to be solved in the reform of the foreign trade system 1The negative impact of excessive external dependence, including import and export dependence. In the past five years, China's dependence on foreign trade has increased at a rate of at least 10 per year.

Such a high degree of dependence on foreign trade not only promotes China's economic development, but also has many risks. In addition, excessive import dependence will increase the competitive pressure of domestic industries, increase the pressure of domestic employment and the operating difficulties of some domestic enterprises; Moreover, China's dependence on the import of technology and equipment is relatively high, which makes China's industrial modernization and technological progress have a strong dependence on foreign countries, and there is a risk that developed countries will control China's technology. 2. The marketization of foreign trade and the positioning of the best functions.

Many of China's foreign trade enterprises, including state-owned enterprises, are transforming to the joint-stock system, and earning foreign exchange is no longer the primary goal of enterprises, and the pursuit of high efficiency, high profits, and low risk has become the main goal of enterprises. ** While carrying out the necessary administrative management, macroeconomic management should be shifted to the track of focusing on legal and economic means. There should be three major changes in the foreign trade system: 1. Change the traditional concept of pursuing a surplus and strive to pursue a balance in foreign trade.

Judging from the practice of China's economic development, the years of rapid economic growth are all years of small deficits or surpluses. Therefore, on the issue of foreign affairs, we should completely change our concepts, abandon the traditional concepts and practices of earning foreign exchange through exports and pursuing surpluses, and establish a policy with the goal of balancing the balance of payments. 2. Change the original "export-oriented" foreign trade strategy, shift to balance, and shift from focusing on exports to improving productivity and promoting the continuous enhancement of international competitiveness.

China's foreign economic and trade strategy should shift from the traditional export-oriented to the first-class balance, and from focusing on the export volume to the first-class oriented strategy of improving productivity and promoting the continuous enhancement of international competitiveness. 3. Transform the original foreign trade growth mode, expand the scale of foreign trade and improve the quality at the same time, realize the transformation from a big country to a strong country, and significantly enhance the promotion of industry and the national economy. At present, China's foreign trade is changing from quantitative growth to quality and efficiency growth, and from a large country to a strong country, and the transformation of foreign trade growth mode should be promoted from the following aspects:

The first is to promote the enhancement of core competitiveness and increase the added value of export products. The second is to promote the transformation and upgrading of processing, extend the domestic industrial chain, cultivate independent intellectual property rights, transform from "migratory bird economy" to "banyan economy", and enhance the driving role of domestic industry and national economy. The third is to promote the improvement of international marketing capabilities, cultivate China's own multinational companies, and grasp the market initiative.

Fourth, promote industry coordination, stop vicious competition in imports and exports, especially in the import of resources to establish a diversified, stable and reliable resource base. Fifth, promote the convergence and complementarity of the two markets and increase the import of urgently needed domestic products. We must not only pay attention to the import of resources, energy, and technology, but also resolutely control the export of "high energy consumption, high material consumption, and high pollution" products.

There are a lot of journals to look for online.

(1) the general trend of economic development and the political and economic situation of the country; (2) the level of development of the country's productive forces, its position in the world market and its relative power to other countries; and (3) the domestic economic situation and the constraints and influences of economic policies in each period.

1. Facing multiple internal and external pressures:

In 2013, the internal and external environment facing the development of China's foreign trade may be slightly better than in 2012, but the superposition of international and domestic risk factors will still cause greater pressure on the development of China's foreign trade, mainly in the following aspects, first, the contradiction of insufficient foreign demand has not been fundamentally alleviated. In the case of weak world economic recovery and high risks, the problem of insufficient orders from China's export enterprises is still prominent, especially the situation of short orders, small orders, long orders, and large orders.

Second, the impact of friction continues to increase, and China is the biggest victim of protectionism; Third, the task of changing the mode of foreign trade development is more urgent. China's factor costs have risen rapidly, which has weakened the cost competitiveness of the manufacturing industry to a certain extent. With the profound changes in the domestic and foreign environment, China's foreign trade has been difficult to achieve the rapid growth of nuclear liquid in previous years.

2. The improvement of external demand is not obvious

The world economy has entered a period of deep transformation and adjustment, the low-speed growth trend will continue, the foundation for the economic rebound is not solid, the positive effect on China's foreign trade is limited, and the improvement of external demand is not expected to be obvious.

With the gradual release of a series of policies to stabilize the growth of the country and bury the search to promote foreign trade and the successive introduction of follow-up supporting policies, it is expected that China's export growth will pick up in 2013, but it is difficult to improve significantly, and it will still be much lower than the average growth rate of the past 10 years, and the growth rate of imports will increase.

In the first half of 2013, it is difficult to significantly improve the situation of foreign demand, and foreign trade will basically continue the low-speed growth trend in 2012. In the meantime, due to factors such as the fiscal cliff problem in the United States and China's Spring Festival, the growth of foreign trade will fluctuate temporarily. In 2013.

In the third and fourth quarters, if the global uncertainties become clear, the growth rate of China's foreign trade is expected to continue to increase.

3. Limited upside of exports

International experience shows that the high growth of China's exports may have reached the "ceiling" (a country's exports account for no more than 3% of global GDP, and a country's exports account for no more than 10% of the world's exports). This means that the first period of the traditional model of China's rapid export growth has passed, and the export growth rate in the medium and long term has limited room for growth, and will stabilize at a low level.

Looking ahead to 2013, the process of deleveraging the private and public sectors in developed countries such as the United States and Europe will inevitably be accompanied by the correction of their deficits. Correspondingly, the surpluses of China and other newly industrialized countries** will be reduced. China's export competitiveness is in a steady decline channel, the general deficit dominated by bulk commodity imports will continue to expand, the overall surplus will show a narrowing trend, and the proportion of surplus in GDP will further decline.

In 2013, the international environment forced China to expand domestic demand, improve innovation capabilities, and promote the transformation of foreign trade development mode. It is necessary to change from a labor-intensive industrial structure to a capital- and technology-intensive industrial structure, and expand the degree of export-oriented high-tech industries.

Cultivate brand, marketing network and R&D design, and transform from "Made in China" to "Created in China". It is necessary to continue to stabilize and expand the share of China's exports in the international market, give play to the supporting role of imports in structural adjustment, and promote the balance of payments.

Problems: 1. Facing multiple internal and external pressures; 2. The improvement of external demand is not obvious3. Limited upside of exportsMeasures: Cultivating brands, marketing networks and R&D design, made in China.

Shift to "Created in China". It is necessary to continue to stabilize and expand China's exit in the international market.

and give full play to the supporting role of imports in structural adjustment and promote the balance of payments.

Extended Information: China Abroad**:

The People's Republic of China was founded.

Later, he insisted on independence and self-reliance, and gradually carried out foreign economic exchanges, but was affected by the international political environment and the domestic planned economic system at that time.

and other factors, the development of external ** is relatively slow. In 1978, China entered a new era of reform and opening up. Vigorously developing foreign countries has become an important way for China to speed up modernization, change its backward appearance, promote economic development, and enhance its comprehensive national strength.

The total volume of goods ranks among the top in the world. In 1978, China's total import and export of goods was only 20.6 billion US dollars, ranking 32nd in the world's goods**, accounting for less than 1%. In 2010, China's total import and export of goods reached 2,974 billion US dollars, an increase of 143 times over 1978, with an average annual growth.

For two consecutive years, it has become the world's largest exporter and second largest importer of goods. The structure of the cargo ** has changed radically.

2. In the 80 s of the 20 th century, the structure of China's export commodities realized the transformation from primary products to industrial manufactured products, and by the 90 s, it realized the transformation from textile products to mechanical and electrical products. In addition to state-owned enterprises, foreign trade operators also include foreign-invested enterprises.

private enterprises, etc., the total import and export value of the latter two has now surpassed that of state-owned enterprises. From the 80s of the 20th century to the beginning of this century, China's processing industry has flourished and become half of the country's foreign trade. Form an all-round and diversified import and export market pattern.

After the reform and opening up, China has developed its foreign affairs in an all-round way and has established first-class relations with most countries and regions in the world. **The partnership has grown from dozens of countries and regions in 1978 to 231 countries and regions at present. European Union, United States, ASEAN, Japan, BRICS.

and so on to become China's main partners. Since the beginning of the new century, China has been working with emerging markets and developing countries.

The ** continues to grow rapidly. Serve**.

The international competitiveness of the country is constantly increasing.

3. Join the world's leading organizations.

Later, China's service has entered a new stage of development, with rapid expansion of scale, gradual optimization of structure, and ranking among the top in the world. Services in the fields of tourism and transportation have grown steadily, while cross-border services in the fields of construction, communications, insurance, finance, computer and information services, exclusive rights royalties and royalties, and consulting have grown rapidly. Together with domestic investment and consumption, foreign investment and consumption have become the three major engines of China's economic growth.

Reform and improvement of the foreign trade system.

Legal analysis: foreign policy refers to the norms for import and export activities formulated by a country in accordance with its own political and economic interests and development goals within a certain period of time. It is embodied in the laws, rules, regulations and measures implemented by a country for the entry and exit of the country within a certain period of time.

Legal basis: Foreign Affairs Law of the People's Republic of China

Fourth, the state implements a unified foreign affairs system, encourages the development of foreign affairs, and maintains a fair and free foreign affairs order.