The management of spinach planting in winter is very important, how to do a good job in field manage

Spinach is suitable for dense planting, the sowing time is generally in mid-September, before sowing, the land should be prepared to do furrowing, and the soil is finely embedded, the bottom fertilizer is applied on the furrow surface, the bottom fertilizer is used with water and fertilizer, such as pig manure or human manure, and then the seeds are evenly sprinkled on the furrow surface, covered with a layer of fine soil, winter spinach we generally call it wintering spinach, because winter spinach has to go through overwintering to spring when it is anti-green growth, so we plant wintering spinach is generally carried out in October, depending on the local climatic conditions, The whole plant of spinach is green, tender and delicious, very rich in nutrition, rich in vitamins and mineral elements in the tissue, and is everyone's favorite vegetable with high nutritional value. Spinach has a long history of cultivation and is commonly cultivated throughout the country. Spinach has a wide range of adaptations.

Spinach planted in winter has become overwintering spinach in our local area, and the word "wintering" indicates that the weather is relatively cold, so in the selection of planting varieties, it is necessary to choose cold-tolerant mid-late maturing varieties to plant. Spinach is not strict with the soil for planting, for spinach***, when the leaves grow to 25-35 cm long, it can be harvested. The spacing of the old roots of spinach should be 30-40 cm.

After picking the big leaves, cover a layer with farmhouse fertilizer, in the spring of the second year, if it is a sunny slope, the ground has not yet melted through the spinach began to sprout and grow, planting winter spinach to choose a fertile land, moisturizing and water-retaining good land, before plowing the land, more farmhouse fertilizer is mainly applied, 40 kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu, to do intensive cultivation and fine raking, leveling and furrowing, when preparing the land, it is necessary to keep it well, and the spacing is appropriate to keep the cold wind barrier.

Land preparation and fertilization: Spinach fields should choose plots with fertile soil and good thermal insulation and water retention. Before ploughing, apply 5-6 square meters of high-quality farmhouse fertilizer per mu, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, intensive tillage, fine raking, and leveling and furrowing.

When preparing the land, it is necessary to leave a moderate distance to protect against cold wind barriers. Post-overwintering management: It takes 30-40 days to harvest spinach after overwintering.

When the spinach grows to 6 7 cm tall, the green water after overwintering is carried out on a sunny day, and the water is finely irrigated. Apply a little nitrogen fertilizer appropriately. When the leaves grow to 20-30 cm long, they can be harvested one after another.

The main task of management during this period is to do a good job of cold protection and moisture protection, so that the seedlings can safely overwinter. When the soil begins to freeze in winter, the measures of watering the field of overwintering crops are to apply fine circle fertilizer in the morning after watering the frozen water and before the soil thaws. Before spinach stops growing, pesticides such as dimethoate and deltamethrin are used to kill aphids.

Chemical fertilizers with more nutrient riches should be used, as only then can the growth of spinach be better promoted.

When planting spinach in the open air, we should choose a loam soil with leeward and sunny direction, loose and fertile soil with high organic matter content, water and fertilizer retention, good drainage and irrigation, and neutral acidity. It is necessary to choose spinach varieties that have strong winter, are not easy to sprout, have strong cold resistance, and can have stable and high yields. After spinach sowing, if there is a situation of pulling seedlings, soil moisture should be properly replenished.

When planting overwintering spinach, the most common disease is downy mildew, we should strengthen field management, achieve reasonable dense planting, reasonable irrigation, in order to effectively reduce field humidity.

Of course, it needs to be soaked to promote germination, because it is very difficult to grow spinach in winter, and the temperature requirements are very high, so after soaking, it will be very helpful for the growth of spinach, and many families do this.

Soak seeds to promote germination. Overwintering spinach is suitable for sowing from mid-October to early November, and harvesting in batches around the Spring Festival.

It is advisable to choose medium and late maturing varieties with strong winter, late budding and strong cold tolerance, such as Denmark Fast Green No. 2, Shouguang Syngenta, Hong Kong All-round, etc. In order to improve the germination rate of seeds, soak seeds in cool water for about 12 hours 1 day before sowing. Rub off the mucus, remove and drain, then seed, or germinate at 15 20 days, and sow seeds after 3 to 4 days when most of the radicles are exposed.

Yes, because this makes the spinach grow better and sprouts easily, making the roots of the spinach healthier.

Spinach is a drought-resistant crop, so it's not so easy to grow good spinach on a hot summer day. Spinach in the summer market is also more expensive. Many vegetable farmers want to seize this opportunity. Let's take a look at the essentials of growing spinach in summer.

Sowing seeds and raising seedlings. Usually, summer spinach can be sown in June or July. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in water for about 12 hours, then placed in cold water No. 4 for 10 to 24 hours, and finally in an environment for 15 to 20 minutes in order to germinate.

Generally, you can wait for three or four days for the seeds to turn white. The sowing method is mostly scattering, and the sowing density should not be too dense.

Land consolidation.

The best soil to grow summer spinach is well-drained, loose and fertile soil. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer. About 2,000 kg of farm fertilizer and 30-40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied per mu during land preparation. Finally, the soil should be fine and raked into a high or flat border.

On-site management. In summer spinach planting, most vegetable farmers usually choose to cover it with a shading net to achieve the purpose of cooling and moisturizing, and create a clever environmental conditions for high-yield cultivation of spinach in summer. After emergence, sprinkler irrigation is used, often using a small amount of water.

After the leaves grow 2-3 pieces, apply nitrogen fertilizer twice, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately, and water after fertilization to promote the growth of spinach stems and leaves, so that spinach has higher economic value than wide and wide pickpockets.

Harvest in time. About a week before the harvest, the parasols will be removed. The temperature is very high in summer, spinach is easy to sprout, generally about 30 days after sowing, when the spinach plant grows to about 20 cm, it can be harvested and marketed, and it can also keep the spinach fresh and tender.

The size of spinach is very important before winter, and it is not resistant to low temperatures at all, and it is larger to increase the contact area with the outside world and is more susceptible to freezing. Before wintering, it is necessary to fatten and promote the growth of spinach, so that the spinach leaves can grow quickly to about 5-6 pieces, which is more suitable for the spinach wintering stage, at this time, the spinach itself has strong resistance, and secondly, the area affected by the outside world is not very large. However, when fertilizing, we should pay attention to the dosage and collocation, so as not to grow spinach and then freeze to death on a large scale!

First of all, if the soil moisture is insufficient before the emergence of seedlings, it should be lightly watered. Watering should be controlled after the seedlings are ready, so that the roots of the spinach can better develop deep into the soil. And before winter, spraying should be done in time to prevent aphids.

If aphids are not controlled before winter, then when the temperature warms up in spring, spinach will be exposed to pests and diseases.

Spinach overwintering, according to the experience of some old farmers who grow spinach, 5 fat true leaves are the best. Before wintering, if the seedlings are small, the root system is shallow, the nutrient storage is not tolerant to freezing, the early spring can not reach the morning market, the wintering such as the growth is too large, especially the spinach that has been smoked, it is more resistant to freezing, the overwintering damage is too large, the virus disease is serious, the second year of recovery and growth is slow, and the quality is poor. The most suitable sowing date is around the time of white dew, and it is best to build a wind barrier every 5 to 6 days to raise winter temperatures, protect spinach from winter, and promote early growth in the following year.

First of all, it is necessary to choose a soil with a relatively high temperature, and the fertility of the soil must be good, and it is necessary to do a good job of ventilation and watering, and must pay attention to keeping warm.

Before planting spinach, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and apply foot fertilizer to ensure the nutrient needs of spinach seedlings and growth. The base fertilizer should mainly be rotted farmhouse soil miscellaneous fertilizer, or commercial organic fertilizer, and it is better to apply an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer. After applying the bottom fertilizer by deep ploughing the soil, sow seeds in a timely manner according to your own needs.

When the cotyledons have two true leaves, the growth is slow. After two true leaves, the number of leaves, the weight of the leaves, and the area of the leaves will increase rapidly. When the average temperature of the day is below 23, the rate of differentiation of leaf primordium at the end of spinach seedlings will slow down with the decrease of temperature.

The demand for fertility in the growth process is also more comprehensive. Therefore, in addition to choosing to plant in loose and fertile, water and fertilizer retention, good drainage and irrigation plots, basal fertilizer should also be re-applied, and the application of bottom land fertilizer should be based on farmhouse fertilizer with high nitrogen content. Sufficient basal fertilizer can promote the development of roots and the growth of seedlings.

Planting in early winter, it also requires a lot of fertility as a supplement, in order to make spinach grow smoothly, but also when the seedlings grow to 6 true leaves, top dressing treatment, fertility to nitrogen fertilizer, improve the frost resistance of seedlings, spinach after wintering also use green fertilizer, in order to make spinach leaves green, hypertrophic, to obtain high-yield winter wave cabbage need to choose fertile soil, deep soil quality and good water retention and fertilizer, because to survive the winter need to fertilize more than other times, 6000 pounds per mu fermented and rotted organic fertilizer, 30 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of potassium sulfate, deep soil.

Due to the small root group of spinach and distributed in the shallow soil layer, on the basis of basal fertilizer, it is necessary to apply sufficient fast-acting fertilizer in time, generally nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. When the fertilizer and water are insufficient, the vegetative organs of spinach plants are underdeveloped and easy to sprout early, which affects the yield and quality. Spinach does not have high requirements for soil, and the general plots can be planted with anti-liquid, but it is advisable to use deep soil, loose soil, and fertile soil, and the loam soil with strong water and fertilizer retention ability and rich humus is more conducive to the growth of spinach.

It is necessary to maintain sufficient chicken fertilizer, and to carry out cold protection, timely top dressing and sprinkling, and use more nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.

Fertilization should be applied to the roots of the spinach so that the spinach can absorb the nutrients.

1. Basal fertilizer of spinach: due to the long growth period of overwintering spinach, in order to avoid defertilization, it is necessary to have sufficient basal fertilizer. Generally, organic fertilizer and all phosphorus and potassium fertilizers that should be applied are applied as base fertilizer, and then the land is prepared for furrowing.

2. Reduce the application of nitrogen-type limb fertilizer before spinach overwintering: It is best to keep the spinach land rental herb to grow 4 5 true leaves before wintering. Since spinach with 4 or 5 true leaves is the most cold-resistant, it is susceptible to frost damage if it is too large or too small.

Therefore, if the sowing date is suitable and the fertilizer accumulation is sufficient, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled before overwintering to avoid frost damage due to the reduction of dry matter and sugar accumulation of seedlings. If the early planting is too late or the soil fertility is insufficient, nitrogen fertiliser can be considered to promote the growth of seedlings to ensure that the spinach is overwintered at a suitable seedling age.

The base fertilizer must be kept sufficient, a part of the nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, and the fertilizer should be increased in time according to the growth state of the plant.

In this situation, fertilizer management should be carried out in a timely manner, and a large amount of sunlight should be irradiated, and Qikai should be called in time to consume and irrigate, so that it can grow very well.

The beginning of autumn is a good season for planting spinach, put on a little farm fertilizer, turn the ground, the ground should be leveled, the seeds are planted, covered with soil, the soil should be kept moist, spinach will emerge in a week or so, but the actual nutrition is still relatively rich, which is rich in vitamins, and is even called "nutrition model student". Moreover, spinach grows fast and has a strong adaptability to the soil environment, so it is a good time to plant autumn spinach after the beginning of autumn. Select the variety.

The selection of good varieties is the most important thing for high yield of rapeseed, and the required variety is to have high yield.

Premium ("Double low", high oil content, etc.), high resistance (lodging resistance, antibacterial resistance to sclerotinia and other characteristics) and other characteristics of high-yielding varieties in the field to choose an open place, with a small pickaxe to turn the land over, so that the soil is soft, in order to facilitate spinach unearthing and growth. Then put the top layer of soil to the side and leave the cover soil, recently it has rained a lot without watering, the land is moist, and the spinach seeds are sprinkled directly on the ground.

Choose an open area in the field and turn the land over with a small pickaxe to make the soil soft so that the spinach can be unearthed and grow. Then put a layer of soil on the side to leave the cover soil, the recent rain does not need to water, the land is moist, directly sprinkle the spinach seeds on the ground on the spinach cold, the temperature is more than 25 degrees is not suitable for its growth, now the beginning of autumn is only a week, this year's beginning of autumn is just at the end of the dog days, after the beginning of autumn did not usher in the expected cool weather, but hotter than before, this is what people often say "autumn tiger".

Autumn spinach is generally sown in early August and harvested from October to November, with a yield of about 2,000 kg per mu. The sowing date can be flexibly grasped according to the local climate and soil fertility, and if the sowing is too early, the plant is prone to overgrowth and premature aging; Sowing too late and the plant is not large enough, spinach is a hardy vegetable and is also heat tolerant. It can be grown all year round.

Because there are more varieties of spinach, but for farmers, there are fewer summer spinach planted, and most of them are planted with spring spinach, autumn spinach and overwintering spinach.

Spinach in autumn should be controlled at room temperature, can be planted in greenhouses, and the autumn climate is dry, spinach is easy to lack water, so do a good job of hydration, and water spinach a lot every day.

When planting, it should be planted thicker and covered with mulch, so that the spinach will grow quickly and will not be frozen to death because of the cold weather.

The planting time is usually around August every year, and after about 1-2 months, it can be harvested in September and October. It can be planted in deep, draining and air permeable soil, and the soil is leveled and raked in advance, and fertilizer is applied. Select a good variety, do a good job of germination treatment in advance, sow the seeds into the soil, water in time to keep the soil moist, and the seedlings can emerge neatly in about a week or so, and pay attention to water and fertilizer management after planting.