The leaching method of the leaching agent, the introduction of the leaching preparation

Summary. Leaching can not be regarded as a simple dissolution process, and only the active ingredients required for leaching, namely proteins and polysaccharides, should be extracted in accordance with the requirements of **test and immunity**. Therefore, the solvent used must have the ability to selectively leach the object.

The liquid used for allergen leaching is called leaching solvent, and the leaching time has an impact on the leaching effect, generally the longer the time, the larger the diffusion value, the more conducive to leaching, but when the diffusion reaches equilibrium, time no longer plays a role. The leaching time of the allergen is 48-72 hours.

Leaching can not be regarded as a simple dissolution process of the foci, and should only leach the active ingredients required by the high foci, namely proteins and polysaccharides, according to the requirements of the **test and immunity**. Therefore, the solvent used must have the ability to selectively leach the object. The liquid used for allergen leaching is called the leaching solvent, and the leaching time has an impact on the effect of leaching, the longer Qi Meng's dress, the greater the diffusion value, the more conducive to leaching, but when the diffusion reaches equilibrium, time no longer plays a role.

The leaching time of the allergen is 48-72 hours.

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1 Pinyin 2 English references.

3 Classification of commonly used leaching preparations.

jìn chū zhì jì

infusion preion

Leaching preparation refers to the pharmaceutical preparation made of leaching active ingredients from medicinal materials (animals and plants) with an appropriate slag leaching solvent and method for internal use or external use of nuclear banquet. The leachables of medicinal materials can also be used as raw materials for other preparation applications.

Commonly used leaching preparations can be divided into the following four categories:

1) Water leaching dosage form, such as decoction, mixture, etc.

2) Alcohol-containing leaching Shenshi quiet dosage form, such as tincture, liquor, flow extract, etc.

3) Sugar-containing leaching dosage forms, such as granules, internal ointments, etc.

One foot quick) overview.

Granule refers to the granular preparation made of herbal extracts and suitable excipients or fine powders of medicinal materials. According to the solubility performance, it is divided into soluble powder, suspension powder and effervescent powder. According to the shape of the finished product, it can be divided into granular and blocky, and the former is more widely used.

The powder is taken with water, which not only maintains the characteristics of the decoction, but also overcomes the shortcomings of the temporary decoction of the decoction and easy mildew, and can cover up the bitter taste of the drug, and the effect is faster than that of the solid preparation, and it is easy to carry, transport and apply. However, the packaging is not strict and easy to clump. The quality requirements for this are described in the granules.

2) Preparation method The preparation of granules can generally be divided into extraction, concentration, granulation, drying, screening and packaging. Appropriate excipients, flavoring agents, aromatics and colorants can be added to the formula. Unless otherwise specified, the medicinal materials should be processed into pieces or segments, extracted according to the specific varieties and prescribed methods, filtered, and the filtrate should be concentrated to the specified relative density (a lead is 80 -90 The specific gravity of the thermal measurement is a clear ointment, add quantitative excipients (sugar powder and dextrin) or fine powder of medicinal materials, mix well, make granules, and dry.

The amount of excipients is generally not more than 5 times the amount of clear paste, and the volatile oil should be evenly sprayed into the particles and sealed to the specified time.

When the effervescent granule is made, the two materials of the effervescent agent should be made into granules with the extract respectively (so as not to react before taking the acid and alkali), and after drying, the two particles should be mixed evenly, the whole granules can be divided into separate packages.

3) Examples: Cold and antipyretic powder.

Prescription: 200g of large green leaves, 200g of banlan root, 100g of forsythia, 100g of boxing ginseng

Preparation method: take each flavor of medicinal materials and add water to decoction twice, each time, combine the decoction, filter, concentrate the filtrate to the specific gravity, add the same amount of ethanol to precipitate, take the supernatant ** ethanol and concentrate, add water double, stir, stand for 8h, and take the supernatant concentrated to the specific gravity of the thick paste. Take 1 part of thick plaster, add sugar powder, dextrin and an appropriate amount of ethanol, make granules, dry and whole grains, and obtain.

Function and indications: Clearing heat and detoxifying, used for upper respiratory tract infection, acute flat body inflammation, pharyngitis.

Usage and dosage: Rinse with water, 16-32g at a time, 3 times a day.

Answer]: cLeaching agent refers to a type of preparation made for internal or external use by extracting the active ingredients in decoction pieces with appropriate solvents and Fang Fan holding stool method. Most of the leaching agents can be directly applied to clinical practice, such as mixtures, syrup, liquor, etc.; There are also some leaching agents, which are often used as raw materials for the preparation of other preparations, such as flow extracts and extracts.

The main characteristics of the leaching agent are: It reflects the comprehensive efficacy of a variety of leaching ingredients in the drinking travel tablets; The efficacy is mild, long-lasting, and the adverse reactions of celery are small; Smaller amount and easy to use.

Leaching is a common method for isolating and extracting compounds, and it can be used to extract target compounds from natural products, foods, drugs, and chemicals. Here are a few commonly used leaching methods:

1.Water leaching method: the leachable material is put into water for soaking, and the target chemical excitation wheel is extracted by using the solubility of water. It is often used to extract active ingredients from plants and seafood.

2.Organic solvent leaching method: the leachable material is immersed in an organic solvent, and the target compound is extracted by using the solubility of the organic solvent. Commonly used organic solvents are ethanol, acetone, methanol, etc.

3.Supercritical fluid leaching method: The target compound is extracted from the tung branch to be leached by using the high solubility and high diffusion of supercritical fluid. Commonly used supercritical fluids are carbon dioxide, ethane, etc.

4.Acid-base leaching method: using the reactivity of acid and base, the target compound is extracted from the product to be leached. It is often used to extract metal ions from ores and soils.

5.Microwave-assisted leaching method: The effect of microwave heating is used to improve the leaching speed and extraction rate. It is often used to extract target ingredients from food and medicine.

The above are commonly used leaching methods, and different leaching methods are suitable for different leachables and target compounded acorns. During the leaching process, it is necessary to pay attention to safety and environmental protection, and comply with relevant laws and regulations.

Leaching methods: decoction, impregnation, percolation, reflux, steam distillation, supercritical fluid extraction.

1) The decoction method is suitable for medicinal materials whose active ingredients can be dissolved in water and are stable to moisture and heat.

2) The impregnation method is suitable for: (1) viscous medicinal materials; (2) medicinal materials without organizational structure; (3) Fresh and swelling herbs; The medical education network collects and sorts out (4) the active ingredients are volatile or easily destroyed when heated.

The impregnation method is not suitable for: (1) precious medicinal materials; Toxic medicinal materials, (2) medicinal materials with low active ingredient content.

3) Supercritical fluid extraction method: CO2 is generally usedAdvantages: fast extraction speed and high efficiency; The extraction temperature is low, and there is no oxygen; Selectively extract the ingredients in medicinal materials; The process is simple, the solvent can be recycled, and it is especially suitable for the extraction of heat-sensitive and oxidized active ingredients.