How to view the spatial geography law and the integrity of the physical geographic process? 5

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1. Description of point-like geographical things.

The test questions usually use a certain area map as the background map to present the distribution of point-like things, and pay attention to the points when reading the map.

size, sparseness, and composition of shapes to observe the meaning of dot-like things.

Angle of description: density + quantity + extreme value + bearing. Description:

Characteristics of the overall distribution (sparse condition), description of the structure of the total score (whether it is balanced; If it is not even, which is more, which is less); The name of the location of the extreme zone (where is the most, least, most concentrated zone, along what line, or the name of the area with the densest or thinnest area, etc.) The shape of the dots – what laws do they reflect. Others – size, meaning represented (e.g. city hierarchy), dynamic changes in points, etc.

Of course, when describing, you should look at the picture to speak, highlight the key points, and be appropriate for the topic (not necessarily exhaustive).

2. The distribution of linear geographical things.

Linear geographical distribution maps, often used linear symbols to represent traffic lines, rivers, mountains, contours, etc. Arrows are dynamic, and those without arrows are static. The length and thickness of the line segment indicate the size of the quantity (or the numeric value on it). Specifically, it can be divided into two categories:

1) Describe the distribution of a line (usually a contour line).

This type of test only requires the description of a specific line of geographical things, such as annual isoprecipitation lines, isotherms, etc., which can be considered in terms of direction and extension direction. When reading the graph, pay attention to the position of the "inflection point" of the curve, so that it can be described in sections. Most of these questions need to be described in sections; For example, the distribution of "January 0 isotherm in China" can be described as:

The eastern section is roughly east-west, roughly along the line of the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains; The western section is roughly northeast-southwest and approximately parallel to the foothills of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

2) Describe the distribution of multiple linear geographical things.

Description Angle: Position + Density + Gradient Direction + Direction (Extension Direction). The specific analysis is as follows:

Distribution: where is the largest to the smallest area; Trend: gradually larger (smaller) from a certain direction to a certain direction; Convex and concave variation (contour bending case – low convex, low convex):

Look at the extreme value - look at the contour line closure, reflecting the large (or small) situation of a certain local area.

3. Description of geographical things with surface distribution.

The "surface" distribution should indicate the distribution range of the geographical thing, that is, the boundary between the southeast and the northwest;or the distribution and approximate area of the geographical thing in a geographical thing. In the description of polygonal geography, the scale is often relatively large.

Describe the angle: range (azimuth) + area (change in size and area) + extension direction + distribution of extreme area.

1. Various factors in the natural environment affect and restrict each other.

2. Mutual influence between regions.

3. Pull a hair and move the whole body.

Integrity of the natural environment:

1. Definition: The natural geographical environment is composed of the atmosphere, water, rocks, organisms, soil, topography and other elements, and the components of the natural geographical environment interact and influence each other. The elements of the terrestrial environment are interconnected, mutually restrictive and interpenetrating, constituting the integrity of the geographical environment.

2. Performance: It is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:

First, there is an exchange of matter and energy between geographical elements

Second, the interaction between geographical elements produces new functions;

Third, the natural geographical environment has a unified evolution process, and fourth, the change of geographical elements will "affect the whole body".

Understand the physical geography.

The wholeness of copying can be started from the following two aspects: First, the various elements that make up the physical geographical environment are not isolated from each other, but develop and change as part of the whole. Each element forms the structural characteristics of the natural geographical environment through a special network relationship, and as a reflection of the organic connection of the system, each element subsystem is subordinate to the natural environment system itself, and each element maintains harmony in characteristics and is unified with the overall characteristics.

Second, the integrity of the physical geographical environment is expressed through the movement of matter, energy and information within the system, and the change of one natural element will inevitably lead to the change of other elements and even the overall environmental state. For example, deforestation and planting trees and grasses will have different impacts on the natural geographical environment.

The totality of the physical geographical environment is relative, but the difference is absolute. On the one hand, it is impossible to find two areas with exactly the same natural condition;On the other hand, no matter how small an area is, there are still differences within it. Therefore, the area can be divided step by step.

Because the distribution of various natural elements has a certain regularity, the natural geographical environment formed by their joint action also has a certain regularity in regional differentiation. The law of regional differentiation is the basis and basis for studying the natural phenomena in a specific region and the utilization and transformation of the natural environment, and it is an ideal model based on ideal conditions.

The integrity of the geographical environment refers to the internal connection between the components of the geographical environment and the components. They are interconnected and mutually conditional, thus forming a whole, where one element influences the other, and one part influences the other. For example, the low-lying areas near the equator have the most solar heat, forming a high-temperature and rainy climate, thus creating favorable conditions for the growth of tropical plants; The variety of plants and abundant fruits provide sufficient food for a wide variety of animals**.

This intrinsic connection between the elements that make up the geographical environment constitutes the integrity of the geographical environment of the equatorial lowlands. For example, there are obvious differences in the geographical environment of the same latitude on the east and west sides of the Andes Mountains in South America, and this whole is due to the important role played by the Andean element.

Zonality mainly refers to the natural belt on land, which extends along the latitude in a certain width and changes in the north-south direction. The cause of zonal differences is mainly due to the fact that the earth is an ellipsoid, and the uneven distribution of solar radiation on the earth's surface produces a heat band distributed along the zonal direction. The zonality of heat distribution affects the distribution of water, and the different heat and water conditions of each zone form different climatic characteristics.

Under the influence of the pressure and wind zones on the earth, the climate is also distributed according to the zones. Climate affects plants, and plants are closely related to animals, so different climatic zones have different plant zones and corresponding animal kingdoms. In this way, a series of natural belts are formed on the whole continent that are distributed in the latitudinal direction, alternate from north to south, and various geographical elements are interconnected.

(1) The natural geographical environment is mainly composed of five elements: geomorphology, climate, hydrology, biology and soil, each component element is not isolated existence and development, they interact and influence each other, and the change of one element will cause the change of other elements or even the entire geographical environment, which constitutes the integrity of the natural geographical environment. (8 points).

2) For example, the Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, and its climate is extremely dry (climate) due to the downdrafts of the subtropical high pressure zone and the trade winds from the interior all year round. Due to the lack of water, there is little or no surface runoff (hydrology), and weathering is strong, resulting in large deserts (landforms, soils) with very little flora and fauna (living organisms).

12 points) can be given as appropriate

The elements that make up the terrestrial environment (climate, topography, hydrology, biology, soil) are interconnected, mutually restrictive and interpenetrating, constituting the integrity of the geographical environment.

When a feature changes, the other features change with it. For example, when forests (vegetation) are cut down, the ability of the surface to intercept atmospheric precipitation (climate) decreases, the infiltration decreases, the confluence rate of surface water (hydrology) accelerates, and the erosion of the soil is intensified, which can easily cause soil erosion (landform), resulting in poor soil.

After the destruction of vegetation, photosynthesis is weakened, the ability to absorb carbon dioxide is reduced, and the composition of the atmosphere is affected, and such a chain reaction eventually leads to the change of the entire natural geographical environment, that is, "the whole body is affected".

The so-called wholeness is the intrinsic relationship between the various elements of the terrestrial environment.

It manifests itself in two ways: the correlation of elements of the terrestrial environment. The elements of the environment are interconnected and interpenetrate to form a whole.

Each element evolves as part of the whole. Constraints on the elements of the terrestrial environment. Wholeness is also manifested in the fact that a change in one element will lead to a change in other elements or even the entire environmental state, that is, "one trigger affects the whole body".

There is a kind of coordination or balance between environmental elements in different regions, and if one element changes beyond its limit, it will lead to disharmony or imbalance between them, and sometimes even environmental disasters.

For example, large-scale deforestation and grassland reclamation have led to an increasing area of land desertification, serious soil erosion, widespread sandstorms, an increase in flood and drought disasters, and a deterioration of the climate.

The elements that make up the geographical environment are interconnected, mutually restrictive, and interpenetrate.

Integrity of the geographical environment: The various elements that make up the terrestrial environment (climate, topography, hydrology, biology, soil) are interconnected, mutually restrictive and interpenetrating, constituting the integrity of the geographical environment.

Differences in geographical environment: the geographical environment is composed of various elements (topography, climate, water, biology, soil, etc.) with different properties; Each element does not exist in a single form, but in many; The geography is a regular combination of various morphological units of different sizes.

The atmosphere, water, rocks, landforms, organisms, and soil elements that make up the natural geographical environment on the earth's surface are closely interconnected and interacted with each other through the movement of materials and energy such as the atmospheric cycle, the water cycle, the biological cycle, and the geological cycle, thus forming an inseparable whole, which is the integrity of the geographical environment. The integrity of the geographical environment is manifested in the interconnection, mutual restriction and mutual penetration of the various elements that make up the terrestrial environment, which constitutes the integrity of the geographical environment. The elements of the terrestrial environment do not exist and develop in isolation, but develop and change as part of the whole. In the landscape they always seek to be in harmony with the general character of the environment; The change of one element will lead to the change of other elements and even the entire environment, which has the effect of "affecting the whole body"; The interaction between geographical elements generates new functions; The natural geographical environment has a unified evolutionary process.

Different regions of the earth, due to their different latitudinal positions and sea and land positions, form a certain combination of heat and water. Different climates have produced corresponding representative vegetation and soil types, thus forming a terrestrial natural environment with a certain width and a belt, such as forests, grasslands and deserts. This is the difference in geographical environment.

The differences in geographical environment are manifested in the differences from the equator to the poles, from the coast to the inland, the vertical regional differences in the mountains, and the local differences.

The totality and difference of the physical geographical environment in the last days are two different kinds of difference and error.

Wholeness refers to the consistency of the larger environment, and difference refers to the characteristics of small regions.

Wholeness refers to the balance of the entire ecosystem, and as for difference, it should refer to the characteristics of each environment, that is, the difference.

Summary. Hello dear<>

The significance of regional spatial structure is as follows; 1. Regional spatial structure connects the relevant resources and elements scattered in geographical space through a certain form of spatial organization, and produces various economic activities. 2.The regional spatial structure can produce unique economic benefits.

3.Economical and economical.

How do physical geographical conditions affect the spatial structure of a region?

The ways in which physical geographical conditions affect the spatial structure of a region are as follows:1The natural environment includes geographical location, climatic conditions, land reputation lead cover resources, mineral resources conditions2Social environment. Including agriculture, industry, transportation, population, celebration and technology.

Hello dear<>

The regional spatial structure is intended to carry righteousness like a cherry blossom; 1. Regional spatial structure connects the relevant resources and elements scattered in geographical space through a certain form of spatial organization, and produces various economic activities. 2.The spatial structure of the regional rift seclusion can produce unique economic benefits.

3.Economical and economical.